{"id":314,"date":"2026-04-27T17:05:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T17:05:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=314"},"modified":"2026-05-12T14:16:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T14:16:17","slug":"1952-399","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/chapter\/1952-399\/","title":{"rendered":"Harvest 1952.399"},"content":{"raw":"<h1><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clevelandart.org\/learn-with-us%2Feducation-art-collection%2Feducation-art?page=0&amp;search=1952.399\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 1: Harvest 1952.399<\/a><\/h1>\r\nBy Calvin Hellesen\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_176\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"960\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eacsandbox\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2026\/04\/BEST-PICTURE-OF-WALLACH-PRINT.png\" alt=\"German woodblock print, 1951, depicting German folk culture\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" class=\"wp-image-176 size-full\" \/> Photo Credit: Sabina Kretzschmar, 2026, Education Art Collection, Cleveland Museum of Art[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">Metadata<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<h2>Creator<\/h2>\r\nLiebhold Wallach inc.\r\n<h2>Date<\/h2>\r\n1951\r\n<h2>Culture<\/h2>\r\nGermany, Munich, 20th century\r\n<h2>Medium<\/h2>\r\nPrinted cotton, plain weave\r\n<h2>Credit Line<\/h2>\r\nThe Harold T. Clark Educational Extension Fund\r\n<h2>Description<\/h2>\r\nA white fabric with a blue printing of several simple adaptations of German cultural symbols associated with harvest. Includes depictions of a man and a woman, farm animals, houses, places of worship, and bands of flowers and banners in between depictions. Includes one Star of David per repetition of the print in the lower right. Print is repeated several times across the whole piece.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">Fun Fact<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nThis print design was not made for the first time in 1951, and had been a sample print of <a href=\"https:\/\/wallachproject.org\/the-wallach-story\/\">Liebhold and Wallach<\/a> for an unknown amount of time. The original sampler print, featuring only a small segment of the overall piece, does not feature the Star of David that is so prominent in the final piece.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/uploads.knightlab.com\/storymapjs\/80decaa241112f0484d5add8342bcf5f\/wallach-print-harvest-1951\/index.html[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/uploads.knightlab.com\/storymapjs\/80decaa241112f0484d5add8342bcf5f\/wallach-print-harvest-1951\/index.html\" class=\"button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open in New Tab<\/a>\r\n<h1><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1KmJ4t8EVr71nExUk9TmlQkNd4YnmyVIq\/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for a brief 5-minute discussion on the piece<\/a><\/h1>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TAn7dc2dLQYthlPmEBRSz5_k-QzY1A1v\/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transcript available here<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h1>Section 2: An <span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW246165838 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW246165838 BCX0\">Ethnoreligious Analysis of Jewish Symbolism<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\nBy Miriam Light\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"5\"]\r\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">Magen<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>David<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>(Sheild of David)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">There is a large Star of David, in Hebrew called a Magen<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>David<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>(Sheild of David)<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">, in the center of this fabric. The star of David is a six-sided star created by two overlapping<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW175785183 BCX0\">triangles,<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>one flipped downward while the other points upward. The Magen David is a sign of divine protection, or the inter-relationship between God and humanity within the Jewish religion. During the Holocaust, yellow stars were forced onto the clothing of Jews as a form of discrimination by the Nazi regime. This cloth, made in the 1950s by a Holocaust survivor, now proudly displays the Magen David in the center of the piece, reinventing the symbol as a form of resilience, ethnic pride, and God\u2019s absolute sovereignty.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\r\n<h2>Ties to Jewish Holidays<\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n<h3>Hannukah (Festival of Lights)<\/h3>\r\nThere are many elements of this cloth that reflect symbols associated with Hannukah, a Jewish festival of lights that takes place in late Autumn to early Winter every lunar year. First, in the bottom, middle of the image, there is a blue heart with an organic looking negative-space element. The element looks like a triangle that has been flipped upside down and then given a handle. This shape is almost identical to that of a dreidel, a spinning top with four sides. The dreidel is used in a traditional gambling game during Hannukah, where the different Hebrew letters on each side determine how much gelt or money one can take. Wherever the dreidel lands decide one\u2019s fate in the game. The letters are Nun, Gimel, Hey, and Shin.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n\r\nNun, or Nisht, means nothing, so the player would not get any gelt. A Nun is geometric in nature, almost looking like a backwards C in the English alphabet if it was more rectangular. In the animal directly below the heart that looks like it is a stylized cow, there is a shape near the nape leading towards the back of the cow that looks identical to the letter Nun.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n\r\nThis could be a mere coincidence, however, look at the center of the woman\u2019s top. This shape looks\u00a0very similar\u00a0to a W in the English alphabet, but if you look in the Hebrew, it is a Shin. A Shin\u00a0means\u00a0Stell\u00a0in\u00a0or\u00a0put\u00a0a piece of your gelt into the center of the game.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n\r\nNext, there is a Hey, meaning\u00a0Halb, or put half of your gelt into the center of the game, to the right of the blue heart, inside of an organic blue shape to the left of a flower-like figure. The Hey is like a rectangle with no bottom and has a slight break in its line near the top left corner.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n\r\nThe Gimel\u00a0was the hardest to find. However, if you look to the right of the heart with the leaf\u00a0-like shape, on the ribbon element, there appears to be a Gimel on its side. In the game of Dreidel, a Gimel means\u00a0Gantz, or that the player of the game gets all the gelt.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n\r\nI find it\u00a0absolutely fascinating\u00a0that not only is a Magen David present, but a dreidel and all four Hebrew letters found on a dreidel are included in this piece.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n<h3>Sukkot (Fall Harvest Festival)<\/h3>\r\nSukkot is a festival of the harvest celebrated in the lunar month of Tishrei. During Sukkot, the Jewish people create Sukkahs, or huts that one can still see the stars through, and preform a ritual where they shake the Etrog, a lemon like citrus fruit, and a Lulav, a frond of a date palm, in all six directions (north, south, east, west, up, and down) as a way of acknowledging God\u2019s divine sovereignty or his presence everywhere all at once, as commanded. It is a celebration of agricultural abundance and thanks to God for providing food and a harvest to His people.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n\r\nThe Etrog, a lemon-like fruit that is shaped like a football, can be seen to the right of the woman who\u00a0appears to be\u00a0harvesting grains, in the center of the floral like element. Extending from either side looks almost identical to a Lulav, with its long, extending branches and tightly\u00a0place, skinny leaves. Even more interesting is the direction in which the viewer\u2019s eyes travel. First up, to where a cloud-like organic shape hovers. Then down, where the heart is. Then, there appears to be\u00a0not quite perpendicular\u00a0lines, but lines that outstretch in four different directions. That would mean there was an Etrog and Lulav, with elements guiding the eyes in six different directions surrounding it. Returning to the ritual Jews preform, the Etrog and the Lulav is shook in six different directions as biblically commanded.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n\r\nWhile I do not see a representation of a Sukkah on this cloth, I do see three stars in a row above a building with a perpendicular structure on top of it. Three stars is significant because for a Sukkah to be considered\u00a0kosher,\u00a0or\u00a0appropriate to\u00a0use for Jewish rituals, one must have to look up inside of a Sukkah and see at least three stars. Above the building on this piece, on the right side of the ribbon-like form underlapping the heart, there are three stars. Unlike the Magen David, these are five-pointed stars, typical to ones depicted when thinking of space. These are understood as secular stars or a geometric shape often associated with science, while\u00a0the Magen\u00a0David is religious. Including both, however, alludes to the \u201cthree-star rule\u201d in Judaism that is not only used on Sukkot, but also used to welcome and conclude Shabbat, the Jewish day of rest.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\r\nLooking at the elements, unity is easily created by visual literacy. The word harvest is in the name of the title, and each element flows together to create farm visuals. There\u00a0is\u00a0a man and a woman who\u00a0appear to be\u00a0carrying crops, hard at work, with the man\u2019s sleeves pulled back to show his muscles. The woman is holding a tool for harvesting and is dressed in a work apron. Farm animals such as roosters, cows, and horses appear in\u00a0pattern, as well as floral shapes that resemble nature. Combining this secular imagery with more esoteric symbols such as the Etrog and Lulav, along with the three stars, suggests a religious meaning behind this cloth.\r\n<h2>Further Reading<\/h2>\r\n<span data-teams=\"true\">Braz, Michael, and Stanley E. Romanstein. \u201cAdditional Chanukah Literature (Other Publishers).\u201d <i>The Choral Journal<\/i> 32, no. 4 (1991): 54\u201356.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-teams=\"true\">Ding, Peng. \u201cThree Occurrences of the Hyperbolic-Secant Distribution.\u201d <i>The American Statistician<\/i> 68, no. 1 (2014): 32\u201335. <a aria-label=\"Link http:\/\/www.jstor.org.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/stable\/24591588.\" id=\"menur13of\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/stable\/24591588.\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fui-Link ___1q1shib f2hkw1w f3rmtva f1ewtqcl fyind8e f1k6fduh f1w7gpdv fk6fouc fjoy568 figsok6 f1s184ao f1mk8lai fnbmjn9 f1o700av f13mvf36 f1cmlufx f9n3di6 f1ids18y f1tx3yz7 f1deo86v f1eh06m1 f1iescvh fhgqx19 f1olyrje f1p93eir f1nev41a f1h8hb77 f1lqvz6u f10aw75t fsle3fq f17ae5zn\" title=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/stable\/24591588.\"><\/a> <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-teams=\"true\">Greene, Dana M., and James R. Peacock. \u201cJudaism, Jewishness, and the Universal Symbols of Identity: Re-Sacralizing the Star of David and the Color Yellow.\u201d <i>Studies in American Jewish Literature (1981-)<\/i> 30 (2011): 80\u201398.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-teams=\"true\">Rubenstein, Jeffrey L. \u201cThe Origins and Ancient History of Sukkot.\u201d In <i>A History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods<\/i>. Brown Judaic Studies, 2020.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-teams=\"true\">Palm, Rose. \u201cOn the Symbolic Significance of the Star of David.\u201d <i>American Imago<\/i> 15, no. 2 (1958): 227\u201331.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Section 1 created by Calvin Hellesen for HIS 455 \"Power, Knowledge &amp; Gender\" at Cleveland State University, Spring 2026.<\/h3>\r\n<h3>Section 2 created by Miriam Light for HIS 555 \"Power, Knowledge &amp; Gender\" at Cleveland State University, Spring 2026.<\/h3>","rendered":"<h1><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clevelandart.org\/learn-with-us%2Feducation-art-collection%2Feducation-art?page=0&amp;search=1952.399\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section 1: Harvest 1952.399<\/a><\/h1>\n<p>By Calvin Hellesen<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_176\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-176\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eacsandbox\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/214\/2026\/04\/BEST-PICTURE-OF-WALLACH-PRINT.png\" alt=\"German woodblock print, 1951, depicting German folk culture\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" class=\"wp-image-176 size-full\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-176\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Sabina Kretzschmar, 2026, Education Art Collection, Cleveland Museum of Art<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h1 class=\"textbox__title\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">Metadata<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<h2>Creator<\/h2>\n<p>Liebhold Wallach inc.<\/p>\n<h2>Date<\/h2>\n<p>1951<\/p>\n<h2>Culture<\/h2>\n<p>Germany, Munich, 20th century<\/p>\n<h2>Medium<\/h2>\n<p>Printed cotton, plain weave<\/p>\n<h2>Credit Line<\/h2>\n<p>The Harold T. Clark Educational Extension Fund<\/p>\n<h2>Description<\/h2>\n<p>A white fabric with a blue printing of several simple adaptations of German cultural symbols associated with harvest. Includes depictions of a man and a woman, farm animals, houses, places of worship, and bands of flowers and banners in between depictions. Includes one Star of David per repetition of the print in the lower right. Print is repeated several times across the whole piece.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">Fun Fact<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>This print design was not made for the first time in 1951, and had been a sample print of <a href=\"https:\/\/wallachproject.org\/the-wallach-story\/\">Liebhold and Wallach<\/a> for an unknown amount of time. The original sampler print, featuring only a small segment of the overall piece, does not feature the Star of David that is so prominent in the final piece.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/uploads.knightlab.com\/storymapjs\/80decaa241112f0484d5add8342bcf5f\/wallach-print-harvest-1951\/index.html\" width=\"500\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/uploads.knightlab.com\/storymapjs\/80decaa241112f0484d5add8342bcf5f\/wallach-print-harvest-1951\/index.html\" class=\"button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open in New Tab<\/a><\/p>\n<h1><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1KmJ4t8EVr71nExUk9TmlQkNd4YnmyVIq\/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here for a brief 5-minute discussion on the piece<\/a><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1TAn7dc2dLQYthlPmEBRSz5_k-QzY1A1v\/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transcript available here<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Section 2: An <span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW246165838 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW246165838 BCX0\">Ethnoreligious Analysis of Jewish Symbolism<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>By Miriam Light<\/p>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-5\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"5\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Harvest\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">Magen<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span>David<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span>(Sheild of David)<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">There is a large Star of David, in Hebrew called a Magen<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span>David<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span>(Sheild of David)<span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">, in the center of this fabric. The star of David is a six-sided star created by two overlapping\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW175785183 BCX0\">triangles,<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW175785183 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span>one flipped downward while the other points upward. The Magen David is a sign of divine protection, or the inter-relationship between God and humanity within the Jewish religion. During the Holocaust, yellow stars were forced onto the clothing of Jews as a form of discrimination by the Nazi regime. This cloth, made in the 1950s by a Holocaust survivor, now proudly displays the Magen David in the center of the piece, reinventing the symbol as a form of resilience, ethnic pride, and God\u2019s absolute sovereignty.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Ties to Jewish Holidays<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<h3>Hannukah (Festival of Lights)<\/h3>\n<p>There are many elements of this cloth that reflect symbols associated with Hannukah, a Jewish festival of lights that takes place in late Autumn to early Winter every lunar year. First, in the bottom, middle of the image, there is a blue heart with an organic looking negative-space element. The element looks like a triangle that has been flipped upside down and then given a handle. This shape is almost identical to that of a dreidel, a spinning top with four sides. The dreidel is used in a traditional gambling game during Hannukah, where the different Hebrew letters on each side determine how much gelt or money one can take. Wherever the dreidel lands decide one\u2019s fate in the game. The letters are Nun, Gimel, Hey, and Shin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<p>Nun, or Nisht, means nothing, so the player would not get any gelt. A Nun is geometric in nature, almost looking like a backwards C in the English alphabet if it was more rectangular. In the animal directly below the heart that looks like it is a stylized cow, there is a shape near the nape leading towards the back of the cow that looks identical to the letter Nun.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<p>This could be a mere coincidence, however, look at the center of the woman\u2019s top. This shape looks\u00a0very similar\u00a0to a W in the English alphabet, but if you look in the Hebrew, it is a Shin. A Shin\u00a0means\u00a0Stell\u00a0in\u00a0or\u00a0put\u00a0a piece of your gelt into the center of the game.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<p>Next, there is a Hey, meaning\u00a0Halb, or put half of your gelt into the center of the game, to the right of the blue heart, inside of an organic blue shape to the left of a flower-like figure. The Hey is like a rectangle with no bottom and has a slight break in its line near the top left corner.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<p>The Gimel\u00a0was the hardest to find. However, if you look to the right of the heart with the leaf\u00a0-like shape, on the ribbon element, there appears to be a Gimel on its side. In the game of Dreidel, a Gimel means\u00a0Gantz, or that the player of the game gets all the gelt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<p>I find it\u00a0absolutely fascinating\u00a0that not only is a Magen David present, but a dreidel and all four Hebrew letters found on a dreidel are included in this piece.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<h3>Sukkot (Fall Harvest Festival)<\/h3>\n<p>Sukkot is a festival of the harvest celebrated in the lunar month of Tishrei. During Sukkot, the Jewish people create Sukkahs, or huts that one can still see the stars through, and preform a ritual where they shake the Etrog, a lemon like citrus fruit, and a Lulav, a frond of a date palm, in all six directions (north, south, east, west, up, and down) as a way of acknowledging God\u2019s divine sovereignty or his presence everywhere all at once, as commanded. It is a celebration of agricultural abundance and thanks to God for providing food and a harvest to His people.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<p>The Etrog, a lemon-like fruit that is shaped like a football, can be seen to the right of the woman who\u00a0appears to be\u00a0harvesting grains, in the center of the floral like element. Extending from either side looks almost identical to a Lulav, with its long, extending branches and tightly\u00a0place, skinny leaves. Even more interesting is the direction in which the viewer\u2019s eyes travel. First up, to where a cloud-like organic shape hovers. Then down, where the heart is. Then, there appears to be\u00a0not quite perpendicular\u00a0lines, but lines that outstretch in four different directions. That would mean there was an Etrog and Lulav, with elements guiding the eyes in six different directions surrounding it. Returning to the ritual Jews preform, the Etrog and the Lulav is shook in six different directions as biblically commanded.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<p>While I do not see a representation of a Sukkah on this cloth, I do see three stars in a row above a building with a perpendicular structure on top of it. Three stars is significant because for a Sukkah to be considered\u00a0kosher,\u00a0or\u00a0appropriate to\u00a0use for Jewish rituals, one must have to look up inside of a Sukkah and see at least three stars. Above the building on this piece, on the right side of the ribbon-like form underlapping the heart, there are three stars. Unlike the Magen David, these are five-pointed stars, typical to ones depicted when thinking of space. These are understood as secular stars or a geometric shape often associated with science, while\u00a0the Magen\u00a0David is religious. Including both, however, alludes to the \u201cthree-star rule\u201d in Judaism that is not only used on Sukkot, but also used to welcome and conclude Shabbat, the Jewish day of rest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>Looking at the elements, unity is easily created by visual literacy. The word harvest is in the name of the title, and each element flows together to create farm visuals. There\u00a0is\u00a0a man and a woman who\u00a0appear to be\u00a0carrying crops, hard at work, with the man\u2019s sleeves pulled back to show his muscles. The woman is holding a tool for harvesting and is dressed in a work apron. Farm animals such as roosters, cows, and horses appear in\u00a0pattern, as well as floral shapes that resemble nature. Combining this secular imagery with more esoteric symbols such as the Etrog and Lulav, along with the three stars, suggests a religious meaning behind this cloth.<\/p>\n<h2>Further Reading<\/h2>\n<p><span data-teams=\"true\">Braz, Michael, and Stanley E. Romanstein. \u201cAdditional Chanukah Literature (Other Publishers).\u201d <i>The Choral Journal<\/i> 32, no. 4 (1991): 54\u201356.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-teams=\"true\">Ding, Peng. \u201cThree Occurrences of the Hyperbolic-Secant Distribution.\u201d <i>The American Statistician<\/i> 68, no. 1 (2014): 32\u201335. <a aria-label=\"Link http:\/\/www.jstor.org.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/stable\/24591588.\" id=\"menur13of\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/stable\/24591588.\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fui-Link ___1q1shib f2hkw1w f3rmtva f1ewtqcl fyind8e f1k6fduh f1w7gpdv fk6fouc fjoy568 figsok6 f1s184ao f1mk8lai fnbmjn9 f1o700av f13mvf36 f1cmlufx f9n3di6 f1ids18y f1tx3yz7 f1deo86v f1eh06m1 f1iescvh fhgqx19 f1olyrje f1p93eir f1nev41a f1h8hb77 f1lqvz6u f10aw75t fsle3fq f17ae5zn\" title=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/stable\/24591588.\"><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-teams=\"true\">Greene, Dana M., and James R. Peacock. \u201cJudaism, Jewishness, and the Universal Symbols of Identity: Re-Sacralizing the Star of David and the Color Yellow.\u201d <i>Studies in American Jewish Literature (1981-)<\/i> 30 (2011): 80\u201398.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-teams=\"true\">Rubenstein, Jeffrey L. \u201cThe Origins and Ancient History of Sukkot.\u201d In <i>A History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods<\/i>. Brown Judaic Studies, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-teams=\"true\">Palm, Rose. \u201cOn the Symbolic Significance of the Star of David.\u201d <i>American Imago<\/i> 15, no. 2 (1958): 227\u201331.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Section 1 created by Calvin Hellesen for HIS 455 &#8220;Power, Knowledge &amp; Gender&#8221; at Cleveland State University, Spring 2026.<\/h3>\n<h3>Section 2 created by Miriam Light for HIS 555 &#8220;Power, Knowledge &amp; Gender&#8221; at Cleveland State University, Spring 2026.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":107,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["chellesen","mlight"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[74,75],"license":[],"class_list":["post-314","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-chellesen","contributor-mlight"],"part":202,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/314","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/107"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":390,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/314\/revisions\/390"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/202"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/314\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=314"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=314"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=314"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}