{"id":255,"date":"2018-07-18T18:48:21","date_gmt":"2018-07-18T18:48:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/calligraphy\/?post_type=chapter&p=255"},"modified":"2019-01-10T12:45:54","modified_gmt":"2019-01-10T12:45:54","slug":"stelae-calligraphy","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/intro-to-chinese-calligraphy\/chapter\/stelae-calligraphy\/","title":{"rendered":"The Stelae Calligraphy Style in the Northern and Southern Dynasties"},"content":{"raw":"
This chapter introduces the uniqueness of the Stelae style of writing that was to be inscribed in such diverse places as stone columns, cliffs and tablets. There is more information on regular script, too.<\/em><\/div>\r\n

Part I. Culture<\/h1>\r\nThe\u00a0Northern<\/em> and Southern<\/em> Dynasties\u00a0(\u5357\u5317\u671d\/n\u00e1n b\u011bi ch\u00e1o)\u00a0(420-589)\u00a0follow the Wei<\/em> and Jin<\/em> periods. It was\u00a0during this era that\u00a0northerners began to\u00a0adopt regular script as it developed from clerical script. Most noteworthy is that this type of script started to appear as engravings on stelae, upright stone columns or slabs. (Meanwhile, Wang Xizhi's running style remained popular in the south).\r\n\r\nBesides columns and slabs, the engravings were inscribed on tablets, monuments on cliffs, and epitaphs. Written during the Wei<\/em>, these engravings are said to reflect what is now known as the\u00a0Wei<\/em> Stelae Style<\/em> (\u9b4f\u7891\u4f53\/\u9b4f\u7891\u9ad4\/w\u00e8i b\u0113i t\u012d).\u00a0As a transitional style, this calligraphy style borrows from both clerical and regular characteristics. Characters are moderately flat and wide (less so than the clerical style) but appear tall (similar to regular style). Another feature is its series of angular strokes (\u65b9\u7b14\/\u65b9\u7b46\/f\u0101ng b\u012d). Figure 1 shows several famous ones.\u00a0For information, visit Read China\u00a0 \u8bfb\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nFigure 1: Wei Stelae calligraphy rubbings<\/i>\r\n

*<\/h3>\r\n

Part II. Calligraphy Writing<\/h1>\r\n

1 Brush Techniques: \u63d0\u7b14\/\u63d0\u7b46 and \u987f\u7b14\/\u9813\u7b46<\/h2>\r\n\u63d0\u7b14\/\u63d0\u7b46\/t\u00ed b\u012d and \u987f\u7b14\/\u9813\u7b46\/d\u00f9n b\u012d are typically used for stroke ending and turning. Unlike \u63d0 in Chapter 3, \u63d0\u7b14\/\u63d0\u7b46 is a quick-lifting brush movement; also\u00a0\u987f\u7b14\/\u9813\u7b46 is a quick press-down movement to make a part of a stroke. (Note: \u70b9\/\u9ede\/di\u0103n illustrated with the second picture in Figure 2. A pause must follow \u987f\u7b14\/\u9813\u7b46 - to make it possible to change writing direction quickly.)\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_932\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"378\"]\"\" Figure 2:\u00a0\u63d0\u7b14\/\u63d0\u7b46 and \u987f\u7b14\/\u9813\u7b46 movements[\/caption]\r\n

2 Stroke Writing<\/h2>\r\nAs described in Chapter 5, hooks (\u94a9\/\u920e) can end up being pointed to both right and left sides. Figure 3 lists four types of rightward hooks. Technically, the last stroke in Figure 3 is not a hook. Rather it is a rising stroke. But the stroke and the stroke coming earlier in stroke order are often written as one stroke. For example, there is no break between these two strokes, so it is included in the hook category.\r\n\r\nLike the leftward hooks, the rightward hooks\u00a0are accomplished with a sudden change of brush direction followed by a swift pointed end. Again, the correct way of writing hooks, in general, is to follow these steps: first, pause at the turning point; change writing direction; and then make the triangular-like hook end.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nFigure 3: Rightward hooks<\/i>\r\n

3 Characters<\/h2>\r\n

3.1 Stroke Order<\/h4>\r\nArch Chinese<\/a> lists 12 rules of Chinese character writing order. Below are Rules 10 and 11:\r\n\r\nRule 10: Outside before inside (e.g., \u51e1)<\/em>\r\n\r\nRule 11: Inside or upper-right dots last (\u51e1 and \u6210)<\/em>\r\n\r\nFor details, visit the Arch Chinese website.\u00a0Yellowbridge Online Dictionary<\/a> can also provide additional information.\r\n

3.2 Characters<\/h4>\r\n\u5316\/hu\u00e0: to change; \u5fc3\/x\u012bn: heart; \u6210\/ch\u00e9ng: to succeed; \u51e1\/f\u00e1n, all; \u5207\/qi\u0113, to cut\/qi\u00e8, anxious\r\n

3.3 Sample characters<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/td>\r\n\"\"<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

3.4\u00a0Writing<\/h4>\r\n