{"id":346,"date":"2023-03-07T18:12:58","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T18:12:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/?post_type=back-matter&p=346"},"modified":"2023-03-21T19:59:21","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T19:59:21","slug":"appendix-timeline-community-development-in-cleveland","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/back-matter\/appendix-timeline-community-development-in-cleveland\/","title":{"rendered":"Appendix: Timeline\u2014Community Development in Cleveland"},"content":{"raw":"1967<\/strong>\r\n

Carl Stokes elected Mayor<\/p>\r\n

Hough Area Development Corporation formed.<\/p>\r\n1969<\/strong>\r\n

Commission on Catholic Community Action supports community organizing.<\/p>\r\n1973<\/strong>\r\n

Detroit Shoreway Community Development established.<\/p>\r\n1974<\/strong>\r\n

Congress passes the Community Development Block Grant program the leading source of federal funding for community development corporations and neighborhood projects.<\/p>\r\n1976<\/strong>\r\n

Federal judge Frank Battisti orders the Cleveland School District to desegregate leading to mixed improvements in academic opportunities but contributing to massive white flight to the suburbs.<\/p>\r\n

Congress creates Community Development Block Grant program.<\/p>\r\n1977<\/strong>\r\n

Jimmy Carter elected President.<\/p>\r\n

Community Reinvestment Act passed by Congress holding banks accountable for their mortgage lending activity.<\/p>\r\n

Dennis Kucinich elected Mayor.<\/p>\r\n1978<\/strong>\r\n

Cleveland Municipal loan default.<\/p>\r\n1979<\/strong>\r\n

George Voinovich elected Mayor.<\/p>\r\n1980<\/strong>\r\n

Cleveland Municipal Housing Court established by the Ohio General Assembly.<\/p>\r\n1981<\/strong>\r\n

Cleveland Housing Network formed.<\/p>\r\n

Ronald Reagan elected President.<\/p>\r\n1981<\/strong>\r\n

Cleveland Tomorrow, a private civic organization made up of CEOs of the largest companies in the Cleveland area is created.<\/p>\r\n1982<\/strong>\r\n

Reclaim America brings 600 demonstrators to the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club to protest neighborhood disinvestment. Action leads to a shift in support for community organizing by funders.<\/p>\r\n1983<\/strong>\r\n

Richard Celeste elected Governor of Ohio.<\/p>\r\n1984<\/strong>\r\n

Ohio legislature passes Housing receivership legislation allowing CDCs to repair abandoned properties.<\/p>\r\n1986<\/strong>\r\n

Lexington Village Housing project in Hough - the first large scale development in Cleveland since the Stokes era.<\/p>\r\n

The Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program is established by Congress.<\/p>\r\n1988<\/strong>\r\n

Neighborhood Progress Inc. created.<\/p>\r\n1990<\/strong>\r\n

Michael White elected as Mayor. Emphasis on new market rate housing construction at scale, Gateway Sports and Entertainment district, support for CDCs, and ending court ordered school desegregation.<\/p>\r\n1991<\/strong>\r\n

George Voinovich elected as Ohio Governor<\/p>\r\n

Shore Bank Cleveland established.<\/p>\r\n

Village Capital incorporated as wholly owned subsidiary of NPI.<\/p>\r\n1993<\/strong>\r\n

Bill Clinton elected President.<\/p>\r\n

Congress passes Empowerment Zone initiative. Cleveland awarded a supplemental designation in 1994.<\/p>\r\n

De-regulation of US banking industry with repeal of Glass-Steagall Act.<\/p>\r\n1996<\/strong>\r\n

Congress passes the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (TANF) to \u201cend welfare as we know it\u201d<\/p>\r\n1996-2006<\/strong>\r\n

NPI and its CDC partners initiative a range of major projects beginning with Nehemiah Homes, the Fries and Schuele bloc, Dave\u2019s Super Markets and redevelopment of the St. Lukes Hospital campus.<\/p>\r\n2001<\/strong>\r\n

George W. Bush elected President.<\/p>\r\n

Jane Campbell elected as Cleveland Mayor.<\/p>\r\n2004 <\/strong>\r\n

Greater Cleveland Partnership is formed through the merger of Cleveland Tomorrow, Greater Cleveland Growth Association, the Greater Cleveland Roundtable, and the Council of Smaller Enterprises.<\/p>\r\n

Vacant Property Action Council formed.<\/p>\r\n2005<\/strong>\r\n

Frank Jackson elected Cleveland mayor pledging to make city government work for those who have less.<\/p>\r\n2007 <\/strong>\r\n

Mortgage foreclosure crisis and the Great Recession.<\/p>\r\n2008<\/strong>\r\n

The federal Neighborhood Stabilization Program established by Congress to restore housing markets through selective demolition and housing rehab.<\/p>\r\n2009<\/strong>\r\n

Barak Obama is elected President.<\/p>\r\n

Cuyahoga Land Bank is created.<\/p>\r\n

2010<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Voters approve new Cuyahoga County governance structure with 11 County Council members and a Chief executive officer following the conviction of more than 3 dozen public officials and private contractors for public corruption.<\/p>\r\n

Leadership transition at NPI.<\/p>","rendered":"

1967<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carl Stokes elected Mayor<\/p>\n

Hough Area Development Corporation formed.<\/p>\n

1969<\/strong><\/p>\n

Commission on Catholic Community Action supports community organizing.<\/p>\n

1973<\/strong><\/p>\n

Detroit Shoreway Community Development established.<\/p>\n

1974<\/strong><\/p>\n

Congress passes the Community Development Block Grant program the leading source of federal funding for community development corporations and neighborhood projects.<\/p>\n

1976<\/strong><\/p>\n

Federal judge Frank Battisti orders the Cleveland School District to desegregate leading to mixed improvements in academic opportunities but contributing to massive white flight to the suburbs.<\/p>\n

Congress creates Community Development Block Grant program.<\/p>\n

1977<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jimmy Carter elected President.<\/p>\n

Community Reinvestment Act passed by Congress holding banks accountable for their mortgage lending activity.<\/p>\n

Dennis Kucinich elected Mayor.<\/p>\n

1978<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cleveland Municipal loan default.<\/p>\n

1979<\/strong><\/p>\n

George Voinovich elected Mayor.<\/p>\n

1980<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cleveland Municipal Housing Court established by the Ohio General Assembly.<\/p>\n

1981<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cleveland Housing Network formed.<\/p>\n

Ronald Reagan elected President.<\/p>\n

1981<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cleveland Tomorrow, a private civic organization made up of CEOs of the largest companies in the Cleveland area is created.<\/p>\n

1982<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reclaim America brings 600 demonstrators to the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club to protest neighborhood disinvestment. Action leads to a shift in support for community organizing by funders.<\/p>\n

1983<\/strong><\/p>\n

Richard Celeste elected Governor of Ohio.<\/p>\n

1984<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ohio legislature passes Housing receivership legislation allowing CDCs to repair abandoned properties.<\/p>\n

1986<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lexington Village Housing project in Hough – the first large scale development in Cleveland since the Stokes era.<\/p>\n

The Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program is established by Congress.<\/p>\n

1988<\/strong><\/p>\n

Neighborhood Progress Inc. created.<\/p>\n

1990<\/strong><\/p>\n

Michael White elected as Mayor. Emphasis on new market rate housing construction at scale, Gateway Sports and Entertainment district, support for CDCs, and ending court ordered school desegregation.<\/p>\n

1991<\/strong><\/p>\n

George Voinovich elected as Ohio Governor<\/p>\n

Shore Bank Cleveland established.<\/p>\n

Village Capital incorporated as wholly owned subsidiary of NPI.<\/p>\n

1993<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bill Clinton elected President.<\/p>\n

Congress passes Empowerment Zone initiative. Cleveland awarded a supplemental designation in 1994.<\/p>\n

De-regulation of US banking industry with repeal of Glass-Steagall Act.<\/p>\n

1996<\/strong><\/p>\n

Congress passes the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (TANF) to \u201cend welfare as we know it\u201d<\/p>\n

1996-2006<\/strong><\/p>\n

NPI and its CDC partners initiative a range of major projects beginning with Nehemiah Homes, the Fries and Schuele bloc, Dave\u2019s Super Markets and redevelopment of the St. Lukes Hospital campus.<\/p>\n

2001<\/strong><\/p>\n

George W. Bush elected President.<\/p>\n

Jane Campbell elected as Cleveland Mayor.<\/p>\n

2004 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Greater Cleveland Partnership is formed through the merger of Cleveland Tomorrow, Greater Cleveland Growth Association, the Greater Cleveland Roundtable, and the Council of Smaller Enterprises.<\/p>\n

Vacant Property Action Council formed.<\/p>\n

2005<\/strong><\/p>\n

Frank Jackson elected Cleveland mayor pledging to make city government work for those who have less.<\/p>\n

2007 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mortgage foreclosure crisis and the Great Recession.<\/p>\n

2008<\/strong><\/p>\n

The federal Neighborhood Stabilization Program established by Congress to restore housing markets through selective demolition and housing rehab.<\/p>\n

2009<\/strong><\/p>\n

Barak Obama is elected President.<\/p>\n

Cuyahoga Land Bank is created.<\/p>\n

2010<\/strong><\/p>\n

Voters approve new Cuyahoga County governance structure with 11 County Council members and a Chief executive officer following the conviction of more than 3 dozen public officials and private contractors for public corruption.<\/p>\n

Leadership transition at NPI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"back-matter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-346","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":482,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/346\/revisions\/482"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/346\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=346"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=346"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/community-development-cleveland-eh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}