{"id":204,"date":"2019-08-01T14:45:22","date_gmt":"2019-08-01T14:45:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/chapter\/12-7-apa-citations-references\/"},"modified":"2026-03-11T20:52:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T20:52:22","slug":"12-7-apa-citations-references","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/chapter\/12-7-apa-citations-references\/","title":{"rendered":"12.7 APA Citations: References"},"content":{"raw":"APA is a common documentation style used in the social sciences (e.g. psychology, sociology, education, criminology), business, nursing, linguistics, and composition. While the style, organization, and formatting of APA differ from MLA, similarities between the two styles remain. For example, to avoid plagiarism, provide readers with important source-related information, and give credit where credit is due, you must include bibliographic information at the end of the document (the Reference page) and in-text citations in the form of signal phrases and\/or parenthetical citations. You should also double-space the entire document, use Times New Roman, 12 point font, and 1 inch margins on all sides.\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\">The remainder of this section provides basic information pertaining to creating the Reference page. Information about formatting your paper and\/or incorporating APA headings can be found at the OWL of Purdue.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2><strong>Reference Page Entries<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Every source that you quote, paraphrase, or summarize in an essay must be included in your Reference page<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The Reference page should appear on its own page. It should include the header (i.e. abbreviated title with the page number in the righthand corner).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>At the start of your list, at the top margin of the page, center the word \u201cReferences.\u201d Do not bold, italicize, or use quotations marks. Do not change the font, font size, or color<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reference page entries are in the same font and double spacing as the rest of the paper<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Like MLA Work Cited pages, Reference page entries use hanging (also known as reverse) indentation, in which the first line of an entry is not indented, but all successive lines are indented, by .5\u201d.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sources need to be listed in alphabetical order by the first letter in each entry.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>If you have a source with no author, then that source will be alphabetized according to the first letter of its title<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The entries will not be numbered or presented as a series of bulleted points.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><strong>Examples of Reference Page Entries<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from an Academic Journal with DOI<\/em><\/h3>\r\nAuthor\u2019s last name, first initial. middle initial. (Year, Month Date Published). Title of the article. <em>Title of the Academic Journal, Volume # <\/em>(Issue #), page numbers, DOI.\r\n<h3><em>Example of an Article from an Academic Journal with DOI<\/em><\/h3>\r\nWerner, C. L. (2015). Speaking of composing (frameworks): New media discussions, 2000-2010. <em>Computers and Composition, 37<\/em>, 55-72. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compcom.2015\/06.005\r\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from an Academic Journal with no DOI<\/em><\/h3>\r\nAuthor\u2019s last name, first initial. middle initial. (Year, Month Date Published). Title of the article. <em>Title of the Academic Journal, Volume # <\/em>(Issue #), page numbers, URL.\r\n<h3><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><em>Example of <\/em><em>an Article from an Academic Journal with no DOI<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<em>\u00a0<\/em>Yancey, K. B. (2004). Made not only in words: Composition in a new key. <em>College Composition and Communication, 56<\/em>(2), 297-328. <span style=\"color: #800000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4140651\" style=\"color: #800000\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4140651<\/a><\/span>\r\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from an online magazine<\/em><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nAuthor, A. A., &amp; Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article.\u00a0<em>Title of Online Periodical, volume number<\/em>(issue number if available).\r\nhttps:\/\/www.someaddress.com\/full\/url\/\r\n<h3><em>Example of an Article from an online magazine<\/em><\/h3>\r\nWong, A. (2015, April). Digital natives, yet strangers to the web. <em>The Atlantic<\/em>. https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/education\/archive\/2015\/04\/digital-natives-yet-strangers-to-the-web\/390990\/\r\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from a Website with an Author<\/em><\/h3>\r\nLast, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. URL.\r\n<h3><em>Example of <\/em><em>an Article from a Website with an Author<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\r\nBraziller, A. &amp; Kleinfeld, E. (2015). Myths of multimodal composing. <span style=\"color: #800000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalrhetoriccollaborative.org\/2015\/09\/03\/myths-of-multimodal-composing\/\" style=\"color: #800000\">http:\/\/www.digitalrhetoriccollaborative.org\/2015\/09\/03\/myths-of-multimodal-composing\/<\/a><\/span>\r\n<h3><em>Example with an Organization as Author<\/em><\/h3>\r\nNational Council of Teachers of English. (2005, November). <em>Position statement on multimodal literacies. <\/em>http:\/\/www.ncte.org\/positions\/statements\/multimodalliteracies\r\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from a Website with No Author<\/em><\/h3>\r\nTitle. (Year, Month Date Published). URL.\r\n<h3>Example of an Article from a Website with No Author<\/h3>\r\nMobile campus laptop loan program (2019). <span style=\"color: #800000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csuohio.edu\/services-for-students\/mobile-campus\" style=\"color: #800000\">https:\/\/www.csuohio.edu\/services-for-students\/mobile-campus<\/a><\/span>\r\n<h2><strong>What is the DOI?<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nDOI stands for \u201cdigital object identifier\u201d and it helps categorize scholarly articles. However, not all scholarly articles will have a DOI. If that is the case, then you should provide the URL where you retrieved the article.\r\n<h2><strong>Sample Reference Page<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/lets-go-shopping\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/156\/2018\/06\/9.7-References-updated-1-300x232.png\" alt=\"Example of a \u201cReferences\u201d page with several citations formatted in APA style, with annotations pointing to examples of an academic journal article, a book chapter, a conference paper, and an article from an online magazine.\" width=\"624\" height=\"483\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-203\" \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>","rendered":"<p>APA is a common documentation style used in the social sciences (e.g. psychology, sociology, education, criminology), business, nursing, linguistics, and composition. While the style, organization, and formatting of APA differ from MLA, similarities between the two styles remain. For example, to avoid plagiarism, provide readers with important source-related information, and give credit where credit is due, you must include bibliographic information at the end of the document (the Reference page) and in-text citations in the form of signal phrases and\/or parenthetical citations. You should also double-space the entire document, use Times New Roman, 12 point font, and 1 inch margins on all sides.<\/p>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">The remainder of this section provides basic information pertaining to creating the Reference page. Information about formatting your paper and\/or incorporating APA headings can be found at the OWL of Purdue.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Reference Page Entries<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Every source that you quote, paraphrase, or summarize in an essay must be included in your Reference page<\/li>\n<li>The Reference page should appear on its own page. It should include the header (i.e. abbreviated title with the page number in the righthand corner).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>At the start of your list, at the top margin of the page, center the word \u201cReferences.\u201d Do not bold, italicize, or use quotations marks. Do not change the font, font size, or color<\/li>\n<li>Reference page entries are in the same font and double spacing as the rest of the paper<\/li>\n<li>Like MLA Work Cited pages, Reference page entries use hanging (also known as reverse) indentation, in which the first line of an entry is not indented, but all successive lines are indented, by .5\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Sources need to be listed in alphabetical order by the first letter in each entry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>If you have a source with no author, then that source will be alphabetized according to the first letter of its title<\/li>\n<li>The entries will not be numbered or presented as a series of bulleted points.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Examples of Reference Page Entries<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from an Academic Journal with DOI<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Author\u2019s last name, first initial. middle initial. (Year, Month Date Published). Title of the article. <em>Title of the Academic Journal, Volume # <\/em>(Issue #), page numbers, DOI.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Example of an Article from an Academic Journal with DOI<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Werner, C. L. (2015). Speaking of composing (frameworks): New media discussions, 2000-2010. <em>Computers and Composition, 37<\/em>, 55-72. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compcom.2015\/06.005<\/p>\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from an Academic Journal with no DOI<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Author\u2019s last name, first initial. middle initial. (Year, Month Date Published). Title of the article. <em>Title of the Academic Journal, Volume # <\/em>(Issue #), page numbers, URL.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><em>Example of <\/em><em>an Article from an Academic Journal with no DOI<\/em><\/h3>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em>Yancey, K. B. (2004). Made not only in words: Composition in a new key. <em>College Composition and Communication, 56<\/em>(2), 297-328. <span style=\"color: #800000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4140651\" style=\"color: #800000\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4140651<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from an online magazine<\/em><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Author, A. A., &amp; Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article.\u00a0<em>Title of Online Periodical, volume number<\/em>(issue number if available).<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.someaddress.com\/full\/url\/<\/p>\n<h3><em>Example of an Article from an online magazine<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Wong, A. (2015, April). Digital natives, yet strangers to the web. <em>The Atlantic<\/em>. https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/education\/archive\/2015\/04\/digital-natives-yet-strangers-to-the-web\/390990\/<\/p>\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from a Website with an Author<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. URL.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Example of <\/em><em>an Article from a Website with an Author<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Braziller, A. &amp; Kleinfeld, E. (2015). Myths of multimodal composing. <span style=\"color: #800000\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalrhetoriccollaborative.org\/2015\/09\/03\/myths-of-multimodal-composing\/\" style=\"color: #800000\">http:\/\/www.digitalrhetoriccollaborative.org\/2015\/09\/03\/myths-of-multimodal-composing\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><em>Example with an Organization as Author<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>National Council of Teachers of English. (2005, November). <em>Position statement on multimodal literacies. <\/em>http:\/\/www.ncte.org\/positions\/statements\/multimodalliteracies<\/p>\n<h3><em>Formatting an Article from a Website with No Author<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Title. (Year, Month Date Published). URL.<\/p>\n<h3>Example of an Article from a Website with No Author<\/h3>\n<p>Mobile campus laptop loan program (2019). <span style=\"color: #800000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csuohio.edu\/services-for-students\/mobile-campus\" style=\"color: #800000\">https:\/\/www.csuohio.edu\/services-for-students\/mobile-campus<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>What is the DOI?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>DOI stands for \u201cdigital object identifier\u201d and it helps categorize scholarly articles. However, not all scholarly articles will have a DOI. If that is the case, then you should provide the URL where you retrieved the article.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Sample Reference Page<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/lets-go-shopping\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/156\/2018\/06\/9.7-References-updated-1-300x232.png\" alt=\"Example of a \u201cReferences\u201d page with several citations formatted in APA style, with annotations pointing to examples of an academic journal article, a book chapter, a conference paper, and an article from an online magazine.\" width=\"624\" height=\"483\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/156\/2018\/06\/9.7-References-updated-1-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/156\/2018\/06\/9.7-References-updated-1-768x593.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/156\/2018\/06\/9.7-References-updated-1-65x50.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/156\/2018\/06\/9.7-References-updated-1-225x174.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/156\/2018\/06\/9.7-References-updated-1-350x270.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/156\/2018\/06\/9.7-References-updated-1.png 771w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["melanie-gagich"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[68],"license":[],"class_list":["post-204","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-melanie-gagich"],"part":181,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":740,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/204\/revisions\/740"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/181"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/204\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=204"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=204"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csueng100101fall2023\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}