{"id":25,"date":"2022-02-23T13:10:11","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T13:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/?post_type=chapter&p=25"},"modified":"2022-05-19T19:14:41","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T19:14:41","slug":"chapter-3-have-a-blast-with-1100-on-your-am-dial","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/chapter\/chapter-3-have-a-blast-with-1100-on-your-am-dial\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 3: Have a Blast with 1100 on Your AM Dial"},"content":{"raw":"The introduction of <\/span>a <\/span>new, <\/span>fun-<\/span>packed <\/span>program <\/span>called <\/span>\u201cOn the Go\u201d <\/span>and a <\/span>rejuvenated <\/span>\u201cAlmanac\u201d <\/span>show <\/span>helped to <\/span>re<\/span>vitalize <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>morning <\/span>lineup<\/span> in <\/span>the winter of <\/span>19<\/span>5<\/span>7.[footnote]\u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>January 3, 1957.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>February<\/span>, <\/span>McGannon<\/span> celebrated National Electrical Week<\/span> by <\/span>remind<\/span>ing <\/span>everyone <\/span>about <\/span>Thomas Edison\u2019s many <\/span>contribution<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>o th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>important <\/span>fiel<\/span>d.[footnote]\u201cNow is the Time for All Good Men,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span> Telecasting, <\/span><\/em>T<\/em>he Business Weekly of Television and Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> <\/span>February 4, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>D<\/span>azzling <\/span>advertising, <\/span>exclusive <\/span>interviews a<\/span>nd <\/span>fun <\/span>tours of the <\/span>Superior <\/span>Building\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>studio<\/span>s <\/span>highlighted that week-long<\/span> event<\/span>. To<\/span> <\/span>honor <\/span>its <\/span>first anniversary<\/span> in Cleveland<\/span>, <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>sponsor<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>Valentine\u2019s Day party called <\/span>\u201cThe Twin Heats Ball<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> Hosted by <\/span>a <\/span>popular <\/span>celebrity <\/span>and singer <\/span>Helen O\u2019Connell<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>all of <\/span>its <\/span>proceeds <\/span>went to <\/span>charit<\/span>ie<\/span>s.[footnote]Tom O\u2019Connell, \u201cHelen O\u2019Connell Looks Forward to Starring Here in Hearts Ball,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 9, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A <\/span>former <\/span>WTAM<\/span>-Radio<\/span> announcer and <\/span>Hollywood star named J<\/span>im Backus<\/span> (1913-1989)<\/span> <\/span>made a<\/span> <\/span>guest <\/span>appearance <\/span>on <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>new <\/span>night<\/span>time<\/span> <\/span>talk show <\/span>known as <\/span>\u201cDimensions<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[footnote]Tom<\/span> O\u2019Connell, \u201cWEWS Completes Move Friday,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 10, 1957. George E. Condon, \u201cCleveland\u2019s Backus Gets TV Charge,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain <\/span>Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em>, April 14, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>While there h<\/span>e presented <\/span>the <\/span>station with <\/span>his latest <\/span>\u201cMr. Magoo\u201d album. <\/span>Backus\u2019s nephew Johnny Bell <\/span>was <\/span>one of <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>bright<\/span>est<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>radio <\/span>stars<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>February <\/span>\u2018<\/span>57 <\/span>ratings <\/span>s<\/span>howed <\/span>1100 AM <\/span>still <\/span>at the top <\/span>of <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>heap<\/span>,<\/span> and why not?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Eighty-nine percent <\/span>of <\/span>all <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>ers<\/span> <\/span>listen<\/span>ed <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>KYW <\/span>each and <\/span>every <\/span>morning<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>According to <\/span>the <\/span>latest <\/span>Nielsen <\/span>ratings <\/span>it <\/span>led its closest <\/span>rival <\/span>by <\/span>nearly<\/span> <\/span>9<\/span>3<\/span>%.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWe Clobbered \u2018<\/span>em<\/span> in Cleveland,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> <\/span>February 25, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Such a <\/span>convincing <\/span>lead <\/span>encouraged <\/span>Don <\/span>McGannon to <\/span>recommend <\/span>that <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>executives <\/span>throughout the country <\/span>should <\/span>hop on <\/span>the W<\/span>BC <\/span>bandwagon.<\/span> He said <\/span>it <\/span>would be silly <\/span>for them <\/span>not to <\/span>do <\/span>s<\/span>o.[footnote]\u201cBroadcasters Told to Change Formats,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 28, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe second half of <\/span>the <\/span>\u2018<\/span>50s <\/span>signified <\/span>a <\/span>time <\/span>of <\/span>rapid <\/span>change<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>throughout <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span>. <\/span>R<\/span>ecogniz<\/span>ing <\/span>that industry\u2019s <\/span>impressive<\/span> <\/span>recent <\/span>growth<\/span> <\/span>l<\/span>ed <\/span>the U.S. Bureau of Labor <\/span>to <\/span>devote<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>n entire <\/span>section <\/span>of its <\/span>latest <\/span>edition of <\/span><\/span>Occupational Outlook Handbook<\/span><\/span><\/em> to <\/span>radio and television a<\/span>nnouncer<\/span>s.[footnote]Bureau of Labor Stats, \u201cRadio and Television Announcers,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Occupational Outlook Handbook<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As it <\/span>noted<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>currently <\/span>employed <\/span>a<\/span>round <\/span>ten thousand<\/span>. They <\/span>read <\/span>commercials<\/span> and <\/span>news<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>introduced <\/span>program<\/span>s<\/span> and station identifications<\/span>. Th<\/span>ose broadcasters <\/span>also <\/span>interview<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>studio <\/span>guests a<\/span>nd <\/span>serve<\/span>d<\/span> as Masters of Ceremonies at major events. Salaries for those announcers varied greatly based on market size, fees and commissions. In large urban markets, DJs could earn more than $10,000 a year.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote] Often required to work both evenings and weekends, the announcer\u2019s workday encompassed preparation as well as broadcasting time. Maintaining a loyal listening audience required local radio stations to go beyond just playing records and promoting friendly banter. For example, radio personalities had to participate regularly in community events. All of that was considered essential for successful broadcasters.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nR<\/span>eworking and updating <\/span>popular <\/span>programs <\/span>to <\/span>better <\/span>reflect <\/span>changing<\/span> <\/span>public <\/span>demands <\/span>w<\/span>as<\/span> <\/span>expected<\/span> industry-wide<\/span>.<\/span> In the case of <\/span>KYW<\/span>-<\/span>11<\/span>, its <\/span>many intelligent <\/span>celebr<\/span>ities <\/span>did not hesitate<\/span> <\/span>to experiment<\/span> in <\/span>previously <\/span>un<\/span>tested <\/span>waters<\/span> if <\/span>such actions might <\/span>help to <\/span>improve their ratings<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Topping that <\/span>list of innovative <\/span>young <\/span>announcers <\/span>was <\/span>KYW\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>own <\/span>Wes Hopkins<\/span>. He<\/span> <\/span>epitomized <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>kind of <\/span>self-<\/span>confiden<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>disc jockey <\/span>who <\/span>didn\u2019t hesitate to <\/span>push the envelope<\/span>. <\/span>In his case, <\/span>he <\/span>hosted <\/span>a<\/span>n exciting <\/span>new <\/span>music<\/span>al <\/span>show <\/span>called <\/span>\u201cBirdland Stars of \u201957<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> Broadcasted <\/span>life from the <\/span>Halle Brothers<\/span> Department Store<\/span> downtown<\/span>, <\/span>Hopkins <\/span>interviewed <\/span>some of <\/span>the <\/span>greatest <\/span>jazz <\/span>artists <\/span>of <\/span>that<\/span> time<\/span>. <\/span>They included m<\/span>usic<\/span> legends <\/span>like <\/span>Count Basie <\/span>(1904-1984) <\/span>and Bud Powell <\/span>(1924-1966) <\/span>along with <\/span>promising <\/span>young <\/span>singers <\/span>such as <\/span>Jeri Southern<\/span> (1926-1991)<\/span> and Sarah Vaughn<\/span> (1924-1990)<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cBirdland Stars of \u201857\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>March 10, 1957.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Extending the bounds of broadcasting, exceptional new o<\/span>fferings <\/span>including <\/span>\u201cBirdland Stars of \u201857<\/span>\u201d <\/span>only added to <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>growing <\/span>reputation for <\/span>providing <\/span>some of <\/span>the <\/span>best <\/span>shows<\/span> in<\/span> town<\/span>. <\/span>But, it <\/span>included <\/span>much <\/span>more than <\/span>just presenting <\/span>outstanding <\/span>new <\/span>programs<\/span> to eager<\/span>ly awaiting<\/span> audience<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>Relying on <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>devices <\/span>such <\/span>as <\/span>speedy <\/span>mobile units, <\/span>the latest <\/span>phone<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>ystems<\/span> and <\/span>high quality <\/span>tape recorders <\/span>gave that <\/span>award winning <\/span>station <\/span>a cutting edge over <\/span>the <\/span>rest<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Being able to <\/span>keep <\/span>c<\/span>osts <\/span>down <\/span>while <\/span>getting the biggest bang for the buck<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>enabled <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>discerning <\/span>sales force <\/span>to take full advantage of any<\/span> <\/span>spot advertising<\/span> <\/span>chances <\/span>that might <\/span>suddenly <\/span>appear<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>literally <\/span>blew the competition <\/span>away by <\/span>consistently <\/span>offering <\/span>perspective<\/span> advertisers <\/span>reasonably <\/span>priced<\/span> <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing<\/span> time<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As they said <\/span>themselves <\/span>\u201cit <\/span>has proven to be importantly less expensive to reach more people by KYW radio than any other mediu<\/span>m now available in Cleveland.\u201d<\/span>[footnote]\u201cGo Ahead. . .Read Our Mail,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 18, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThis station <\/span>also led <\/span>its chief <\/span>competitors <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>discussing <\/span>difficult <\/span>community <\/span>problems <\/span>a<\/span>s well as <\/span>personal <\/span>matters<\/span>. <\/span>That became <\/span>apparent <\/span>as <\/span>early<\/span> as <\/span>June <\/span>\u2018<\/span>57 <\/span>when <\/span>a <\/span>KYW <\/span>newscaster<\/span> <\/span>named <\/span>Aaron Jackson <\/span>conducted an in-depth interview with <\/span>Common Pleas Court Justice Samuel Silbert<\/span> (1883-1976)<\/span>. They <\/span>pondered <\/span>the <\/span>major <\/span>reasons <\/span>leading to <\/span>the <\/span>growing <\/span>backlog <\/span>in the <\/span>court <\/span>docket<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>ystem<\/span> a<\/span>nd <\/span>wh<\/span>at prompted <\/span>the <\/span>astounding <\/span>increase in the <\/span>number of <\/span>divorce cases<\/span> during the past year<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cSilvers is Sterling and Benny\u2019s a Gem,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 6, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Other <\/span>radio <\/span>giant<\/span>s <\/span>in Cleveland <\/span>r<\/span>ar<\/span>ely<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>if ever<\/span>,<\/span> went be<\/span>yond <\/span>the <\/span>surface<\/span> <\/span>when <\/span>it came to <\/span>discussing <\/span>such <\/span>matters<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Later that month, <\/span>KYW-<\/span>radio <\/span>again <\/span>surged ahead <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>ratings<\/span> <\/span>when it <\/span>introduced <\/span>its <\/span>lat<\/span>est <\/span>offering an in-depth <\/span>nighttime <\/span>talk show<\/span>. Called<\/span> \u201cProgram PM<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>t<\/span>his <\/span>two hour <\/span>program <\/span>dared <\/span>to be different<\/span>. Hosted by <\/span>former WDOK celebrity <\/span>Bud Wendell <\/span>(b. 1923)<\/span>;<\/span> \u201cProgram PM\u201d<\/span> <\/span>prided itself on <\/span>its no holds <\/span>a<\/span>pproach <\/span>towards some of that <\/span>are<\/span>a\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>provocative <\/span>issue<\/span>s.[footnote]\u201cKYW to Air PM,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 18, 1957.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0N<\/span>ot only <\/span>did <\/span>Bud <\/span>Wendell <\/span>converse with <\/span>prominent <\/span>business, <\/span>civic, <\/span>community <\/span>and health leaders<\/span> on <\/span>countless <\/span>crucial matters<\/span>; but also<\/span>, <\/span>high profile <\/span>celebrities<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>even <\/span>some infamous <\/span>characters<\/span> <\/span>that had <\/span>ma<\/span>de <\/span>the <\/span>recent <\/span>headlines<\/span>. <\/span>He <\/span>also <\/span>explored <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>highly <\/span>respected <\/span>cultural <\/span>scene<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Hailed <\/span>for its <\/span>diversity<\/span>, <\/span>radio <\/span>programmers <\/span>throughout the <\/span>nation <\/span>increasingly <\/span>wondered <\/span>whether <\/span>the<\/span>ir time would be better spent broadcasting <\/span>similar <\/span>talk shows<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, t<\/span>he verdict was <\/span>still <\/span>out <\/span>as to <\/span>how far <\/span>KYW-R<\/span>adio<\/span> <\/span>might <\/span>better <\/span>serve <\/span>the <\/span>growing needs of <\/span>their <\/span>locally-grown <\/span>tee<\/span>n<\/span>age audience<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nMany <\/span>lead<\/span>ing <\/span>the <\/span>opposi<\/span>tion to <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music f<\/span>irmly <\/span>believed <\/span>that it <\/span>would <\/span>disappear <\/span>once young <\/span>people discovered <\/span>something <\/span>better<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In fact, m<\/span>any <\/span>of the area\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>conservative <\/span>religious leaders <\/span>showed <\/span>little<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>if any, <\/span>sympathy<\/span> <\/span>regarding <\/span>this <\/span>latest <\/span>music<\/span>al<\/span> craze<\/span>. <\/span>Some <\/span>went so far as to <\/span>suggest<\/span> that <\/span>it<\/span>s wild <\/span>sounding <\/span>music and <\/span>provocative <\/span>lyrics<\/span> <\/span>encourag<\/span>ed <\/span>violence<\/span> among teens and <\/span>y<\/span>oung adults<\/span>. <\/span>However, <\/span>its <\/span>growing number of <\/span>s<\/span>upporters claimed <\/span>that rock and roll music <\/span>w<\/span>a<\/span>s<\/span> a<\/span> <\/span>positive <\/span>good<\/span>. It <\/span>provi<\/span>d<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>teenagers <\/span>a <\/span>safe <\/span>harbor for them <\/span>to <\/span>unleash <\/span>their pent up <\/span>emotions<\/span>. <\/span>For t<\/span>h<\/span>os<\/span>e kids want<\/span>ing <\/span>a musical form of their own rock and roll was <\/span>definitely<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span>t.[footnote]Tom O\u2019Donnell, \u201cRock \u2018n\u2019 Roll Dying, Jockey Carney Says,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>June 22, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Many <\/span>of its most ardent supporters within <\/span>the record<\/span>ing world <\/span>itself repeatedly reminded everyone that rock and roll music was supposed to be fun for everyone in the family. KYW-Cleveland took the many benefits attributed to late \u201950s rock and roll music very much to heart. Its promoters incessantly plugged it. The talk show \u201cProgram PM\u201d also did its part to help by involving teens in pertinent discussions on that very issue.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nD<\/span>id th<\/span>at <\/span>extraordinary <\/span>surge in the popularity of rock and roll music convince <\/span>the bulk of <\/span>KYW-radio <\/span>programmers <\/span>to <\/span>set<\/span> <\/span>aside <\/span>their <\/span>mid<\/span>dle-if-the-<\/span>road musical format for <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>new <\/span>phenomenon<\/span>? In light of <\/span>1957 <\/span>audience <\/span>preferences <\/span>one would have to say <\/span>no. <\/span>In fact, <\/span>1100 AM <\/span>p<\/span>rided itself on p<\/span>lay<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>all kinds <\/span>of <\/span>music<\/span> <\/span>during<\/span> the Fabulous Fifties<\/span>. <\/span>Given the fact th<\/span>at <\/span>variety <\/span>was<\/span> <\/span>the spice of life, it <\/span>made <\/span>perfect <\/span>sense <\/span>for <\/span>KYW <\/span>programmers<\/span> <\/span>to<\/span> do just that<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Playing a <\/span>wide selection <\/span>of record<\/span>ing<\/span>s<\/span> along with <\/span>community bulletin boards, news, time and weather <\/span>was <\/span>much appreciated by <\/span>local <\/span>listene<\/span>r<\/span>s. <\/span>Simply supplying <\/span>random <\/span>records <\/span>with <\/span>use<\/span>less <\/span>chatter<\/span> <\/span>no longer <\/span>was <\/span>enough <\/span>for <\/span>the<\/span> ever<\/span> <\/span>changing <\/span>radio biz<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cFor Westinghouse WBC\u2019s Year-Old Non-Network Status,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 8, 1957.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he fact that <\/span>many <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>advertisers <\/span>still <\/span>preferred <\/span>th<\/span>e middle-of-the-road <\/span>approach<\/span> towards<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting<\/span> <\/span>weigh<\/span>ed<\/span> heav<\/span>il<\/span>y <\/span>on <\/span>less traditional <\/span>promoters who increasingly <\/span>favor<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>the new <\/span>Top 40<\/span> variety of<\/span> radio<\/span>. <\/span>However, <\/span>traditional <\/span>advertisers and <\/span>radio <\/span>managers<\/span> <\/span>gradually <\/span>acknowledge<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>importance of catering <\/span>more t<\/span>o <\/span>the needs <\/span>and wants <\/span>of <\/span>younger<\/span> <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>over <\/span>their older <\/span>fan<\/span> ba<\/span>s<\/span>e<\/span>. This was true <\/span>even if th<\/span>eir actions <\/span>ultimately <\/span>resulted in th<\/span>em <\/span>having to <\/span>sacrific<\/span>e<\/span> their more <\/span>affluent<\/span>, traditional<\/span> listen<\/span>ers <\/span>for the <\/span>less well-off<\/span>,<\/span> younger set<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Periodic surveys<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>aken <\/span>by <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>,<\/span> enabled <\/span>their <\/span>sharp <\/span>program<\/span>mers <\/span>to <\/span>not only <\/span>stay <\/span>abreast <\/span>of <\/span>drastic <\/span>changes <\/span>occurring <\/span>in listening habits<\/span>; but also, <\/span>make <\/span>any adjustments <\/span>whenever necessary.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nUp-to-date <\/span>p<\/span>rogram<\/span> planning <\/span>generally <\/span>produced <\/span>high<\/span>er <\/span>ratings<\/span> and <\/span>large<\/span>r <\/span>listening <\/span>audience<\/span>s<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Everyone <\/span>in<\/span>volved in <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>knew that <\/span>was <\/span>true<\/span>. The <\/span>keen <\/span>business <\/span>insight <\/span>regularly <\/span>demonstrated <\/span>by <\/span>KYW radio <\/span>p<\/span>rogrammers <\/span>extended <\/span>far beyond <\/span>playing <\/span>the <\/span>same old <\/span>stack of <\/span>r<\/span>ecords <\/span>endorsed <\/span>by <\/span>long<\/span>-<\/span>established <\/span>trade journals. <\/span>Such <\/span>old hat <\/span>approach<\/span>es <\/span>towards broadcasting seemed <\/span>less and less appropriate <\/span>with<\/span>in this <\/span>new<\/span>, <\/span>winner<\/span>-<\/span>take<\/span>-<\/span>all<\/span> environment<\/span>. <\/span>Don McGannon was <\/span>absolutely correct<\/span> in his <\/span>latest <\/span>assessment<\/span> of <\/span>current <\/span>industry trends<\/span>. <\/span>He said that c<\/span>anny <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>demand<\/span>ed<\/span> that <\/span>their favorite <\/span>radio <\/span>stations <\/span>not only <\/span>play the <\/span>latest <\/span>hits<\/span>; but also, broadcast <\/span>up-to-the-minute <\/span>community programs, <\/span>news<\/span>casts<\/span>, sports, traffic<\/span> and <\/span>weather<\/span>. KYW<\/span>-Radio <\/span>precisely <\/span>followed those new<\/span>, <\/span>broadly <\/span>broadcasting guidelines<\/span>.<\/span>\r\n\r\nSimilar thinking <\/span>affected <\/span>the <\/span>FM <\/span>side <\/span>of <\/span>the<\/span> dial <\/span>even if <\/span>its <\/span>programming <\/span>needs were <\/span>different. <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>introduced <\/span>a<\/span> number <\/span>of <\/span>intellectual<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>stimulating <\/span>shows <\/span>intended <\/span>for <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>more astute <\/span>listen<\/span>ing audience<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Without a doubt, <\/span>FM radio <\/span>was changing<\/span> <\/span>both <\/span>the <\/span>breath and <\/span>scope of local <\/span>broadcasting<\/span> forever<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Once <\/span>viewed as little more than <\/span>a wasteland<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>FM ban<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>in the \u2018<\/span>50s had <\/span>beg<\/span>u<\/span>n <\/span>to <\/span>gain<\/span> <\/span>some <\/span>credi<\/span>bility <\/span>with industry leaders <\/span>as it <\/span>present<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>more and more <\/span>top <\/span>quality program<\/span>ming<\/span>. <\/span>In fact, <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Company <\/span>had <\/span>taken th<\/span>at <\/span>business <\/span>challeng<\/span>e <\/span>very much <\/span>to heart <\/span>and had <\/span>institut<\/span>e<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>its own <\/span>special <\/span>shows a<\/span>imed <\/span>exactly <\/span>towards <\/span>its <\/span>new <\/span>FM <\/span>listeners<\/span>. <\/span>Obviously<\/span>, <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>FCC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>earl<\/span>ier<\/span> attempt<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>separate <\/span>AM and <\/span>FM <\/span>program<\/span>ming <\/span>had <\/span>caught<\/span> the <\/span>attention <\/span>of <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>many <\/span>discerning <\/span>programmers<\/span>.<\/span> In <\/span>July 19<\/span>57, <\/span>WBC<\/span> <\/span>publicized <\/span>the fact <\/span>that <\/span>105.7 <\/span>on <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>FM <\/span>dial <\/span>w<\/span>ould <\/span>soon<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>airing <\/span>the very best in <\/span>classical music during <\/span>peak <\/span>hours<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW-FM Plans Classical Policy,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 22, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting\u2019s <\/span>V<\/span>P<\/span> Ronald Tooke <\/span>headed <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>tour <\/span>of <\/span>the City of <\/span>Detroit <\/span>as part of<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>highly publicized <\/span>C<\/span>leveland-Detroit Day<\/span>. <\/span>The day\u2019s <\/span>ceremonies included <\/span>Ed<\/span>win <\/span>K. <\/span>Wheeler<\/span> <\/span>(1882-1975)<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the GM <\/span>at <\/span>WWJ-Detroit<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>receiv<\/span>ing <\/span>a gold-plated mic <\/span>that <\/span>commemorat<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>his <\/span>radio <\/span>station\u2019s 37<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> anniversary. <\/span>Both <\/span>Cleveland Mayor Anthony J. Celebreez<\/span>e<\/span> (1910-1998)<\/span> and Detroit Mayor Albert E. Cobo <\/span>(1893-1957) <\/span>attended<\/span> <\/span>this event<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cDetroit and Cleveland Say Howdy,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 22, 1957. \u201cWelcome WWJ & KYW on Cleveland & Detroit Day,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 2, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>That September, <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>proudly <\/span>unveiled <\/span>its <\/span>new <\/span>traveling show<\/span>. C<\/span>alled <\/span>the \u201cKYW Road Show<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>provid<\/span>ed <\/span>t<\/span>alented teens<\/span> <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>chance <\/span>of <\/span>performing <\/span>in <\/span>variety shows <\/span>in front of <\/span>the elderly, invalids and <\/span>orphan<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Tom O\u2019Connell, \u201cRoad Show Provides Chance for Amateurs,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> <\/span>September 22, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Th<\/span>ey were <\/span>training ground<\/span>s<\/span> for <\/span>young people who were planning to <\/span>enter the <\/span>entertain<\/span>ment field<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nKYW<\/span> radio<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>very skilled <\/span>programmers <\/span>knew <\/span>just <\/span>what they were doing on <\/span>so <\/span>many<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>levels. Much of the success of <\/span>\u201c<\/span>lateral programming<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>first <\/span>introduced on <\/span>\u201cProgram PM<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>originated <\/span>with <\/span>the ingenuity of <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>highly <\/span>energized <\/span>host Bud Wendell.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cLateral Programming The Sound Difference in Nighttime Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 15, 1957.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Within three months<\/span> of its debut<\/span>, <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>had sold out all of its <\/span>spot <\/span>advertising<\/span> blocks<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cLooks Like We Can\u2019t Accommodate Another Spot Program PM,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October, 1957.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>As you might <\/span>well <\/span>imagine<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>some of the old timers <\/span>still working <\/span>at KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>did not <\/span>fully approve of th<\/span>at station\u2019s <\/span>new <\/span>broadcasting<\/span> method<\/span>. <\/span>For that very reason, t<\/span>wo <\/span>d<\/span>issatisfied <\/span>radio <\/span>veteran<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>Tom Field and <\/span>Joe Mulvihil<\/span>l<\/span> <\/span>left <\/span>KYW <\/span>for <\/span>WRCV<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George Condon, \u201cKraft Theatre\u2019s Smart Boy Takes Puzzling Twists and Turns,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 10, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>Their <\/span>sudden <\/span>departure <\/span>enabled <\/span>Dick Drury <\/span>(b. 1935) <\/span>to <\/span>join th<\/span>is <\/span>highly <\/span>animated <\/span>group of <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ers<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Previously, t<\/span>he youngest member <\/span>of the <\/span>successful <\/span>WSRS<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>lineup, <\/span>Drury took <\/span>over <\/span>both the 10:00 and <\/span>11<\/span>:15 <\/span>p.m. <\/span>time <\/span>slot<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 1, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Following his depart<\/span>ure <\/span>the <\/span>following <\/span>year<\/span>, <\/span>Dick <\/span>Drury enjoyed <\/span>lengthy <\/span>radio <\/span>s<\/span>tints<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>both <\/span>Pittsburgh and <\/span>Los Angeles.\u00a0<\/span>On another note, t<\/span>he <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>lat<\/span>est<\/span> <\/span>sensation Joe Finan <\/span>proudly <\/span>served <\/span>as the Masters of Ceremonies at the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Bands of Tomorrow Contest & Dance<\/span>.\u201d It was <\/span>held <\/span>that <\/span>Thanksgiving <\/span>Night at Public Hall<\/span>. All <\/span>proceeds<\/span> <\/span>from that <\/span>fun <\/span>event <\/span>went to the Jaycees Youth Activities Fund.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cBands of Tomorrow,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 24, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nA survey <\/span>conducted <\/span>by <\/span>a <\/span>leading <\/span>Chicago <\/span>jock <\/span>Howard Miller<\/span> (1913-1994)<\/span> discovered that <\/span>teenage <\/span>girls<\/span> <\/span>bought 9<\/span>0% of <\/span>all <\/span>45s <\/span>available <\/span>o<\/span>n the U.S<\/span>.<\/span> market.<\/span>[footnote]Kitta<\/span> <\/span>Turmell<\/span>, \u201c<\/span>Bopsters<\/span> Buy 80% of all Discs, and Nine out of Ten Are Girls,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 14, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Inexpensive <\/span>p<\/span>ortable record players en<\/span>abled them <\/span>to play <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music <\/span>24\/7<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Low priced <\/span>45s <\/span>with one side <\/span>featuring <\/span>a <\/span>hit <\/span>song <\/span>and <\/span>the other <\/span>a lesser known <\/span>number <\/span>usually <\/span>performed <\/span>by the same artist <\/span>enabled <\/span>them <\/span>to <\/span>purchase <\/span>the la<\/span>test <\/span>releases <\/span>without breaking the<\/span>ir<\/span> piggy bank<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>It did not matter <\/span>to them <\/span>w<\/span>hether Atlantic, Capitol, Columbia, Decca, Mercury, Motown, RCA Victor<\/span> or <\/span>Sun<\/span> recorded their favorite <\/span>song<\/span>. <\/span>They collected <\/span>as many <\/span>45s <\/span>as <\/span>they could as <\/span>quickly as <\/span>possible<\/span>. The commercial radio-industry <\/span>did its part<\/span> <\/span>to stimulate <\/span>local <\/span>record sales <\/span>by <\/span>p<\/span>laying <\/span>the latest <\/span>rock and roll hits<\/span> <\/span>repeatedly<\/span>. <\/span>Actual playing time <\/span>for individual records <\/span>depended on <\/span>several<\/span> <\/span>factors<\/span>. <\/span>Such things as t<\/span>he<\/span> <\/span>daring <\/span>of <\/span>a<\/span> performer\u2019s <\/span>manager<\/span>,<\/span> the <\/span>perseverance <\/span>of <\/span>a <\/span>record <\/span>label<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>the <\/span>doggedness <\/span>of <\/span>an <\/span>advertiser<\/span> <\/span>routinely <\/span>determined <\/span>what got played and how often<\/span>. <\/span>M<\/span>any <\/span>record <\/span>promoters <\/span>had <\/span>no <\/span>problem <\/span>what<\/span>soever<\/span> <\/span>in o<\/span>ffering <\/span>extraordinary <\/span>incentives <\/span>to radio personalities <\/span>who <\/span>guarantee<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>to play <\/span>their songs<\/span> <\/span>repetitively<\/span>. <\/span>Supposedly<\/span>, <\/span>marketers <\/span>sought <\/span>out <\/span>advi<\/span>ce<\/span> from seasoned DJs <\/span>as to which <\/span>ones of their <\/span>records <\/span>might <\/span>sell <\/span>well <\/span>and which ones <\/span>might <\/span>not<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>s paid consultants<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>th<\/span>ose jocks <\/span>recommended certain <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s <\/span>based <\/span>on <\/span>their <\/span>alleged <\/span>merit<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>As <\/span>long as the <\/span>celebrity<\/span> <\/span>declared <\/span>those <\/span>incentives <\/span>as earned income <\/span>th<\/span>e<\/span>n <\/span>the feds were <\/span>okay<\/span> with <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, <\/span>those not reporting that additional unearned income soon found themselves facing the <\/span>real <\/span>possibility of <\/span>federal <\/span>prosecution<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nRegarding future trend<\/span>s<\/span> in <\/span>popular <\/span>music<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>some <\/span>experts in the <\/span>late \u2018<\/span>50s <\/span>including <\/span>Columbia Records<\/span> <\/span>Director <\/span>Mitch Miller <\/span>(1911-2010) <\/span>argued <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>the charisma <\/span>of rock and roll music <\/span>stemmed from <\/span>many <\/span>teen<\/span>ager<\/span>s <\/span>w<\/span>anting other <\/span>\u2018cooler\u201d <\/span>teens to <\/span>accept<\/span> them<\/span> as equals<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0Purchasing <\/span>the same <\/span>rock and roll record<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>the <\/span>\u201ccool\u201d kids <\/span>on the block <\/span>meant they <\/span>were <\/span>now <\/span>supposedly <\/span>part of <\/span>the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>in-crowd<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>I<\/span>n a <\/span>less serious vein<\/span>, KYW\u2019s morning man Big Wilson <\/span>s<\/span>uggested to his bosses that they might considering <\/span>making him the <\/span>host <\/span>of <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>weekly talent show<\/span>. <\/span>G<\/span>eared <\/span>f<\/span>or <\/span>young performers<\/span>, it never got beyond the initial stage<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Tom O\u2019Connell, \u201cWilson Pines to Help New Talent,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 15, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Before <\/span>arriving <\/span>in <\/span>Cleveland, <\/span>Big Wilson <\/span>had worked <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>both <\/span>Plattsburgh,<\/span> <\/span>N.Y. <\/span>and <\/span>Scranton, PA. His big break <\/span>in <\/span>radio <\/span>came <\/span>in 19<\/span>55 <\/span>when <\/span>he <\/span>joined <\/span>the staff at <\/span>KYW-<\/span>Philadelphia<\/span>.<\/span> Little did he know then that he would soon <\/span>be<\/span>come<\/span> a<\/span>n even<\/span> <\/span>big<\/span>ger <\/span>celebrity <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>emerging <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> market<\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>In <\/span>December<\/span> 1957, a<\/span> <\/span>nationally<\/span>-<\/span>respected <\/span>trade <\/span>publica<\/span>ti<\/span>on <\/span><\/span>Katz Table <\/span>Totes <\/span>Radio Spot <\/span>Costs<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>released its latest <\/span>market standings<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>national <\/span>market<\/span> rank<\/span>ing was <\/span>twenty-first <\/span>with <\/span>a <\/span>$30<\/span> <\/span>one<\/span>-<\/span>time day rate.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKatz Table Totes Radio Spot Costs,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 16, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Twelve <\/span>one-minute announcements per week <\/span>over <\/span>a <\/span>thirteen <\/span>week period determined <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>present <\/span>ranking<\/span>. In terms of <\/span>r<\/span>ecent promotion<\/span>al campaigns<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KYW <\/span>proudly hosted a <\/span>special <\/span>night at Cinerama<\/span> <\/span>on December 19<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It <\/span>featured Johnny Bell, Gloria Brown, Joe Finan, Pete French, Wes Hopkins, Specs Howard, Bob Neil<\/span>, Linn Sheldon and Big Wilson.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cTomorrow Night, Dec. 19, is KYW Radio-Television Night at Cinerama,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 18, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nGloria Brown <\/span>(1926-2017) <\/span>symbolized <\/span>one of <\/span>the <\/span>few <\/span>big name <\/span>female <\/span>radio personalities <\/span>in the late \u2018<\/span>50s<\/span>. Originally teamed up <\/span>w<\/span>ith Mildred Funnell <\/span>(1901-1977) <\/span>on WTAM<\/span>, <\/span>she <\/span>remained <\/span>a<\/span> s<\/span>t<\/span>aple at<\/span> KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>into the <\/span>19<\/span>6<\/span>0s<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>A.C. <\/span>Nielsen ratings<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>released in February 19<\/span>58, <\/span>ranked <\/span>1100 AM <\/span>as <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>number one <\/span>\u201c<\/span>overall<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>station<\/span>. It <\/span>enjoyed <\/span>a 134% <\/span>le<\/span>ad <\/span>over its <\/span>near<\/span>es<\/span>t <\/span>two <\/span>rival<\/span>s <\/span>da<\/span>il<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>6 a.m. to <\/span>12 <\/span>Mid<\/span>night<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cTime Buyers Light Up over Northern Ohio\u2019s Hottest Station-KYW Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em>, February 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>KYW<\/span>s latest promotion<\/span>al effort <\/span>labeled <\/span>\u201cWinter Heat Wave\u201d <\/span>starred <\/span>an incredible lineup of <\/span>extremely <\/span>talent<\/span>ed radio personalities<\/span>. <\/span>It began <\/span>with Big<\/span> Wilson<\/span>, Specs Howard and Gloria Brown <\/span>in the <\/span>morning<\/span> f<\/span>ollowed by Joe Finan and Wes Hopkins<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>afternoon<\/span>, <\/span>Bud Wendell and Dick Reynolds <\/span>in the <\/span>evening<\/span> <\/span>and<\/span> ending with <\/span>Johnny Bell <\/span>overnight<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Radio 1100 KC. . .the Hottest Station in Town!\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>February 10, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>An <\/span>April 19<\/span>58 article <\/span>published <\/span>in <\/span><\/span>US Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>underscored the <\/span>grow<\/span>ing <\/span>importance of <\/span>DJs <\/span>as <\/span>prominent <\/span>local <\/span>business<\/span> leaders<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cDisc Jockey\u2019s Changing Role is Viewed, Storz Conference Studies DJ\u2019s Changing Role in Mapping Programming Trends,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em>, April 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>They were <\/span>considered <\/span>by many<\/span> <\/span>to be <\/span>the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>kings <\/span>of <\/span>local <\/span>radio<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Not only <\/span>did they <\/span>choose <\/span>the <\/span>records played<\/span> <\/span>on their <\/span>shows<\/span>;<\/span> but also, <\/span>frequently <\/span>influenced <\/span>programming<\/span> <\/span>decisions<\/span>. <\/span>Over the long<\/span> <\/span>haul<\/span>, <\/span>m<\/span>any <\/span>of those same <\/span>celebrities<\/span> <\/span>deliberately <\/span>increas<\/span>ed <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>amount of <\/span>rock and roll<\/span> music<\/span> they played<\/span> daily<\/span>. They saw <\/span>it <\/span>as the future of AM radio and they wanted to be a part of <\/span>it<\/span> from <\/span>the <\/span>start<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>From a business p<\/span>er<\/span>s<\/span>p<\/span>ective<\/span>,<\/span> it made <\/span>perfect <\/span>sense<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> many<\/span> <\/span>of the <\/span>large<\/span> <\/span>AM <\/span>stations <\/span>to promote <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>sound<\/span>. <\/span>By <\/span>the <\/span>end of the <\/span>\u2018<\/span>50s<\/span>, <\/span>many <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>justified <\/span>play<\/span>ing<\/span> more rock and roll <\/span>based on <\/span>the<\/span>i<\/span>r growing reliance on <\/span>a <\/span>newly <\/span>perfected <\/span>program <\/span>tactic <\/span>that was <\/span>d<\/span>esigned<\/span> for <\/span>that <\/span>kind of <\/span>music<\/span>. C<\/span>alled <\/span>the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Balaban Approach to F<\/span>orm<\/span>ula <\/span>P<\/span>rogramming<\/span>,\u201d th<\/span>is <\/span>latest <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>technique reli<\/span>ed <\/span>on <\/span>persuasive <\/span>jocks <\/span>that <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>promot<\/span>ed<\/span> numerous <\/span>products <\/span>and services<\/span> <\/span>to their <\/span>loyal <\/span>listening audience<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThis <\/span>highly <\/span>successful <\/span>on-air <\/span>a<\/span>pproach <\/span>towards radio broadcasting <\/span>g<\/span>ained even <\/span>wider <\/span>acceptance <\/span>within<\/span> the <\/span>highly <\/span>competitive <\/span>new <\/span>world of <\/span>advertising<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>was <\/span>emerg<\/span>ing <\/span>in the early 19<\/span>60s<\/span>. <\/span>I<\/span>ncreasingly<\/span>,<\/span> larger and larger number of r<\/span>adio l<\/span>isteners <\/span>trusted <\/span>their <\/span>local <\/span>dis<\/span>k<\/span> <\/span>jockeys<\/span> <\/span>when <\/span>they endors<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>ertain<\/span> <\/span>product<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>and services <\/span>over others<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>knew <\/span>that <\/span>th<\/span>eir favorite <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>always <\/span>had their back. Hollywood actors doing voiceovers rarely enjoyed that kind <\/span>of <\/span>blind <\/span>faith<\/span>. <\/span>For example<\/span>,<\/span> l<\/span>arge number<\/span>s<\/span> of rock and roll <\/span>enthusiasts <\/span>were <\/span>quite <\/span>familiar<\/span> with <\/span>the voice<\/span>s<\/span> of <\/span>WABC\u2019s Dan Ingram<\/span>,<\/span> W<\/span>QAM\u2019s Rick Shaw, KXOX\u2019s Johnny Rabbit or KJR\u2019s Pat O\u2019Day<\/span>,<\/span> to name but a few<\/span>, but <\/span>only a handful <\/span>recognized <\/span>popular <\/span>Hollywood <\/span>celebrity <\/span>voice<\/span>o<\/span>ver<\/span>s <\/span>such as <\/span>Mason Adams, <\/span>Harry Landers, <\/span>William Schallert<\/span> or David Wayne<\/span>. <\/span>Increasingly, <\/span>the radio industry <\/span>relied on <\/span>this <\/span>new<\/span>ly sharpened<\/span> <\/span>program <\/span>form<\/span>ula <\/span>to sell <\/span>more and more <\/span>products and services<\/span> to <\/span>its many <\/span>eager fans<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>April, <\/span>KY-11 <\/span>received t<\/span>he prestigious Alfred E. Sloan Award <\/span>for <\/span>its <\/span>acclaimed <\/span>highway safety<\/span> programs<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Will Be Given Public Service Award,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 30, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>KYW-Radio\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>growing number of <\/span>useful <\/span>service<\/span>-related<\/span> activities covered <\/span>the <\/span>gamut<\/span>. They included <\/span>such things as <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>traffic court, <\/span>promoting <\/span>good citizenship <\/span>at local schools <\/span>a<\/span>nd <\/span>airing <\/span>current <\/span>traffic <\/span>con<\/span>gestion<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nMeanwhile in <\/span>Washington<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>D.C., <\/span>the <\/span>F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> <\/span>reaffirmed <\/span>its <\/span>previously <\/span>approval of <\/span>the <\/span>NBC-<\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>trade<\/span>. Presented <\/span>its argument <\/span>in front of the U.S. Supreme Court<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>commission<\/span>ers<\/span> <\/span>maintained <\/span>that <\/span>their <\/span>decision<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>not <\/span>prevent<\/span>ed <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Department <\/span>from <\/span>conducting <\/span>its own<\/span> <\/span>extensive <\/span>antitrust <\/span>investigati<\/span>on<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>that <\/span>very <\/span>same <\/span>issue<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cFCC View on NBC-WBC Swap Reiterated to U.S. Supreme Court,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 12, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Its <\/span>argument <\/span>might <\/span>have been valid <\/span>if the <\/span>courts <\/span>had <\/span>chose<\/span>n<\/span> to view <\/span>the scope of th<\/span>at <\/span>regulatory agency <\/span>actions <\/span>from a <\/span>much <\/span>broader <\/span>legal perspective<\/span>. H<\/span>owever, <\/span>the<\/span> court thought otherwise<\/span>. I<\/span>n <\/span>December 19<\/span>56<\/span>,<\/span> J<\/span>udge William H. Kirkpatrick <\/span>(1885-1970) <\/span>of the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> <\/span>District Court in <\/span>Philadelphia refused to <\/span>listen to <\/span>a countersuit<\/span> <\/span>filed <\/span>by the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> on that issue<\/span>. <\/span>Apparently, <\/span>that judge <\/span>believed <\/span>that <\/span>only <\/span>the <\/span>FCC <\/span>had <\/span>legal <\/span>jurisdiction <\/span>when it came to <\/span>station <\/span>transfers<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>On another <\/span>issue<\/span>, Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s legal counsel<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>May <\/span>19<\/span>58 <\/span>strong<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>objected to <\/span>a harshly worded <\/span>petition <\/span>recently <\/span>submitted <\/span>to th<\/span>at commission <\/span>by the <\/span>Daytime Broadcasters Association<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWBC, CCBS Oppose <\/span>Daytimers<\/span>\u2019 Plea,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting, <\/span><\/span><\/em>May 19, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>It <\/span>call<\/span>ed <\/span>for <\/span>standardiz<\/span>ing <\/span>operational hours for <\/span>all <\/span>daytime AM outlets<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>attorneys<\/span> <\/span>argu<\/span>ed <\/span>that <\/span>such <\/span>federal a<\/span>ction<\/span> <\/span>would <\/span>not only <\/span>interfere <\/span>with <\/span>high quality <\/span>prime <\/span>broadcasts<\/span>; but also, <\/span>e<\/span>nd <\/span>secondary skyway service<\/span> <\/span>provided by <\/span>some <\/span>prime <\/span>carriers <\/span>such as <\/span>KYW<\/span>, <\/span>KDKA<\/span> and <\/span>WBZ. <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>officials <\/span>further <\/span>argu<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>that more than 50% of the U.S. would <\/span>lose <\/span>its <\/span>prime <\/span>service<\/span> should <\/span>that <\/span>that petition<\/span> be approved<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>ey said that <\/span>certainly <\/span>would<\/span>n\u2019t <\/span>serve the <\/span>public\u2019s <\/span>best <\/span>interests.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nH<\/span>op<\/span>ing to gain <\/span>a<\/span>n even<\/span> <\/span>bigger <\/span>listening <\/span>audience<\/span> <\/span>prompted<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>programmers <\/span>to <\/span>broadcast <\/span>the <\/span>Benny Goodman<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> concerts <\/span>performed <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>Brussel\u2019s World Fair<\/span> in 1958<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Radio Plans Goodman Jazz Series,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 24, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>radio<\/span> personalities Johnny Bell, Joe Finan and Dick Reynolds <\/span>participated in<\/span> This<\/span>tle Downs<\/span>\u2019<\/span> <\/span>Annual <\/span>Open House Party <\/span>held <\/span>on May 25<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cOpen House Today Sunday May 25<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> 2 P.M. to 5 P.M. Thistle Down,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>May 25, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Guess <\/span>what<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>May ratings found <\/span>KYW-Cleveland <\/span>Number One<\/span> again<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW\u2019s On Cloud 1 <\/span>\u2018Cause<\/span> Our Radio Ratings Are Out Of This World,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting, <\/span><\/span><\/em>May 26, 1958.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A June \u2018<\/span>58 <\/span>article <\/span>featured <\/span>in <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>congratulated <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>broadcasting industry on its <\/span>first <\/span>annual <\/span>\u201c<\/span>National Radio Month\u201d<\/span> celebration.<\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>rade publications <\/span>and <\/span>civic organiz<\/span>ations <\/span>everywhere <\/span>praised <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>stations <\/span>for <\/span>their <\/span>news <\/span>accura<\/span>cy<\/span>; detailed sports coverage and <\/span>excellent <\/span>entertainment<\/span> programs<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cAmerica Listens and Hears: Radio is Close to You,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>To <\/span>honor <\/span>th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>occasion<\/span>, the Cleveland Welfare <\/span>Federation, a<\/span>nd <\/span>seven <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>stations<\/span>,<\/span> including KY<\/span>W,<\/span> <\/span>launched a <\/span>drive<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>o <\/span>provid<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>used <\/span>radios to <\/span>shut-ins.<\/span><\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote] That<\/span> same <\/span>summer<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>a new <\/span>station <\/span>promotion<\/span> <\/span>highlighted <\/span>several <\/span>up-and-coming <\/span>rock and roll concerts<\/span>. <\/span>Those <\/span>planning<\/span> to attend this <\/span>\u201cParty Package\u201d<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>asked <\/span>to <\/span>donate <\/span>old <\/span>board games<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>canned <\/span>goods and u<\/span>nwanted <\/span>clothing<\/span> to <\/span>local <\/span>charities<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cGordon Told to Can Talk During Records,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 5, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>controversy <\/span>surrounding <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>trade <\/span>in \u201956 <\/span>heated up <\/span>again <\/span>on <\/span>J<\/span>une <\/span>16<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>when <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Supreme Court <\/span>agreed to examine <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>charges<\/span> <\/span>directed <\/span>against <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cSupreme Court to Review City Radio-TV Deal,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 17, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The <\/span>DOJ <\/span>ask<\/span>ed the court to determine whether the FCC decision <\/span>in 1956 <\/span>approving the <\/span>NBC-WBC <\/span>s<\/span>tation s<\/span>wap <\/span>should be allowed to stand<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cCondon on This \u2018n\u2019 That,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 20, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nWhen asked <\/span>by reporters <\/span>why h<\/span>is <\/span>new <\/span>talk <\/span>show <\/span>was <\/span>so <\/span>popular<\/span>, Bud Wendell <\/span>purported<\/span>ly <\/span>said <\/span>that <\/span>his curiosity had much to do with <\/span>it.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cPM Turns First Lap as Husky Air Infant,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 22, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>An <\/span><\/span>NBC Spot Sales Timeb<\/span>uyer Opinion<\/span><\/span><\/em> survey<\/span> reported that <\/span>the majority <\/span>of respondents <\/span>preferred to <\/span>listen to <\/span>more <\/span>de<\/span>tailed <\/span>news<\/span>casts<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>interest<\/span>ing<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>community <\/span>features<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>gentler <\/span>music <\/span>rather than <\/span>be exposed to <\/span>traditional <\/span>rock and roll<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cThe Top 40 Formula Under Fire,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 30, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>NBC officials <\/span>presumed <\/span>that <\/span>those AM station that <\/span>played <\/span>quieter <\/span>tu<\/span>nes <\/span>would not only <\/span>cultivate <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>more pleasing listening environment<\/span>; but also, <\/span>encourage <\/span>the<\/span>ir <\/span>fans <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>purchas<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>greater <\/span>and greater <\/span>quantities of more <\/span>costly <\/span>advertised <\/span>goods<\/span>. <\/span>That <\/span>desire <\/span>on the part of shrewd listeners <\/span>to <\/span>willingly<\/span> <\/span>spend more<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>rather than less <\/span>cash <\/span>on <\/span>higher<\/span> <\/span>pr<\/span>i<\/span>ced <\/span>items <\/span>rarely <\/span>affected <\/span>the <\/span>budget<\/span>-<\/span>conscious <\/span>Top 40<\/span> outlet<\/span>s<\/span> where <\/span>low <\/span>pric<\/span>es were <\/span>all that <\/span>really <\/span>mattered<\/span>. <\/span>NBC <\/span>further <\/span>s<\/span>tated <\/span>that <\/span>69% <\/span>of the listeners <\/span>they <\/span>surveyed <\/span>preferred <\/span>playlists <\/span>that <\/span>featur<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>music<\/span>al<\/span> <\/span>variety<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>So,<\/span> what was the best <\/span>program <\/span>format <\/span>to follow <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>late \u201850s<\/span> and <\/span>early<\/span> \u201860s<\/span>?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Many <\/span>passionate <\/span>supporters of the <\/span>mid<\/span>dle<\/span>-<\/span>of<\/span>-<\/span>the<\/span>-<\/span>road <\/span>format <\/span>contended <\/span>that <\/span>their approach towards <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting was <\/span>unquestionably <\/span>the best<\/span>. Yet, <\/span>they <\/span>believed <\/span>that the deck was <\/span>often <\/span>stacked against them<\/span> by aggressive<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>d<\/span>vertisers who wanted <\/span>higher and <\/span>higher returns on <\/span>every dollar they <\/span>invest<\/span>ed<\/span> in local <\/span>broadcasting<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Repeatedly, <\/span>the backers <\/span>of finer <\/span>sounding <\/span>music <\/span>yelled <\/span>\u201c<\/span>foul<\/span>\u201d<\/span> as <\/span>larger <\/span>numbers of <\/span>local radio <\/span>stations<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>such as <\/span>KY-11<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>play<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>gr<\/span>eater<\/span> <\/span>and greater <\/span>amounts of <\/span>rock and roll<\/span> music<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nNot s<\/span>urprisingly<\/span>, <\/span>many <\/span>r<\/span>ock and roll <\/span>enthusiasts <\/span>totally <\/span>di<\/span>sagreed<\/span> with their argument<\/span>. They <\/span>contend<\/span>ed that <\/span>advertisers in <\/span>larg<\/span>er <\/span>and Larger <\/span>numbers were <\/span>not <\/span>preferring <\/span>rock<\/span> <\/span>an<\/span>d<\/span> roll <\/span>music <\/span>over <\/span>more <\/span>mid<\/span>dle-of-the-road<\/span> <\/span>popular <\/span>tunes<\/span>. I<\/span>f anything,<\/span> they <\/span>t<\/span>hought <\/span>that the<\/span> <\/span>majority <\/span>advertisers <\/span>w<\/span>ere<\/span> <\/span>actively <\/span>working <\/span>against the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>vested <\/span>interests<\/span>. <\/span>At a <\/span>national <\/span>conference<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>spring<\/span> <\/span>Joe <\/span>Finan a<\/span>nd<\/span> <\/span>KY<\/span>W <\/span>Program Manager Mark Olds <\/span>discussed<\/span> the <\/span>many <\/span>pros and cons of <\/span>local <\/span>stations <\/span>adopting <\/span>th<\/span>e <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>format<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>They <\/span>conceded <\/span>that <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>was not <\/span>a <\/span>sure <\/span>cur<\/span>e<\/span> for <\/span>what might <\/span>be ailing <\/span>you<\/span>r station<\/span>; but it <\/span>might <\/span>help <\/span>many <\/span>fledgling <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>who <\/span>were <\/span>seeking a <\/span>credible<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>identity<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>At the same time<\/span>,<\/span> Finan pointed out that the record industry<\/span> <\/span>was not <\/span>stand<\/span>ing <\/span>still<\/span>. <\/span>The latest trends <\/span>strongly <\/span>suggest<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>popular <\/span>music <\/span>was <\/span>increasingly <\/span>turning <\/span>towards a <\/span>more <\/span>mellow <\/span>sound <\/span>with a <\/span>heightened <\/span>beat<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Recent<\/span>ly <\/span>statistics <\/span>compiled<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>A.C. <\/span>Nielsen<\/span> <\/span>Company <\/span>c<\/span>onfirmed what many <\/span>industry<\/span>-wide <\/span>already <\/span>strongly <\/span>suspected <\/span>that teen<\/span>ager<\/span>s <\/span>did<\/span> not represent <\/span>the bulk of <\/span>its <\/span>daytime <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>. <\/span>A July 19<\/span>58 study reported <\/span>some<\/span>where <\/span>around <\/span>6.3 <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>out of a total 9.2 <\/span>million<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>mostly women and children<\/span>,<\/span> were radio\u2019s prim<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>day <\/span>l<\/span>istene<\/span>rs<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cTeenagers are Radio\u2019s Small Fry,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Of course, <\/span>mastery <\/span>was everything to program<\/span> directors <\/span>on <\/span>either <\/span>side<\/span> <\/span>of the <\/span>radio <\/span>dial. Hoping <\/span>to make KYW-FM \u201cCleveland\u2019s Fine Arts Station\u201d <\/span>led <\/span>its eager <\/span>program<\/span>mers <\/span>to <\/span>significantly <\/span>expand <\/span>their <\/span>class<\/span>ical<\/span> <\/span>music offerings<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cGoal of KYW-FM is to be City\u2019s Culture Station,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 27, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>Beginning <\/span>in <\/span>July<\/span> 19<\/span>58<\/span>, <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>105.7<\/span> FM <\/span>started <\/span>play<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>longer <\/span>album<\/span> cut<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>s well as <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing <\/span>a greater <\/span>assortment <\/span>of <\/span>fine <\/span>arts<\/span> <\/span>shows, theatre reviews and <\/span>book <\/span>discussions. <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>backed <\/span>up <\/span>their <\/span>promise<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>their <\/span>budding <\/span>FM <\/span>audience <\/span>by <\/span>hir<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>soft spoken<\/span> <\/span>Cincinnati<\/span> <\/span>broadcaster <\/span>Dav<\/span>e<\/span> Hawthorne <\/span>(1924-2013)<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cWSRS Sale $500,000 Transfer Awaits Only FCC Green Light Which May Come in October,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>August 1, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>and <\/span>Myl<\/span>as<\/span> Martin <\/span>ran <\/span>KYW<\/span>-<\/span>FM<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nP<\/span>roblem<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span> <\/span>clear channel broadcasting <\/span>re<\/span>surfaced <\/span>that <\/span>August when <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span> <\/span>rep<\/span>resentative<\/span>s <\/span>pointed out to the FCC<\/span> <\/span>that 12% of th<\/span>is <\/span>nation\u2019s population <\/span>relied on <\/span>skywave service <\/span>as <\/span>furnished <\/span>through AM <\/span>giant<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>like <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span>. W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>legal counsel <\/span>further reminded <\/span>everyone <\/span>that <\/span>this <\/span>servic<\/span>e covered<\/span> 1,460 <\/span>square mile<\/span>s <\/span>and <\/span>involved <\/span>114,<\/span>000<\/span> <\/span>people<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWBC Comments,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> <\/span>August 18, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>It<\/span> <\/span>would<\/span>n\u2019t <\/span>be in <\/span>the <\/span>public\u2019s <\/span>interests <\/span>if <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>powerful <\/span>signal <\/span>should <\/span>suddenly <\/span>overlap with its <\/span>sister station in <\/span>Pittsburgh<\/span> KDKA<\/span>. That would <\/span>have <\/span>happen<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>if <\/span>the F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunication\u2019s <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> forced <\/span>KYW <\/span>to move <\/span>from 1100<\/span> <\/span>to 1020 on <\/span>the <\/span>AM <\/span>dial.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nA new<\/span>ly launched<\/span> <\/span>KYW <\/span>p<\/span>ublicity <\/span>campaign<\/span> <\/span>gave <\/span>local <\/span>listeners <\/span>a chance <\/span>to <\/span>win $2<\/span> <\/span>for every <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>mistake they <\/span>picked up. KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>News <\/span>Director Sanford<\/span> Markey<\/span> (1914-1995)<\/span> <\/span>also <\/span>invited <\/span>everyone <\/span>to <\/span>win <\/span>a <\/span>free <\/span>ride in <\/span>one of <\/span>his <\/span>four <\/span>snazzy <\/span>mobile <\/span>cruisers<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Awards Dollars for Errors,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 18, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>In a<\/span>n <\/span>un<\/span>expected <\/span>move, <\/span>Controller <\/span>Irwin C. Ruby <\/span>became <\/span>Westinghouse\u2019s <\/span>lat<\/span>est <\/span>A<\/span>udi<\/span>tor<\/span> and <\/span>B<\/span>usiness <\/span>M<\/span>anager.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cKYW-FM Shuns Cash Until Format is Set,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 28, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In September<\/span> 19<\/span>58<\/span>, the <\/span>F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> <\/span>renewed KYW\u2019s license<\/span> for <\/span>an additional <\/span>three years<\/span>. <\/span>Federal <\/span>entanglements<\/span> <\/span>earl<\/span>ier <\/span>th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>summer <\/span>had held up<\/span> th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>long <\/span>expected <\/span>announcement<\/span>. <\/span>The station\u2019s <\/span>commitment to <\/span>community s<\/span>afety <\/span>through repeated news<\/span> bulletins <\/span>and warnings <\/span>was <\/span>certainly <\/span>put to the test <\/span>later that <\/span>same <\/span>year <\/span>following <\/span>a brutal <\/span>murder <\/span>downtown<\/span>. <\/span>Similar <\/span>to <\/span>modern-day \u201c<\/span>Amber Alerts<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>regularly<\/span> <\/span>broadcasted warnings <\/span>on KYW<\/span>-Radio <\/span>throughout that day <\/span>led to <\/span>a <\/span>quick <\/span>apprehension<\/span>. <\/span>When <\/span>the accused was <\/span>asked why he turned himself<\/span> <\/span>into <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>police<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>he <\/span>re<\/span>sponded <\/span>that <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>extensive <\/span>news <\/span>coverage <\/span>had <\/span>him fully <\/span>convinced <\/span>th<\/span>at the<\/span>re was no safe place <\/span>for him <\/span>to hide.<\/span> <\/span>He thought that it was better to give up rather than be c<\/span>hased down <\/span>by the police<\/span> department<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNewsworthy News Coverage by Radio and TV,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 6, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Again<\/span>,<\/span> g<\/span>reat <\/span>work KYW!<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nS<\/span>tation <\/span>officials <\/span>sponsor<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>one-of-a-kind <\/span>Halloween <\/span>contest <\/span>for <\/span>younger kids<\/span>. Out of the more than <\/span>two <\/span>hundred<\/span> <\/span>applications <\/span>submitted <\/span>by <\/span>local <\/span>listeners <\/span>half <\/span>received <\/span>a <\/span>\u201cKYW Treasure Barrel<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Each<\/span> <\/span>barrel <\/span>contained <\/span>ten <\/span>records <\/span>and <\/span>twenty <\/span>bags of candy. The first <\/span>thirty <\/span>children <\/span>to knock on <\/span>a participant\u2019s <\/span>door and ask if <\/span>h<\/span>is <\/span>or <\/span>her<\/span> home <\/span>was<\/span> <\/span>a \u201cKYW Treasure House\u201d <\/span>would <\/span>receive<\/span> <\/span>either <\/span>a <\/span>record<\/span> or <\/span>bag of <\/span>candy. <\/span>P<\/span>articipa<\/span>ting households <\/span>got <\/span>a variety of <\/span>KYW <\/span>promotional items<\/span> <\/span>for their <\/span>help<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cHalloween Pranks Get Station Break,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 25, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On November 1<\/span><\/span>st<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>KY<\/span>W<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> manager <\/span>Rolland <\/span>V. <\/span>Tooke <\/span>made a<\/span> most <\/span>important<\/span> <\/span>announce<\/span>ment<\/span> that many <\/span>f<\/span>uture <\/span>news<\/span>casts <\/span>will <\/span>also <\/span>include <\/span>station <\/span>editorials.<\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>inclusion of <\/span>editorial<\/span> opinions<\/span> <\/span>represented a <\/span>major <\/span>breakthrough in <\/span>local <\/span>broadcasting<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cKYW Dips its Toe in Editorial Waters,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 1, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0Traditionally, <\/span>AM<\/span> <\/span>stations<\/span>,<\/span> including KYW<\/span>,<\/span> had <\/span>believed that it was their <\/span>chief <\/span>responsibility to report <\/span>the <\/span>news with<\/span>out <\/span>any <\/span>commentary<\/span>. <\/span>Any <\/span>opinions <\/span>expressed <\/span>by station officials <\/span>w<\/span>ere <\/span>reserved for <\/span>talk shows or<\/span> <\/span>special <\/span>programs <\/span>that <\/span>focus<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>such <\/span>matters. <\/span>However, changing times required <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>to <\/span>re-<\/span>evaluate<\/span> their <\/span>responsibilities.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nI<\/span>ncreasingly<\/span>, <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>listeners <\/span>had turned to <\/span>11<\/span>00 AM<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>important <\/span>advice <\/span>on <\/span>a host of <\/span>critical issues<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Loc<\/span>al<\/span>ly-based<\/span> <\/span>newsrooms<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>like <\/span>KYW<\/span>, <\/span>wer<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>brimming <\/span>with energetic reporters<\/span> who <\/span>had access to <\/span>all kinds of <\/span>inside information<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Perhaps it was time for <\/span>those <\/span>newscasters <\/span>to explain to their <\/span>many <\/span>loyal <\/span>listeners<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>through <\/span>their <\/span>editorials<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>exactly what was going on <\/span>behind <\/span>closed doors<\/span>,<\/span> and how those <\/span>covert <\/span>actions mig<\/span>ht <\/span>impact their lives<\/span>. If <\/span>those <\/span>commentaries <\/span>were <\/span>presented <\/span>in a<\/span> <\/span>professional<\/span>, straightforward<\/span> <\/span>manner <\/span>it <\/span>might <\/span>help <\/span>the public <\/span>to <\/span>make <\/span>better<\/span> <\/span>decisions <\/span>esp<\/span>e<\/span>cially <\/span>at the ball<\/span>o<\/span>t box<\/span>. After all, <\/span>local <\/span>n<\/span>ewspapers <\/span>had <\/span>been allowed to <\/span>present<\/span> <\/span>editorial<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>and opinions <\/span>for y<\/span>e<\/span>ars why <\/span>should<\/span>n\u2019t<\/span> <\/span>respected <\/span>radio <\/span>stations<\/span> be <\/span>afforded <\/span>the same privileges<\/span>? <\/span>It made sense.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As you might have <\/span>already <\/span>figured <\/span>out<\/span>,<\/span> t<\/span>he <\/span>time <\/span>was <\/span>ripe to expand <\/span>the role of local <\/span>news <\/span>broadcasting<\/span>. <\/span>Under this arrangement, <\/span>station <\/span>managers <\/span>and owners <\/span>would determine <\/span>which subjects w<\/span>ere <\/span>appropriate to <\/span>address <\/span>in their <\/span>editorials<\/span> <\/span>and which ones w<\/span>ere<\/span>n<\/span>\u2019<\/span>t<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nGreater <\/span>community <\/span>responsibility<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland <\/span>led to <\/span>more <\/span>of its <\/span>radio personalities <\/span>reporting <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>local <\/span>conferences<\/span> and events<\/span> to interested fans<\/span>. <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>Big Wilson and Joe Finan <\/span>not only attended the Eastern Ohio Teachers Association <\/span>Meeting on <\/span>October 17, 1958<\/span>; but also, presented <\/span>their <\/span>findings <\/span>regarding <\/span>the <\/span>many <\/span>critical <\/span>problems <\/span>currently <\/span>facing <\/span>today\u2019s <\/span>teachers.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW D.J.\u2019s Provide New Angle,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span><\/span><\/em>, November 3, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Dramatic <\/span>adjustments <\/span>in <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>had <\/span>convinced <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>very <\/span>perceptive <\/span>Board of Directors <\/span>to <\/span>rely on <\/span>a <\/span>far <\/span>more <\/span>aggressive<\/span> <\/span>sales <\/span>team<\/span> to sell <\/span>its <\/span>word<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Am Radio S<\/span>ales <\/span>replac<\/span>ed<\/span> Peters, Griffin & Woodward<\/span> in July <\/span>\u2018<\/span>59<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWBC Subsidiary Unit to Rep Radio Outlets,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>November 17, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>decision <\/span>to <\/span>switch <\/span>agencies <\/span>extended <\/span>beyond the need for change per ce.\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he fact <\/span>that WBC<\/span> <\/span>had recently become the <\/span>m<\/span>aj<\/span>ority <\/span>owner of <\/span>Am Radio<\/span> Sales<\/span> <\/span>played a big role<\/span> in that choice<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Apparently, <\/span>the<\/span> board\u2019s <\/span>strategy <\/span>paid off <\/span>well<\/span>. Within a year, <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> a<\/span>dvertising <\/span>revenue <\/span>had <\/span>increased <\/span>by 340%<\/span>. <\/span>Its <\/span>nighttime <\/span>talk show \u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>set <\/span>the <\/span>stage <\/span>for much <\/span>of <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cDetergent \u2018A\u2019 is Moving Well Tonight,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 1, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0A <\/span>12% <\/span>local <\/span>increase in <\/span>new car sales <\/span>over the past year<\/span>,<\/span> due <\/span>mainly <\/span>to <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>extraordinary <\/span>sales<\/span> <\/span>growth<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>was <\/span>truly <\/span>a<\/span>mazing <\/span>especially when <\/span>you <\/span>consider <\/span>that <\/span>during that same <\/span>twelve<\/span>-<\/span>month<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>there was a 20% <\/span>drop <\/span>countrywide<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Cleveland,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>July 1959.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Hoping to <\/span>significantly <\/span>improve the marketing skills of <\/span>its <\/span>competitors l<\/span>ed <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>distribut<\/span>e its-own<\/span> <\/span><\/span>How to Make Radio Campaigns Move Goods in Local Markets<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>current unstable <\/span>market <\/span>scene <\/span>led <\/span>RCA<\/span>-NBC<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>select <\/span>WJW <\/span>over WHK <\/span>as <\/span>its <\/span>latest <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>affiliate<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cTV-Radio Realm Was Busy Place,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 28, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span> <\/span>spokespersons <\/span>claimed that W<\/span>JW<\/span> <\/span>at 850 <\/span>A<\/span>M <\/span>attracted <\/span>a <\/span>far <\/span>big<\/span>ger <\/span>listening <\/span>audience<\/span> than WHK<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>did <\/span>no<\/span>t<\/span> comment<\/span> on that <\/span>development<\/span>. Little did <\/span>that <\/span>Westinghouse station realize <\/span>that <\/span>its<\/span> extraordinary <\/span>business and <\/span>financial <\/span>success<\/span> <\/span>would soon <\/span>be <\/span>wrought with <\/span>scandal?<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nNineteen fifty-nine began with <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>highly <\/span>acclaimed <\/span>News Director <\/span>Sanford Markey<\/span> <\/span>moving his operations <\/span>from Cleveland <\/span>to Washington, D.C<\/span>. <\/span>to become <\/span>Westinghouse\u2019s <\/span>new <\/span>Chief <\/span>Congress<\/span>ional <\/span>C<\/span>orrespondent.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cTV-Radio Realm Was Busy Place,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 28, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>His <\/span>in-depth <\/span>reports <\/span>became <\/span>a daily feature <\/span>of <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>. At the same time, <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>outstanding <\/span>outlet <\/span>began <\/span>expand<\/span>ing <\/span>its record <\/span>library<\/span> <\/span>to better <\/span>serve <\/span>the growing needs of <\/span>its <\/span>many <\/span>DJs<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On the FM side<\/span> of the dial<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>p<\/span>rogrammers <\/span>increas<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>their <\/span>daily <\/span>air-time<\/span>. <\/span>Currently <\/span>available <\/span>from 5<\/span> <\/span>p.m. to <\/span>12 <\/span>Mid<\/span>night<\/span>, KYW-FM <\/span>would <\/span>soon be <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>twelve hours a day beginning at <\/span>N<\/span>oon<\/span>time<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cKYW Expansion Good News for Radio\u2019s Minority,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 17, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>A well-known <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>personality<\/span> <\/span>Ronnie Barrett<\/span> (1925-2005)<\/span> joined <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>KYW-<\/span>FM team <\/span>l<\/span>ed<\/span> by <\/span>D<\/span>ave Hawthorne, Myla<\/span>s Martin<\/span> and Leslie Biebi. <\/span>The station\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>GM Gordon Davis <\/span>believed <\/span>that <\/span>more broadcasting hours <\/span>per <\/span>day <\/span>would <\/span>better <\/span>satisfy <\/span>the <\/span>growing <\/span>needs of <\/span>his <\/span>FM <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>who wanted <\/span>to hear <\/span>even <\/span>more <\/span>classical <\/span>music <\/span>and <\/span>cultural <\/span>discussions<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nOn <\/span>February <\/span>8, <\/span>19<\/span>59<\/span>, <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>announcers <\/span>engaged i<\/span>n <\/span>a wildcat <\/span>strik<\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cAnnouncers for KYW Go Out on Strike,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 9, 1959.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>negotiators had <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>argued <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>demands <\/span>place on them <\/span>by <\/span>the American Federation of Television & Radio Artists <\/span>were <\/span>totally <\/span>un<\/span>reasonable<\/span>. <\/span>It<\/span>s t<\/span>op <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ers <\/span>earned <\/span>salaries <\/span>up to <\/span>$30,000 a<\/span> year<\/span> and <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>station<\/span> was not about <\/span>to <\/span>increase their wages<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Fortunately, <\/span>an agreement <\/span>was reached between the two parties quickly. It <\/span>called for a <\/span>one year <\/span>$5<\/span> <\/span>a week raise with a top weekly rate of $140 <\/span>in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>59<\/span> followed by <\/span>$145 <\/span>in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>60 and $150 <\/span>in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>61.<\/span> <\/span>Recently hired <\/span>announcers and newscasters <\/span>were to <\/span>receive <\/span>weekly pay increases <\/span>rang<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>anywhere <\/span>from <\/span>$85 to $95. <\/span>This <\/span>new <\/span>pact <\/span>also <\/span>included a tape rate <\/span>of <\/span>$85 for wild spot announcement<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Strike Settled With 3-Year Pact,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 11, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>During th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>strike, the U.S. Supreme Court <\/span>heard the <\/span>latest <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>appeal <\/span>t<\/span>o<\/span> <\/span>overturn <\/span>the Phil<\/span>adelphia<\/span>-Cleveland <\/span>station trade<\/span>. <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Justice Department <\/span>lawyers contend<\/span>e<\/span>d <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>r<\/span>o<\/span>adcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany <\/span>had knowingly <\/span>and willingly <\/span>violated federal <\/span>antitrust <\/span>statutes<\/span>. <\/span>Many legal e<\/span>xperts <\/span>firmly <\/span>believed that the <\/span>upcoming <\/span>court <\/span>ruling <\/span>might well <\/span>determine <\/span>whether the FCC<\/span> <\/span>or D<\/span>O<\/span>J<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>the <\/span>last <\/span>word <\/span>when it came to <\/span>upholding <\/span>federal <\/span>antitrust law<\/span>s <\/span>affecting <\/span>broadcast regulation<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cOption Opinion,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 9, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nKYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>Rolland Tooke<\/span> <\/span>took exception <\/span>to <\/span>the way in which <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>officials were <\/span>handling <\/span>the <\/span>proposed Mall C <\/span>Hilton Hotel<\/span> deal<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cAlert Bobble-Spotters Keep KYW on Toes,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em>, <\/span>February 24, 1959.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>strongly <\/span>recommended that <\/span>the powers-to-be <\/span>at Cleveland City Hall <\/span>should <\/span>carefully <\/span>review <\/span>the Cleveland Development Foundation<\/span>\u2019s suggestions<\/span> <\/span>for this project <\/span>before <\/span>making any <\/span>final <\/span>decision<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>it<\/span>. <\/span>Regrettably, <\/span>city <\/span>leaders <\/span>did not<\/span> heed<\/span> <\/span>Tooke\u2019s <\/span>advice <\/span>and th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>proposed <\/span>hotel <\/span>w<\/span>ent nowhere<\/span>. <\/span>KYW-AM <\/span>latest <\/span>promotion<\/span>al<\/span> campaign <\/span>called <\/span>\u201cNicest Things Happen<\/span>\u201d <\/span>concentrated on <\/span>\u201c<\/span>nice<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>stories and songs<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNicest Things Happen For Audience, Advertisers,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>P<\/span>art of <\/span>that promotion <\/span>included <\/span>g<\/span>iving <\/span>away <\/span>a <\/span>houseboat to <\/span>one <\/span>luck<\/span>y<\/span> visitor <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Mid-<\/span>America Boat Show. <\/span>Fortunately<\/span>, th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>publicity <\/span>campaign did not <\/span>begin and end <\/span>with that <\/span>single <\/span>give away<\/span>. It also in<\/span>volved <\/span>a<\/span> red costumed <\/span>imp <\/span>who <\/span>paid <\/span>customer bills at <\/span>numerous <\/span>popular <\/span>supermarket<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>However, <\/span>for someone <\/span>to win<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>grocery <\/span>bill<\/span> <\/span>had to in<\/span>clude the <\/span>number <\/span>eleven <\/span>in it<\/span>. <\/span>In addition, <\/span>KYW <\/span>advertisers <\/span>received <\/span>complement<\/span>ary drinks courtesy <\/span>of <\/span>Kroger Foods<\/span>. <\/span>Of course<\/span>,<\/span> there was a <\/span>catch<\/span> <\/span>to<\/span> it<\/span>. <\/span>Those p<\/span>erson<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>ligible for <\/span>th<\/span>os<\/span>e <\/span>free <\/span>drinks <\/span>had to <\/span>prove that <\/span>their <\/span>birthday<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>within <\/span>the last three months.<\/span> <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>also led the <\/span>local <\/span>pack <\/span>w<\/span>hen it introduced <\/span>a <\/span>new, <\/span>highly <\/span>informative<\/span> <\/span>five-minute <\/span>segment called <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Point of View<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[footnote]\u201cCue Magazine Adds FM Programming After Its Research Affirms Audience,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Experts<\/span> <\/span>from a wide host of fields <\/span>covered <\/span>the arts, business<\/span> and <\/span>education <\/span>to <\/span>music<\/span>, <\/span>science and sports. <\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Supreme Court <\/span>in Mar<\/span>ch <\/span>19<\/span>59 <\/span>decided <\/span>that the D<\/span>OJ did <\/span>indeed <\/span>have <\/span>the <\/span>legal <\/span>authority <\/span>to initiate antitrust <\/span>law <\/span>suit<\/span>s<\/span> against the <\/span>FCC <\/span>especially <\/span>when it c<\/span>oncerned <\/span>the <\/span>issuance of <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>license<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cTwo Supreme Court Haymakers,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 2, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>However, before the<\/span> U.S. Justice Department <\/span>could <\/span>proceed<\/span> <\/span>with its prosecution of <\/span>NBC<\/span>, <\/span>it <\/span>had to <\/span>first <\/span>prove that <\/span>the network <\/span>had <\/span>knowingly and <\/span>willfully <\/span>engaged in fraudulent activities <\/span>that <\/span>prompted <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>monopoly<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>ensur<\/span>e<\/span> its <\/span>control of <\/span>its <\/span>company-<\/span>own<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>stations. In the <\/span>end<\/span>,<\/span> the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in <\/span>favor of the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>claiming <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>federal <\/span>courts<\/span>,<\/span> and not the F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunication <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>ha<\/span>d<\/span> the <\/span>last say <\/span>when it came to <\/span>examining <\/span>antitrust violations<\/span> <\/span>committed <\/span>by third <\/span>part<\/span>ies<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAt the same time, <\/span>the <\/span>Philco<\/span> <\/span>Company <\/span>filed <\/span>a <\/span>formal <\/span>legal <\/span>complaint <\/span>against <\/span>th<\/span>at federal regulatory commission <\/span>pertaining <\/span>to <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>latest <\/span>request <\/span>that focused on <\/span>re<\/span>newing <\/span>its <\/span>Phil<\/span>adelphia <\/span>television <\/span>license<\/span>. <\/span>Philco\u2019s <\/span>legal <\/span>defense <\/span>contended <\/span>that automatically renewing <\/span>the <\/span>WRCV<\/span>-Philadelphia<\/span> license <\/span>would <\/span>have <\/span>give<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>d<\/span>ecided<\/span> <\/span>business <\/span>advantage <\/span>over <\/span>other<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>equally <\/span>qualified <\/span>broadcasters<\/span> <\/span>who <\/span>want<\/span>ed<\/span> to <\/span>seek <\/span>out <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>sa<\/span>m<\/span>e <\/span>lucrative <\/span>franchise<\/span>. The <\/span>feds <\/span>rejected <\/span>Philco\u2019s <\/span>claim<\/span>.<\/span> They said <\/span>that <\/span>its legal <\/span>arguments were <\/span>full of loopholes and <\/span>that NBC<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>not<\/span> <\/span>participat<\/span>ed in <\/span>any <\/span>illicit <\/span>business <\/span>practices <\/span>based on <\/span>so<\/span> called <\/span>fear<\/span>s<\/span> that other Phil<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>stations <\/span>intended <\/span>to <\/span>challenge <\/span>its <\/span>right to re<\/span>new <\/span>its <\/span>present <\/span>television <\/span>license<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>A<\/span> <\/span>subsequent <\/span>law <\/span>suit filed by Philco<\/span>\u2019s attorneys<\/span> <\/span>demanded <\/span>triple damages<\/span> stemming from <\/span>alleged <\/span>legal <\/span>infractions<\/span> <\/span>committed<\/span> <\/span>against <\/span>it <\/span>by <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nA <\/span>press release on <\/span>March 4<\/span>, 19<\/span>59 <\/span>announced <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>Johnny Bell <\/span>had left KYW-Cleveland <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>Sunshine state and <\/span>WINZ<\/span> in M<\/span>iami<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cBell to Leave KYW for Miami, Fla., Job,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 4, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>He had been <\/span>at <\/span>1100 <\/span>AM <\/span>for <\/span>the past <\/span>three years. <\/span>That same month, <\/span>Gordon Davis <\/span>presented a<\/span> <\/span>very <\/span>powerful <\/span>editorial decr<\/span>ying <\/span>state officials <\/span>for the<\/span>ir impro<\/span>p<\/span>er<\/span> <\/span>handl<\/span>ing <\/span>of <\/span>auto <\/span>plate<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>fees<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Blasts Aimed at Tag System,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 7, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>In the past year<\/span> alone<\/span>,<\/span> the<\/span>y <\/span>had <\/span>collected more than <\/span>$35,000 in <\/span>add<\/span>itional <\/span>charges<\/span>.<\/span> According to <\/span>Davis,<\/span> <\/span>th<\/span>is was<\/span> \u201cparty political <\/span>gravy\u201d <\/span>a<\/span>ll<\/span> <\/span>part of <\/span>what he <\/span>labeled<\/span> <\/span>\u201cOperation Stickup.\u201d <\/span>In the spring of \u201859<\/span>, <\/span>KYW <\/span>welcomed <\/span>the <\/span>dynamic <\/span>Wally King<\/span> to <\/span>its <\/span>popular <\/span>nighttime <\/span>lineup<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWally King Cleveland\u2019s King of Hearts Moves to KYW Radio 1100 as Host of the All Night Show,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 21, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>After <\/span>a brief stint in <\/span>Philly, <\/span>Joe Mulvihill<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>also <\/span>known<\/span> as \u201cJump for Joe<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>retu<\/span>rned to Cleveland and <\/span>took over <\/span>Wally <\/span>King<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>former time <\/span>s<\/span>lot <\/span>on <\/span>WJW-<\/span>850<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cPlayhouse 90 to Break TV Precedent in Presenting Hemingway\u2019s Saga of Spanish War,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 11, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0Called \u201cthe King of Hearts,\u201d Kin<\/span>g remained <\/span>in Cleveland <\/span>for two years before <\/span>relocat<\/span>ing to <\/span>WNEW<\/span> in New York<\/span> City<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nOn March 28, 19<\/span>59<\/span>,<\/span> KY<\/span>W<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in cooperation with <\/span>Kroger Foods<\/span>,<\/span> sponsored its <\/span>annual <\/span>\u201cEaster Hunt<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cPeter Gunn to Shoot Chapters in Hospital,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>March 26, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Big Wilson hosted <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>popular <\/span>family event <\/span>that was held <\/span>in <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>Edgewater Park<\/span>. W<\/span>estinghouse al<\/span>so <\/span>announced that it was <\/span>about <\/span>to <\/span>mov<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>radio and television <\/span>studios <\/span>from the Superior Building to the <\/span>former <\/span>East Ohio Gas Company <\/span>Building<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>The radio station would occupy the third floor<\/span> of its new facility<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Move to Old East Ohio Building Gets <\/span>Approval<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 2, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0I<\/span>n April, <\/span>KYW <\/span>welcomed the <\/span>long a<\/span>nticipated <\/span>baseball season by <\/span>sponsor<\/span>ing <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>marathon.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cMass in Jazz to Get Airing on WERE-FM,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 9, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It <\/span>featured <\/span>some of the <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Indians greats <\/span>of the day <\/span>such as <\/span>Joe Gordon<\/span>, <\/span>Frank Lane a<\/span>nd <\/span>the team\u2019s owner William Daley. <\/span>L<\/span>ate<\/span>r that<\/span> <\/span>same <\/span>spring, the U.S. Weather Bureau made KYW\u2019s transmitter <\/span>in Broadview Hts, OH one of its <\/span>official <\/span>local <\/span>reporting <\/span>sites<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW is Going Into the Weather Reporting Field,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 28, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The <\/span>following <\/span>month<\/span>, <\/span>its <\/span>VP Rolland Tooke <\/span>left KYW<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>bec<\/span>o<\/span>me <\/span>the <\/span>new <\/span>Executive VP<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>O<\/span>perations<\/span>. A<\/span> <\/span>highly <\/span>respected manager<\/span> with a l<\/span>ong <\/span>list of <\/span>great <\/span>accomplishments<\/span>, <\/span>Tooke <\/span>had <\/span>supervised <\/span>the <\/span>relocation<\/span> efforts <\/span>that brought <\/span>KYW <\/span>radio and television <\/span>to <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> in January \u2018<\/span>56<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cCondon on Tooke KYW Head Soon to Leave Post Here for New Duties as New York Executive,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 3, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>April 1<\/span>7<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>was <\/span>the <\/span>final <\/span>day of <\/span>t<\/span>he <\/span>West End Furniture <\/span>and Appliance <\/span>Company<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>\u201cCaloric Gold Star Sell-a<\/span>-<\/span>B<\/span>ration<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Intent on <\/span>selling <\/span>a record <\/span>breaking <\/span>number of <\/span>big and small <\/span>appliances<\/span>, <\/span>West End Furniture <\/span>had <\/span>arranged for <\/span>Joe Finan<\/span> to <\/span>remote<\/span>ly<\/span> broadcast <\/span>his <\/span>popular <\/span>show <\/span>from <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>crowded <\/span>showroom. <\/span>Finan\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>exciting <\/span>broadcast<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>motivated <\/span>hundreds of customers <\/span>to <\/span>purchas<\/span>e<\/span> all <\/span>kinds <\/span>of appliances from that <\/span>well-known <\/span>westside <\/span>distributor<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cLast Day of the Fabulous Caloric Gold Star Sell-A-<\/span>Bration<\/span>!\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 17, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>S<\/span>tar studded <\/span>celebrations<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>like that <\/span>one<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>assured <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>long-lasting<\/span> <\/span>popularity<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span>in Greater Cleveland<\/span>. <\/span>How could it <\/span>be otherwise<\/span>? <\/span>Everyone wanted to be a winner and KYW radio certainly <\/span>met <\/span>that criterion<\/span> in the Fab<\/span>ulous Fifties<\/span>. <\/span>The second half of <\/span>19<\/span>59 <\/span>led to some <\/span>unexpected <\/span>changes and <\/span>new <\/span>developments <\/span>that <\/span>sho<\/span>o<\/span>k the very foundations of <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>","rendered":"

The introduction of <\/span>a <\/span>new, <\/span>fun-<\/span>packed <\/span>program <\/span>called <\/span>\u201cOn the Go\u201d <\/span>and a <\/span>rejuvenated <\/span>\u201cAlmanac\u201d <\/span>show <\/span>helped to <\/span>re<\/span>vitalize <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>morning <\/span>lineup<\/span> in <\/span>the winter of <\/span>19<\/span>5<\/span>7.[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>February<\/span>, <\/span>McGannon<\/span> celebrated National Electrical Week<\/span> by <\/span>remind<\/span>ing <\/span>everyone <\/span>about <\/span>Thomas Edison\u2019s many <\/span>contribution<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>o th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>important <\/span>fiel<\/span>d.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>D<\/span>azzling <\/span>advertising, <\/span>exclusive <\/span>interviews a<\/span>nd <\/span>fun <\/span>tours of the <\/span>Superior <\/span>Building\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>studio<\/span>s <\/span>highlighted that week-long<\/span> event<\/span>. To<\/span> <\/span>honor <\/span>its <\/span>first anniversary<\/span> in Cleveland<\/span>, <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>sponsor<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>Valentine\u2019s Day party called <\/span>\u201cThe Twin Heats Ball<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> Hosted by <\/span>a <\/span>popular <\/span>celebrity <\/span>and singer <\/span>Helen O\u2019Connell<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>all of <\/span>its <\/span>proceeds <\/span>went to <\/span>charit<\/span>ie<\/span>s.[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A <\/span>former <\/span>WTAM<\/span>-Radio<\/span> announcer and <\/span>Hollywood star named J<\/span>im Backus<\/span> (1913-1989)<\/span> <\/span>made a<\/span> <\/span>guest <\/span>appearance <\/span>on <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>new <\/span>night<\/span>time<\/span> <\/span>talk show <\/span>known as <\/span>\u201cDimensions<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>While there h<\/span>e presented <\/span>the <\/span>station with <\/span>his latest <\/span>\u201cMr. Magoo\u201d album. <\/span>Backus\u2019s nephew Johnny Bell <\/span>was <\/span>one of <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>bright<\/span>est<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>radio <\/span>stars<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>February <\/span>\u2018<\/span>57 <\/span>ratings <\/span>s<\/span>howed <\/span>1100 AM <\/span>still <\/span>at the top <\/span>of <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>heap<\/span>,<\/span> and why not?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Eighty-nine percent <\/span>of <\/span>all <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>ers<\/span> <\/span>listen<\/span>ed <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>KYW <\/span>each and <\/span>every <\/span>morning<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>According to <\/span>the <\/span>latest <\/span>Nielsen <\/span>ratings <\/span>it <\/span>led its closest <\/span>rival <\/span>by <\/span>nearly<\/span> <\/span>9<\/span>3<\/span>%.<\/span>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Such a <\/span>convincing <\/span>lead <\/span>encouraged <\/span>Don <\/span>McGannon to <\/span>recommend <\/span>that <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>executives <\/span>throughout the country <\/span>should <\/span>hop on <\/span>the W<\/span>BC <\/span>bandwagon.<\/span> He said <\/span>it <\/span>would be silly <\/span>for them <\/span>not to <\/span>do <\/span>s<\/span>o.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The second half of <\/span>the <\/span>\u2018<\/span>50s <\/span>signified <\/span>a <\/span>time <\/span>of <\/span>rapid <\/span>change<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>throughout <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span>. <\/span>R<\/span>ecogniz<\/span>ing <\/span>that industry\u2019s <\/span>impressive<\/span> <\/span>recent <\/span>growth<\/span> <\/span>l<\/span>ed <\/span>the U.S. Bureau of Labor <\/span>to <\/span>devote<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>n entire <\/span>section <\/span>of its <\/span>latest <\/span>edition of <\/span><\/span>Occupational Outlook Handbook<\/span><\/span><\/em> to <\/span>radio and television a<\/span>nnouncer<\/span>s.[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As it <\/span>noted<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>currently <\/span>employed <\/span>a<\/span>round <\/span>ten thousand<\/span>. They <\/span>read <\/span>commercials<\/span> and <\/span>news<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>introduced <\/span>program<\/span>s<\/span> and station identifications<\/span>. Th<\/span>ose broadcasters <\/span>also <\/span>interview<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>studio <\/span>guests a<\/span>nd <\/span>serve<\/span>d<\/span> as Masters of Ceremonies at major events. Salaries for those announcers varied greatly based on market size, fees and commissions. In large urban markets, DJs could earn more than $10,000 a year.[8]<\/sup><\/a> Often required to work both evenings and weekends, the announcer\u2019s workday encompassed preparation as well as broadcasting time. Maintaining a loyal listening audience required local radio stations to go beyond just playing records and promoting friendly banter. For example, radio personalities had to participate regularly in community events. All of that was considered essential for successful broadcasters.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R<\/span>eworking and updating <\/span>popular <\/span>programs <\/span>to <\/span>better <\/span>reflect <\/span>changing<\/span> <\/span>public <\/span>demands <\/span>w<\/span>as<\/span> <\/span>expected<\/span> industry-wide<\/span>.<\/span> In the case of <\/span>KYW<\/span>–<\/span>11<\/span>, its <\/span>many intelligent <\/span>celebr<\/span>ities <\/span>did not hesitate<\/span> <\/span>to experiment<\/span> in <\/span>previously <\/span>un<\/span>tested <\/span>waters<\/span> if <\/span>such actions might <\/span>help to <\/span>improve their ratings<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Topping that <\/span>list of innovative <\/span>young <\/span>announcers <\/span>was <\/span>KYW\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>own <\/span>Wes Hopkins<\/span>. He<\/span> <\/span>epitomized <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>kind of <\/span>self-<\/span>confiden<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>disc jockey <\/span>who <\/span>didn\u2019t hesitate to <\/span>push the envelope<\/span>. <\/span>In his case, <\/span>he <\/span>hosted <\/span>a<\/span>n exciting <\/span>new <\/span>music<\/span>al <\/span>show <\/span>called <\/span>\u201cBirdland Stars of \u201957<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> Broadcasted <\/span>life from the <\/span>Halle Brothers<\/span> Department Store<\/span> downtown<\/span>, <\/span>Hopkins <\/span>interviewed <\/span>some of <\/span>the <\/span>greatest <\/span>jazz <\/span>artists <\/span>of <\/span>that<\/span> time<\/span>. <\/span>They included m<\/span>usic<\/span> legends <\/span>like <\/span>Count Basie <\/span>(1904-1984) <\/span>and Bud Powell <\/span>(1924-1966) <\/span>along with <\/span>promising <\/span>young <\/span>singers <\/span>such as <\/span>Jeri Southern<\/span> (1926-1991)<\/span> and Sarah Vaughn<\/span> (1924-1990)<\/span>.<\/span>[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Extending the bounds of broadcasting, exceptional new o<\/span>fferings <\/span>including <\/span>\u201cBirdland Stars of \u201857<\/span>\u201d <\/span>only added to <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>growing <\/span>reputation for <\/span>providing <\/span>some of <\/span>the <\/span>best <\/span>shows<\/span> in<\/span> town<\/span>. <\/span>But, it <\/span>included <\/span>much <\/span>more than <\/span>just presenting <\/span>outstanding <\/span>new <\/span>programs<\/span> to eager<\/span>ly awaiting<\/span> audience<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>Relying on <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>devices <\/span>such <\/span>as <\/span>speedy <\/span>mobile units, <\/span>the latest <\/span>phone<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>ystems<\/span> and <\/span>high quality <\/span>tape recorders <\/span>gave that <\/span>award winning <\/span>station <\/span>a cutting edge over <\/span>the <\/span>rest<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Being able to <\/span>keep <\/span>c<\/span>osts <\/span>down <\/span>while <\/span>getting the biggest bang for the buck<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>enabled <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>discerning <\/span>sales force <\/span>to take full advantage of any<\/span> <\/span>spot advertising<\/span> <\/span>chances <\/span>that might <\/span>suddenly <\/span>appear<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>literally <\/span>blew the competition <\/span>away by <\/span>consistently <\/span>offering <\/span>perspective<\/span> advertisers <\/span>reasonably <\/span>priced<\/span> <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing<\/span> time<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As they said <\/span>themselves <\/span>\u201cit <\/span>has proven to be importantly less expensive to reach more people by KYW radio than any other mediu<\/span>m now available in Cleveland.\u201d<\/span>[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This station <\/span>also led <\/span>its chief <\/span>competitors <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>discussing <\/span>difficult <\/span>community <\/span>problems <\/span>a<\/span>s well as <\/span>personal <\/span>matters<\/span>. <\/span>That became <\/span>apparent <\/span>as <\/span>early<\/span> as <\/span>June <\/span>\u2018<\/span>57 <\/span>when <\/span>a <\/span>KYW <\/span>newscaster<\/span> <\/span>named <\/span>Aaron Jackson <\/span>conducted an in-depth interview with <\/span>Common Pleas Court Justice Samuel Silbert<\/span> (1883-1976)<\/span>. They <\/span>pondered <\/span>the <\/span>major <\/span>reasons <\/span>leading to <\/span>the <\/span>growing <\/span>backlog <\/span>in the <\/span>court <\/span>docket<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>ystem<\/span> a<\/span>nd <\/span>wh<\/span>at prompted <\/span>the <\/span>astounding <\/span>increase in the <\/span>number of <\/span>divorce cases<\/span> during the past year<\/span>.<\/span>[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Other <\/span>radio <\/span>giant<\/span>s <\/span>in Cleveland <\/span>r<\/span>ar<\/span>ely<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>if ever<\/span>,<\/span> went be<\/span>yond <\/span>the <\/span>surface<\/span> <\/span>when <\/span>it came to <\/span>discussing <\/span>such <\/span>matters<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Later that month, <\/span>KYW-<\/span>radio <\/span>again <\/span>surged ahead <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>ratings<\/span> <\/span>when it <\/span>introduced <\/span>its <\/span>lat<\/span>est <\/span>offering an in-depth <\/span>nighttime <\/span>talk show<\/span>. Called<\/span> \u201cProgram PM<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>t<\/span>his <\/span>two hour <\/span>program <\/span>dared <\/span>to be different<\/span>. Hosted by <\/span>former WDOK celebrity <\/span>Bud Wendell <\/span>(b. 1923)<\/span>;<\/span> \u201cProgram PM\u201d<\/span> <\/span>prided itself on <\/span>its no holds <\/span>a<\/span>pproach <\/span>towards some of that <\/span>are<\/span>a\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>provocative <\/span>issue<\/span>s.[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0N<\/span>ot only <\/span>did <\/span>Bud <\/span>Wendell <\/span>converse with <\/span>prominent <\/span>business, <\/span>civic, <\/span>community <\/span>and health leaders<\/span> on <\/span>countless <\/span>crucial matters<\/span>; but also<\/span>, <\/span>high profile <\/span>celebrities<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>even <\/span>some infamous <\/span>characters<\/span> <\/span>that had <\/span>ma<\/span>de <\/span>the <\/span>recent <\/span>headlines<\/span>. <\/span>He <\/span>also <\/span>explored <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>highly <\/span>respected <\/span>cultural <\/span>scene<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Hailed <\/span>for its <\/span>diversity<\/span>, <\/span>radio <\/span>programmers <\/span>throughout the <\/span>nation <\/span>increasingly <\/span>wondered <\/span>whether <\/span>the<\/span>ir time would be better spent broadcasting <\/span>similar <\/span>talk shows<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, t<\/span>he verdict was <\/span>still <\/span>out <\/span>as to <\/span>how far <\/span>KYW-R<\/span>adio<\/span> <\/span>might <\/span>better <\/span>serve <\/span>the <\/span>growing needs of <\/span>their <\/span>locally-grown <\/span>tee<\/span>n<\/span>age audience<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Many <\/span>lead<\/span>ing <\/span>the <\/span>opposi<\/span>tion to <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music f<\/span>irmly <\/span>believed <\/span>that it <\/span>would <\/span>disappear <\/span>once young <\/span>people discovered <\/span>something <\/span>better<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In fact, m<\/span>any <\/span>of the area\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>conservative <\/span>religious leaders <\/span>showed <\/span>little<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>if any, <\/span>sympathy<\/span> <\/span>regarding <\/span>this <\/span>latest <\/span>music<\/span>al<\/span> craze<\/span>. <\/span>Some <\/span>went so far as to <\/span>suggest<\/span> that <\/span>it<\/span>s wild <\/span>sounding <\/span>music and <\/span>provocative <\/span>lyrics<\/span> <\/span>encourag<\/span>ed <\/span>violence<\/span> among teens and <\/span>y<\/span>oung adults<\/span>. <\/span>However, <\/span>its <\/span>growing number of <\/span>s<\/span>upporters claimed <\/span>that rock and roll music <\/span>w<\/span>a<\/span>s<\/span> a<\/span> <\/span>positive <\/span>good<\/span>. It <\/span>provi<\/span>d<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>teenagers <\/span>a <\/span>safe <\/span>harbor for them <\/span>to <\/span>unleash <\/span>their pent up <\/span>emotions<\/span>. <\/span>For t<\/span>h<\/span>os<\/span>e kids want<\/span>ing <\/span>a musical form of their own rock and roll was <\/span>definitely<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span>t.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Many <\/span>of its most ardent supporters within <\/span>the record<\/span>ing world <\/span>itself repeatedly reminded everyone that rock and roll music was supposed to be fun for everyone in the family. KYW-Cleveland took the many benefits attributed to late \u201950s rock and roll music very much to heart. Its promoters incessantly plugged it. The talk show \u201cProgram PM\u201d also did its part to help by involving teens in pertinent discussions on that very issue.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D<\/span>id th<\/span>at <\/span>extraordinary <\/span>surge in the popularity of rock and roll music convince <\/span>the bulk of <\/span>KYW-radio <\/span>programmers <\/span>to <\/span>set<\/span> <\/span>aside <\/span>their <\/span>mid<\/span>dle-if-the-<\/span>road musical format for <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>new <\/span>phenomenon<\/span>? In light of <\/span>1957 <\/span>audience <\/span>preferences <\/span>one would have to say <\/span>no. <\/span>In fact, <\/span>1100 AM <\/span>p<\/span>rided itself on p<\/span>lay<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>all kinds <\/span>of <\/span>music<\/span> <\/span>during<\/span> the Fabulous Fifties<\/span>. <\/span>Given the fact th<\/span>at <\/span>variety <\/span>was<\/span> <\/span>the spice of life, it <\/span>made <\/span>perfect <\/span>sense <\/span>for <\/span>KYW <\/span>programmers<\/span> <\/span>to<\/span> do just that<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Playing a <\/span>wide selection <\/span>of record<\/span>ing<\/span>s<\/span> along with <\/span>community bulletin boards, news, time and weather <\/span>was <\/span>much appreciated by <\/span>local <\/span>listene<\/span>r<\/span>s. <\/span>Simply supplying <\/span>random <\/span>records <\/span>with <\/span>use<\/span>less <\/span>chatter<\/span> <\/span>no longer <\/span>was <\/span>enough <\/span>for <\/span>the<\/span> ever<\/span> <\/span>changing <\/span>radio biz<\/span>.<\/span>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he fact that <\/span>many <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>advertisers <\/span>still <\/span>preferred <\/span>th<\/span>e middle-of-the-road <\/span>approach<\/span> towards<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting<\/span> <\/span>weigh<\/span>ed<\/span> heav<\/span>il<\/span>y <\/span>on <\/span>less traditional <\/span>promoters who increasingly <\/span>favor<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>the new <\/span>Top 40<\/span> variety of<\/span> radio<\/span>. <\/span>However, <\/span>traditional <\/span>advertisers and <\/span>radio <\/span>managers<\/span> <\/span>gradually <\/span>acknowledge<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>importance of catering <\/span>more t<\/span>o <\/span>the needs <\/span>and wants <\/span>of <\/span>younger<\/span> <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>over <\/span>their older <\/span>fan<\/span> ba<\/span>s<\/span>e<\/span>. This was true <\/span>even if th<\/span>eir actions <\/span>ultimately <\/span>resulted in th<\/span>em <\/span>having to <\/span>sacrific<\/span>e<\/span> their more <\/span>affluent<\/span>, traditional<\/span> listen<\/span>ers <\/span>for the <\/span>less well-off<\/span>,<\/span> younger set<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Periodic surveys<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>aken <\/span>by <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>,<\/span> enabled <\/span>their <\/span>sharp <\/span>program<\/span>mers <\/span>to <\/span>not only <\/span>stay <\/span>abreast <\/span>of <\/span>drastic <\/span>changes <\/span>occurring <\/span>in listening habits<\/span>; but also, <\/span>make <\/span>any adjustments <\/span>whenever necessary.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Up-to-date <\/span>p<\/span>rogram<\/span> planning <\/span>generally <\/span>produced <\/span>high<\/span>er <\/span>ratings<\/span> and <\/span>large<\/span>r <\/span>listening <\/span>audience<\/span>s<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Everyone <\/span>in<\/span>volved in <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>knew that <\/span>was <\/span>true<\/span>. The <\/span>keen <\/span>business <\/span>insight <\/span>regularly <\/span>demonstrated <\/span>by <\/span>KYW radio <\/span>p<\/span>rogrammers <\/span>extended <\/span>far beyond <\/span>playing <\/span>the <\/span>same old <\/span>stack of <\/span>r<\/span>ecords <\/span>endorsed <\/span>by <\/span>long<\/span>–<\/span>established <\/span>trade journals. <\/span>Such <\/span>old hat <\/span>approach<\/span>es <\/span>towards broadcasting seemed <\/span>less and less appropriate <\/span>with<\/span>in this <\/span>new<\/span>, <\/span>winner<\/span>–<\/span>take<\/span>–<\/span>all<\/span> environment<\/span>. <\/span>Don McGannon was <\/span>absolutely correct<\/span> in his <\/span>latest <\/span>assessment<\/span> of <\/span>current <\/span>industry trends<\/span>. <\/span>He said that c<\/span>anny <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>demand<\/span>ed<\/span> that <\/span>their favorite <\/span>radio <\/span>stations <\/span>not only <\/span>play the <\/span>latest <\/span>hits<\/span>; but also, broadcast <\/span>up-to-the-minute <\/span>community programs, <\/span>news<\/span>casts<\/span>, sports, traffic<\/span> and <\/span>weather<\/span>. KYW<\/span>-Radio <\/span>precisely <\/span>followed those new<\/span>, <\/span>broadly <\/span>broadcasting guidelines<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Similar thinking <\/span>affected <\/span>the <\/span>FM <\/span>side <\/span>of <\/span>the<\/span> dial <\/span>even if <\/span>its <\/span>programming <\/span>needs were <\/span>different. <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>introduced <\/span>a<\/span> number <\/span>of <\/span>intellectual<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>stimulating <\/span>shows <\/span>intended <\/span>for <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>more astute <\/span>listen<\/span>ing audience<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Without a doubt, <\/span>FM radio <\/span>was changing<\/span> <\/span>both <\/span>the <\/span>breath and <\/span>scope of local <\/span>broadcasting<\/span> forever<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Once <\/span>viewed as little more than <\/span>a wasteland<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>FM ban<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>in the \u2018<\/span>50s had <\/span>beg<\/span>u<\/span>n <\/span>to <\/span>gain<\/span> <\/span>some <\/span>credi<\/span>bility <\/span>with industry leaders <\/span>as it <\/span>present<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>more and more <\/span>top <\/span>quality program<\/span>ming<\/span>. <\/span>In fact, <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Company <\/span>had <\/span>taken th<\/span>at <\/span>business <\/span>challeng<\/span>e <\/span>very much <\/span>to heart <\/span>and had <\/span>institut<\/span>e<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>its own <\/span>special <\/span>shows a<\/span>imed <\/span>exactly <\/span>towards <\/span>its <\/span>new <\/span>FM <\/span>listeners<\/span>. <\/span>Obviously<\/span>, <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>FCC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>earl<\/span>ier<\/span> attempt<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>separate <\/span>AM and <\/span>FM <\/span>program<\/span>ming <\/span>had <\/span>caught<\/span> the <\/span>attention <\/span>of <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>many <\/span>discerning <\/span>programmers<\/span>.<\/span> In <\/span>July 19<\/span>57, <\/span>WBC<\/span> <\/span>publicized <\/span>the fact <\/span>that <\/span>105.7 <\/span>on <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>FM <\/span>dial <\/span>w<\/span>ould <\/span>soon<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>airing <\/span>the very best in <\/span>classical music during <\/span>peak <\/span>hours<\/span>.<\/span>[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting\u2019s <\/span>V<\/span>P<\/span> Ronald Tooke <\/span>headed <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>tour <\/span>of <\/span>the City of <\/span>Detroit <\/span>as part of<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>highly publicized <\/span>C<\/span>leveland-Detroit Day<\/span>. <\/span>The day\u2019s <\/span>ceremonies included <\/span>Ed<\/span>win <\/span>K. <\/span>Wheeler<\/span> <\/span>(1882-1975)<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the GM <\/span>at <\/span>WWJ-Detroit<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>receiv<\/span>ing <\/span>a gold-plated mic <\/span>that <\/span>commemorat<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>his <\/span>radio <\/span>station\u2019s 37<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> anniversary. <\/span>Both <\/span>Cleveland Mayor Anthony J. Celebreez<\/span>e<\/span> (1910-1998)<\/span> and Detroit Mayor Albert E. Cobo <\/span>(1893-1957) <\/span>attended<\/span> <\/span>this event<\/span>.<\/span>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>That September, <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>proudly <\/span>unveiled <\/span>its <\/span>new <\/span>traveling show<\/span>. C<\/span>alled <\/span>the \u201cKYW Road Show<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>provid<\/span>ed <\/span>t<\/span>alented teens<\/span> <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>chance <\/span>of <\/span>performing <\/span>in <\/span>variety shows <\/span>in front of <\/span>the elderly, invalids and <\/span>orphan<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Th<\/span>ey were <\/span>training ground<\/span>s<\/span> for <\/span>young people who were planning to <\/span>enter the <\/span>entertain<\/span>ment field<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

KYW<\/span> radio<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>very skilled <\/span>programmers <\/span>knew <\/span>just <\/span>what they were doing on <\/span>so <\/span>many<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>levels. Much of the success of <\/span>\u201c<\/span>lateral programming<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>first <\/span>introduced on <\/span>\u201cProgram PM<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>originated <\/span>with <\/span>the ingenuity of <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>highly <\/span>energized <\/span>host Bud Wendell.<\/span>[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Within three months<\/span> of its debut<\/span>, <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>had sold out all of its <\/span>spot <\/span>advertising<\/span> blocks<\/span>.<\/span>[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>As you might <\/span>well <\/span>imagine<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>some of the old timers <\/span>still working <\/span>at KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>did not <\/span>fully approve of th<\/span>at station\u2019s <\/span>new <\/span>broadcasting<\/span> method<\/span>. <\/span>For that very reason, t<\/span>wo <\/span>d<\/span>issatisfied <\/span>radio <\/span>veteran<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>Tom Field and <\/span>Joe Mulvihil<\/span>l<\/span> <\/span>left <\/span>KYW <\/span>for <\/span>WRCV<\/span>.<\/span>[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>Their <\/span>sudden <\/span>departure <\/span>enabled <\/span>Dick Drury <\/span>(b. 1935) <\/span>to <\/span>join th<\/span>is <\/span>highly <\/span>animated <\/span>group of <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ers<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Previously, t<\/span>he youngest member <\/span>of the <\/span>successful <\/span>WSRS<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>lineup, <\/span>Drury took <\/span>over <\/span>both the 10:00 and <\/span>11<\/span>:15 <\/span>p.m. <\/span>time <\/span>slot<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Following his depart<\/span>ure <\/span>the <\/span>following <\/span>year<\/span>, <\/span>Dick <\/span>Drury enjoyed <\/span>lengthy <\/span>radio <\/span>s<\/span>tints<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>both <\/span>Pittsburgh and <\/span>Los Angeles.\u00a0<\/span>On another note, t<\/span>he <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>lat<\/span>est<\/span> <\/span>sensation Joe Finan <\/span>proudly <\/span>served <\/span>as the Masters of Ceremonies at the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Bands of Tomorrow Contest & Dance<\/span>.\u201d It was <\/span>held <\/span>that <\/span>Thanksgiving <\/span>Night at Public Hall<\/span>. All <\/span>proceeds<\/span> <\/span>from that <\/span>fun <\/span>event <\/span>went to the Jaycees Youth Activities Fund.<\/span>[22]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A survey <\/span>conducted <\/span>by <\/span>a <\/span>leading <\/span>Chicago <\/span>jock <\/span>Howard Miller<\/span> (1913-1994)<\/span> discovered that <\/span>teenage <\/span>girls<\/span> <\/span>bought 9<\/span>0% of <\/span>all <\/span>45s <\/span>available <\/span>o<\/span>n the U.S<\/span>.<\/span> market.<\/span>[23]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Inexpensive <\/span>p<\/span>ortable record players en<\/span>abled them <\/span>to play <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music <\/span>24\/7<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Low priced <\/span>45s <\/span>with one side <\/span>featuring <\/span>a <\/span>hit <\/span>song <\/span>and <\/span>the other <\/span>a lesser known <\/span>number <\/span>usually <\/span>performed <\/span>by the same artist <\/span>enabled <\/span>them <\/span>to <\/span>purchase <\/span>the la<\/span>test <\/span>releases <\/span>without breaking the<\/span>ir<\/span> piggy bank<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>It did not matter <\/span>to them <\/span>w<\/span>hether Atlantic, Capitol, Columbia, Decca, Mercury, Motown, RCA Victor<\/span> or <\/span>Sun<\/span> recorded their favorite <\/span>song<\/span>. <\/span>They collected <\/span>as many <\/span>45s <\/span>as <\/span>they could as <\/span>quickly as <\/span>possible<\/span>. The commercial radio-industry <\/span>did its part<\/span> <\/span>to stimulate <\/span>local <\/span>record sales <\/span>by <\/span>p<\/span>laying <\/span>the latest <\/span>rock and roll hits<\/span> <\/span>repeatedly<\/span>. <\/span>Actual playing time <\/span>for individual records <\/span>depended on <\/span>several<\/span> <\/span>factors<\/span>. <\/span>Such things as t<\/span>he<\/span> <\/span>daring <\/span>of <\/span>a<\/span> performer\u2019s <\/span>manager<\/span>,<\/span> the <\/span>perseverance <\/span>of <\/span>a <\/span>record <\/span>label<\/span> <\/span>or <\/span>the <\/span>doggedness <\/span>of <\/span>an <\/span>advertiser<\/span> <\/span>routinely <\/span>determined <\/span>what got played and how often<\/span>. <\/span>M<\/span>any <\/span>record <\/span>promoters <\/span>had <\/span>no <\/span>problem <\/span>what<\/span>soever<\/span> <\/span>in o<\/span>ffering <\/span>extraordinary <\/span>incentives <\/span>to radio personalities <\/span>who <\/span>guarantee<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>to play <\/span>their songs<\/span> <\/span>repetitively<\/span>. <\/span>Supposedly<\/span>, <\/span>marketers <\/span>sought <\/span>out <\/span>advi<\/span>ce<\/span> from seasoned DJs <\/span>as to which <\/span>ones of their <\/span>records <\/span>might <\/span>sell <\/span>well <\/span>and which ones <\/span>might <\/span>not<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>s paid consultants<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>th<\/span>ose jocks <\/span>recommended certain <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s <\/span>based <\/span>on <\/span>their <\/span>alleged <\/span>merit<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>As <\/span>long as the <\/span>celebrity<\/span> <\/span>declared <\/span>those <\/span>incentives <\/span>as earned income <\/span>th<\/span>e<\/span>n <\/span>the feds were <\/span>okay<\/span> with <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, <\/span>those not reporting that additional unearned income soon found themselves facing the <\/span>real <\/span>possibility of <\/span>federal <\/span>prosecution<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Regarding future trend<\/span>s<\/span> in <\/span>popular <\/span>music<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>some <\/span>experts in the <\/span>late \u2018<\/span>50s <\/span>including <\/span>Columbia Records<\/span> <\/span>Director <\/span>Mitch Miller <\/span>(1911-2010) <\/span>argued <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>the charisma <\/span>of rock and roll music <\/span>stemmed from <\/span>many <\/span>teen<\/span>ager<\/span>s <\/span>w<\/span>anting other <\/span>\u2018cooler\u201d <\/span>teens to <\/span>accept<\/span> them<\/span> as equals<\/span>.<\/span>[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Purchasing <\/span>the same <\/span>rock and roll record<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>the <\/span>\u201ccool\u201d kids <\/span>on the block <\/span>meant they <\/span>were <\/span>now <\/span>supposedly <\/span>part of <\/span>the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>in-crowd<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>I<\/span>n a <\/span>less serious vein<\/span>, KYW\u2019s morning man Big Wilson <\/span>s<\/span>uggested to his bosses that they might considering <\/span>making him the <\/span>host <\/span>of <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>weekly talent show<\/span>. <\/span>G<\/span>eared <\/span>f<\/span>or <\/span>young performers<\/span>, it never got beyond the initial stage<\/span>.<\/span>[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Before <\/span>arriving <\/span>in <\/span>Cleveland, <\/span>Big Wilson <\/span>had worked <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>both <\/span>Plattsburgh,<\/span> <\/span>N.Y. <\/span>and <\/span>Scranton, PA. His big break <\/span>in <\/span>radio <\/span>came <\/span>in 19<\/span>55 <\/span>when <\/span>he <\/span>joined <\/span>the staff at <\/span>KYW-<\/span>Philadelphia<\/span>.<\/span> Little did he know then that he would soon <\/span>be<\/span>come<\/span> a<\/span>n even<\/span> <\/span>big<\/span>ger <\/span>celebrity <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>emerging <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> market<\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>In <\/span>December<\/span> 1957, a<\/span> <\/span>nationally<\/span>–<\/span>respected <\/span>trade <\/span>publica<\/span>ti<\/span>on <\/span><\/span>Katz Table <\/span>Totes <\/span>Radio Spot <\/span>Costs<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>released its latest <\/span>market standings<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>national <\/span>market<\/span> rank<\/span>ing was <\/span>twenty-first <\/span>with <\/span>a <\/span>$30<\/span> <\/span>one<\/span>–<\/span>time day rate.<\/span>[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Twelve <\/span>one-minute announcements per week <\/span>over <\/span>a <\/span>thirteen <\/span>week period determined <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>present <\/span>ranking<\/span>. In terms of <\/span>r<\/span>ecent promotion<\/span>al campaigns<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KYW <\/span>proudly hosted a <\/span>special <\/span>night at Cinerama<\/span> <\/span>on December 19<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It <\/span>featured Johnny Bell, Gloria Brown, Joe Finan, Pete French, Wes Hopkins, Specs Howard, Bob Neil<\/span>, Linn Sheldon and Big Wilson.<\/span>[27]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gloria Brown <\/span>(1926-2017) <\/span>symbolized <\/span>one of <\/span>the <\/span>few <\/span>big name <\/span>female <\/span>radio personalities <\/span>in the late \u2018<\/span>50s<\/span>. Originally teamed up <\/span>w<\/span>ith Mildred Funnell <\/span>(1901-1977) <\/span>on WTAM<\/span>, <\/span>she <\/span>remained <\/span>a<\/span> s<\/span>t<\/span>aple at<\/span> KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>into the <\/span>19<\/span>6<\/span>0s<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>A.C. <\/span>Nielsen ratings<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>released in February 19<\/span>58, <\/span>ranked <\/span>1100 AM <\/span>as <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>number one <\/span>\u201c<\/span>overall<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>station<\/span>. It <\/span>enjoyed <\/span>a 134% <\/span>le<\/span>ad <\/span>over its <\/span>near<\/span>es<\/span>t <\/span>two <\/span>rival<\/span>s <\/span>da<\/span>il<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>6 a.m. to <\/span>12 <\/span>Mid<\/span>night<\/span>.<\/span>[28]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>KYW<\/span>s latest promotion<\/span>al effort <\/span>labeled <\/span>\u201cWinter Heat Wave\u201d <\/span>starred <\/span>an incredible lineup of <\/span>extremely <\/span>talent<\/span>ed radio personalities<\/span>. <\/span>It began <\/span>with Big<\/span> Wilson<\/span>, Specs Howard and Gloria Brown <\/span>in the <\/span>morning<\/span> f<\/span>ollowed by Joe Finan and Wes Hopkins<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>afternoon<\/span>, <\/span>Bud Wendell and Dick Reynolds <\/span>in the <\/span>evening<\/span> <\/span>and<\/span> ending with <\/span>Johnny Bell <\/span>overnight<\/span>.<\/span>[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>An <\/span>April 19<\/span>58 article <\/span>published <\/span>in <\/span><\/span>US Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>underscored the <\/span>grow<\/span>ing <\/span>importance of <\/span>DJs <\/span>as <\/span>prominent <\/span>local <\/span>business<\/span> leaders<\/span>.<\/span>[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>They were <\/span>considered <\/span>by many<\/span> <\/span>to be <\/span>the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>kings <\/span>of <\/span>local <\/span>radio<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Not only <\/span>did they <\/span>choose <\/span>the <\/span>records played<\/span> <\/span>on their <\/span>shows<\/span>;<\/span> but also, <\/span>frequently <\/span>influenced <\/span>programming<\/span> <\/span>decisions<\/span>. <\/span>Over the long<\/span> <\/span>haul<\/span>, <\/span>m<\/span>any <\/span>of those same <\/span>celebrities<\/span> <\/span>deliberately <\/span>increas<\/span>ed <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>amount of <\/span>rock and roll<\/span> music<\/span> they played<\/span> daily<\/span>. They saw <\/span>it <\/span>as the future of AM radio and they wanted to be a part of <\/span>it<\/span> from <\/span>the <\/span>start<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>From a business p<\/span>er<\/span>s<\/span>p<\/span>ective<\/span>,<\/span> it made <\/span>perfect <\/span>sense<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> many<\/span> <\/span>of the <\/span>large<\/span> <\/span>AM <\/span>stations <\/span>to promote <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>sound<\/span>. <\/span>By <\/span>the <\/span>end of the <\/span>\u2018<\/span>50s<\/span>, <\/span>many <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>justified <\/span>play<\/span>ing<\/span> more rock and roll <\/span>based on <\/span>the<\/span>i<\/span>r growing reliance on <\/span>a <\/span>newly <\/span>perfected <\/span>program <\/span>tactic <\/span>that was <\/span>d<\/span>esigned<\/span> for <\/span>that <\/span>kind of <\/span>music<\/span>. C<\/span>alled <\/span>the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Balaban Approach to F<\/span>orm<\/span>ula <\/span>P<\/span>rogramming<\/span>,\u201d th<\/span>is <\/span>latest <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>technique reli<\/span>ed <\/span>on <\/span>persuasive <\/span>jocks <\/span>that <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>promot<\/span>ed<\/span> numerous <\/span>products <\/span>and services<\/span> <\/span>to their <\/span>loyal <\/span>listening audience<\/span>.<\/span>[31]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This <\/span>highly <\/span>successful <\/span>on-air <\/span>a<\/span>pproach <\/span>towards radio broadcasting <\/span>g<\/span>ained even <\/span>wider <\/span>acceptance <\/span>within<\/span> the <\/span>highly <\/span>competitive <\/span>new <\/span>world of <\/span>advertising<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>was <\/span>emerg<\/span>ing <\/span>in the early 19<\/span>60s<\/span>. <\/span>I<\/span>ncreasingly<\/span>,<\/span> larger and larger number of r<\/span>adio l<\/span>isteners <\/span>trusted <\/span>their <\/span>local <\/span>dis<\/span>k<\/span> <\/span>jockeys<\/span> <\/span>when <\/span>they endors<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>ertain<\/span> <\/span>product<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>and services <\/span>over others<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>knew <\/span>that <\/span>th<\/span>eir favorite <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>always <\/span>had their back. Hollywood actors doing voiceovers rarely enjoyed that kind <\/span>of <\/span>blind <\/span>faith<\/span>. <\/span>For example<\/span>,<\/span> l<\/span>arge number<\/span>s<\/span> of rock and roll <\/span>enthusiasts <\/span>were <\/span>quite <\/span>familiar<\/span> with <\/span>the voice<\/span>s<\/span> of <\/span>WABC\u2019s Dan Ingram<\/span>,<\/span> W<\/span>QAM\u2019s Rick Shaw, KXOX\u2019s Johnny Rabbit or KJR\u2019s Pat O\u2019Day<\/span>,<\/span> to name but a few<\/span>, but <\/span>only a handful <\/span>recognized <\/span>popular <\/span>Hollywood <\/span>celebrity <\/span>voice<\/span>o<\/span>ver<\/span>s <\/span>such as <\/span>Mason Adams, <\/span>Harry Landers, <\/span>William Schallert<\/span> or David Wayne<\/span>. <\/span>Increasingly, <\/span>the radio industry <\/span>relied on <\/span>this <\/span>new<\/span>ly sharpened<\/span> <\/span>program <\/span>form<\/span>ula <\/span>to sell <\/span>more and more <\/span>products and services<\/span> to <\/span>its many <\/span>eager fans<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>April, <\/span>KY-11 <\/span>received t<\/span>he prestigious Alfred E. Sloan Award <\/span>for <\/span>its <\/span>acclaimed <\/span>highway safety<\/span> programs<\/span>.<\/span>[32]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>KYW-Radio\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>growing number of <\/span>useful <\/span>service<\/span>-related<\/span> activities covered <\/span>the <\/span>gamut<\/span>. They included <\/span>such things as <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>traffic court, <\/span>promoting <\/span>good citizenship <\/span>at local schools <\/span>a<\/span>nd <\/span>airing <\/span>current <\/span>traffic <\/span>con<\/span>gestion<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile in <\/span>Washington<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>D.C., <\/span>the <\/span>F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> <\/span>reaffirmed <\/span>its <\/span>previously <\/span>approval of <\/span>the <\/span>NBC-<\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>trade<\/span>. Presented <\/span>its argument <\/span>in front of the U.S. Supreme Court<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>commission<\/span>ers<\/span> <\/span>maintained <\/span>that <\/span>their <\/span>decision<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>not <\/span>prevent<\/span>ed <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Department <\/span>from <\/span>conducting <\/span>its own<\/span> <\/span>extensive <\/span>antitrust <\/span>investigati<\/span>on<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>that <\/span>very <\/span>same <\/span>issue<\/span>.<\/span>[33]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Its <\/span>argument <\/span>might <\/span>have been valid <\/span>if the <\/span>courts <\/span>had <\/span>chose<\/span>n<\/span> to view <\/span>the scope of th<\/span>at <\/span>regulatory agency <\/span>actions <\/span>from a <\/span>much <\/span>broader <\/span>legal perspective<\/span>. H<\/span>owever, <\/span>the<\/span> court thought otherwise<\/span>. I<\/span>n <\/span>December 19<\/span>56<\/span>,<\/span> J<\/span>udge William H. Kirkpatrick <\/span>(1885-1970) <\/span>of the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> <\/span>District Court in <\/span>Philadelphia refused to <\/span>listen to <\/span>a countersuit<\/span> <\/span>filed <\/span>by the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> on that issue<\/span>. <\/span>Apparently, <\/span>that judge <\/span>believed <\/span>that <\/span>only <\/span>the <\/span>FCC <\/span>had <\/span>legal <\/span>jurisdiction <\/span>when it came to <\/span>station <\/span>transfers<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>On another <\/span>issue<\/span>, Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s legal counsel<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>May <\/span>19<\/span>58 <\/span>strong<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>objected to <\/span>a harshly worded <\/span>petition <\/span>recently <\/span>submitted <\/span>to th<\/span>at commission <\/span>by the <\/span>Daytime Broadcasters Association<\/span>.<\/span>[34]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>It <\/span>call<\/span>ed <\/span>for <\/span>standardiz<\/span>ing <\/span>operational hours for <\/span>all <\/span>daytime AM outlets<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>attorneys<\/span> <\/span>argu<\/span>ed <\/span>that <\/span>such <\/span>federal a<\/span>ction<\/span> <\/span>would <\/span>not only <\/span>interfere <\/span>with <\/span>high quality <\/span>prime <\/span>broadcasts<\/span>; but also, <\/span>e<\/span>nd <\/span>secondary skyway service<\/span> <\/span>provided by <\/span>some <\/span>prime <\/span>carriers <\/span>such as <\/span>KYW<\/span>, <\/span>KDKA<\/span> and <\/span>WBZ. <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>officials <\/span>further <\/span>argu<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>that more than 50% of the U.S. would <\/span>lose <\/span>its <\/span>prime <\/span>service<\/span> should <\/span>that <\/span>that petition<\/span> be approved<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>ey said that <\/span>certainly <\/span>would<\/span>n\u2019t <\/span>serve the <\/span>public\u2019s <\/span>best <\/span>interests.<\/span>[35]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

H<\/span>op<\/span>ing to gain <\/span>a<\/span>n even<\/span> <\/span>bigger <\/span>listening <\/span>audience<\/span> <\/span>prompted<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>programmers <\/span>to <\/span>broadcast <\/span>the <\/span>Benny Goodman<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> concerts <\/span>performed <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>Brussel\u2019s World Fair<\/span> in 1958<\/span>.<\/span>[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>radio<\/span> personalities Johnny Bell, Joe Finan and Dick Reynolds <\/span>participated in<\/span> This<\/span>tle Downs<\/span>\u2019<\/span> <\/span>Annual <\/span>Open House Party <\/span>held <\/span>on May 25<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>[37]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Guess <\/span>what<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>May ratings found <\/span>KYW-Cleveland <\/span>Number One<\/span> again<\/span>.<\/span>[38]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A June \u2018<\/span>58 <\/span>article <\/span>featured <\/span>in <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>congratulated <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>broadcasting industry on its <\/span>first <\/span>annual <\/span>\u201c<\/span>National Radio Month\u201d<\/span> celebration.<\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>rade publications <\/span>and <\/span>civic organiz<\/span>ations <\/span>everywhere <\/span>praised <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>stations <\/span>for <\/span>their <\/span>news <\/span>accura<\/span>cy<\/span>; detailed sports coverage and <\/span>excellent <\/span>entertainment<\/span> programs<\/span>.<\/span>[39]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>To <\/span>honor <\/span>th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>occasion<\/span>, the Cleveland Welfare <\/span>Federation, a<\/span>nd <\/span>seven <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>stations<\/span>,<\/span> including KY<\/span>W,<\/span> <\/span>launched a <\/span>drive<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>o <\/span>provid<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>used <\/span>radios to <\/span>shut-ins.<\/span><\/span>[40]<\/sup><\/a> That<\/span> same <\/span>summer<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>a new <\/span>station <\/span>promotion<\/span> <\/span>highlighted <\/span>several <\/span>up-and-coming <\/span>rock and roll concerts<\/span>. <\/span>Those <\/span>planning<\/span> to attend this <\/span>\u201cParty Package\u201d<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>asked <\/span>to <\/span>donate <\/span>old <\/span>board games<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>canned <\/span>goods and u<\/span>nwanted <\/span>clothing<\/span> to <\/span>local <\/span>charities<\/span>.<\/span>[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>controversy <\/span>surrounding <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>trade <\/span>in \u201956 <\/span>heated up <\/span>again <\/span>on <\/span>J<\/span>une <\/span>16<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>when <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Supreme Court <\/span>agreed to examine <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>charges<\/span> <\/span>directed <\/span>against <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>.<\/span>[42]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The <\/span>DOJ <\/span>ask<\/span>ed the court to determine whether the FCC decision <\/span>in 1956 <\/span>approving the <\/span>NBC-WBC <\/span>s<\/span>tation s<\/span>wap <\/span>should be allowed to stand<\/span>.<\/span>[43]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

When asked <\/span>by reporters <\/span>why h<\/span>is <\/span>new <\/span>talk <\/span>show <\/span>was <\/span>so <\/span>popular<\/span>, Bud Wendell <\/span>purported<\/span>ly <\/span>said <\/span>that <\/span>his curiosity had much to do with <\/span>it.<\/span>[44]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>An <\/span><\/span>NBC Spot Sales Timeb<\/span>uyer Opinion<\/span><\/span><\/em> survey<\/span> reported that <\/span>the majority <\/span>of respondents <\/span>preferred to <\/span>listen to <\/span>more <\/span>de<\/span>tailed <\/span>news<\/span>casts<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>interest<\/span>ing<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>community <\/span>features<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>gentler <\/span>music <\/span>rather than <\/span>be exposed to <\/span>traditional <\/span>rock and roll<\/span>.<\/span>[45]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>NBC officials <\/span>presumed <\/span>that <\/span>those AM station that <\/span>played <\/span>quieter <\/span>tu<\/span>nes <\/span>would not only <\/span>cultivate <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>more pleasing listening environment<\/span>; but also, <\/span>encourage <\/span>the<\/span>ir <\/span>fans <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>purchas<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>greater <\/span>and greater <\/span>quantities of more <\/span>costly <\/span>advertised <\/span>goods<\/span>. <\/span>That <\/span>desire <\/span>on the part of shrewd listeners <\/span>to <\/span>willingly<\/span> <\/span>spend more<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>rather than less <\/span>cash <\/span>on <\/span>higher<\/span> <\/span>pr<\/span>i<\/span>ced <\/span>items <\/span>rarely <\/span>affected <\/span>the <\/span>budget<\/span>–<\/span>conscious <\/span>Top 40<\/span> outlet<\/span>s<\/span> where <\/span>low <\/span>pric<\/span>es were <\/span>all that <\/span>really <\/span>mattered<\/span>. <\/span>NBC <\/span>further <\/span>s<\/span>tated <\/span>that <\/span>69% <\/span>of the listeners <\/span>they <\/span>surveyed <\/span>preferred <\/span>playlists <\/span>that <\/span>featur<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>music<\/span>al<\/span> <\/span>variety<\/span>.<\/span>[46]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>So,<\/span> what was the best <\/span>program <\/span>format <\/span>to follow <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>late \u201850s<\/span> and <\/span>early<\/span> \u201860s<\/span>?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Many <\/span>passionate <\/span>supporters of the <\/span>mid<\/span>dle<\/span>–<\/span>of<\/span>–<\/span>the<\/span>–<\/span>road <\/span>format <\/span>contended <\/span>that <\/span>their approach towards <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting was <\/span>unquestionably <\/span>the best<\/span>. Yet, <\/span>they <\/span>believed <\/span>that the deck was <\/span>often <\/span>stacked against them<\/span> by aggressive<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>d<\/span>vertisers who wanted <\/span>higher and <\/span>higher returns on <\/span>every dollar they <\/span>invest<\/span>ed<\/span> in local <\/span>broadcasting<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Repeatedly, <\/span>the backers <\/span>of finer <\/span>sounding <\/span>music <\/span>yelled <\/span>\u201c<\/span>foul<\/span>\u201d<\/span> as <\/span>larger <\/span>numbers of <\/span>local radio <\/span>stations<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>such as <\/span>KY-11<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>play<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>gr<\/span>eater<\/span> <\/span>and greater <\/span>amounts of <\/span>rock and roll<\/span> music<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Not s<\/span>urprisingly<\/span>, <\/span>many <\/span>r<\/span>ock and roll <\/span>enthusiasts <\/span>totally <\/span>di<\/span>sagreed<\/span> with their argument<\/span>. They <\/span>contend<\/span>ed that <\/span>advertisers in <\/span>larg<\/span>er <\/span>and Larger <\/span>numbers were <\/span>not <\/span>preferring <\/span>rock<\/span> <\/span>an<\/span>d<\/span> roll <\/span>music <\/span>over <\/span>more <\/span>mid<\/span>dle-of-the-road<\/span> <\/span>popular <\/span>tunes<\/span>. I<\/span>f anything,<\/span> they <\/span>t<\/span>hought <\/span>that the<\/span> <\/span>majority <\/span>advertisers <\/span>w<\/span>ere<\/span> <\/span>actively <\/span>working <\/span>against the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>vested <\/span>interests<\/span>. <\/span>At a <\/span>national <\/span>conference<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>spring<\/span> <\/span>Joe <\/span>Finan a<\/span>nd<\/span> <\/span>KY<\/span>W <\/span>Program Manager Mark Olds <\/span>discussed<\/span> the <\/span>many <\/span>pros and cons of <\/span>local <\/span>stations <\/span>adopting <\/span>th<\/span>e <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>format<\/span>.<\/span>[47]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>They <\/span>conceded <\/span>that <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>was not <\/span>a <\/span>sure <\/span>cur<\/span>e<\/span> for <\/span>what might <\/span>be ailing <\/span>you<\/span>r station<\/span>; but it <\/span>might <\/span>help <\/span>many <\/span>fledgling <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>who <\/span>were <\/span>seeking a <\/span>credible<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>identity<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>At the same time<\/span>,<\/span> Finan pointed out that the record industry<\/span> <\/span>was not <\/span>stand<\/span>ing <\/span>still<\/span>. <\/span>The latest trends <\/span>strongly <\/span>suggest<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>popular <\/span>music <\/span>was <\/span>increasingly <\/span>turning <\/span>towards a <\/span>more <\/span>mellow <\/span>sound <\/span>with a <\/span>heightened <\/span>beat<\/span>.<\/span>[48]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Recent<\/span>ly <\/span>statistics <\/span>compiled<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>A.C. <\/span>Nielsen<\/span> <\/span>Company <\/span>c<\/span>onfirmed what many <\/span>industry<\/span>-wide <\/span>already <\/span>strongly <\/span>suspected <\/span>that teen<\/span>ager<\/span>s <\/span>did<\/span> not represent <\/span>the bulk of <\/span>its <\/span>daytime <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>. <\/span>A July 19<\/span>58 study reported <\/span>some<\/span>where <\/span>around <\/span>6.3 <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>out of a total 9.2 <\/span>million<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>mostly women and children<\/span>,<\/span> were radio\u2019s prim<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>day <\/span>l<\/span>istene<\/span>rs<\/span>.<\/span>[49]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Of course, <\/span>mastery <\/span>was everything to program<\/span> directors <\/span>on <\/span>either <\/span>side<\/span> <\/span>of the <\/span>radio <\/span>dial. Hoping <\/span>to make KYW-FM \u201cCleveland\u2019s Fine Arts Station\u201d <\/span>led <\/span>its eager <\/span>program<\/span>mers <\/span>to <\/span>significantly <\/span>expand <\/span>their <\/span>class<\/span>ical<\/span> <\/span>music offerings<\/span>.<\/span>[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>Beginning <\/span>in <\/span>July<\/span> 19<\/span>58<\/span>, <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>105.7<\/span> FM <\/span>started <\/span>play<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>longer <\/span>album<\/span> cut<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>s well as <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing <\/span>a greater <\/span>assortment <\/span>of <\/span>fine <\/span>arts<\/span> <\/span>shows, theatre reviews and <\/span>book <\/span>discussions. <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>backed <\/span>up <\/span>their <\/span>promise<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>their <\/span>budding <\/span>FM <\/span>audience <\/span>by <\/span>hir<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>soft spoken<\/span> <\/span>Cincinnati<\/span> <\/span>broadcaster <\/span>Dav<\/span>e<\/span> Hawthorne <\/span>(1924-2013)<\/span>.<\/span>[51]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>and <\/span>Myl<\/span>as<\/span> Martin <\/span>ran <\/span>KYW<\/span>–<\/span>FM<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

P<\/span>roblem<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span> <\/span>clear channel broadcasting <\/span>re<\/span>surfaced <\/span>that <\/span>August when <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span> <\/span>rep<\/span>resentative<\/span>s <\/span>pointed out to the FCC<\/span> <\/span>that 12% of th<\/span>is <\/span>nation\u2019s population <\/span>relied on <\/span>skywave service <\/span>as <\/span>furnished <\/span>through AM <\/span>giant<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>like <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span>. W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>legal counsel <\/span>further reminded <\/span>everyone <\/span>that <\/span>this <\/span>servic<\/span>e covered<\/span> 1,460 <\/span>square mile<\/span>s <\/span>and <\/span>involved <\/span>114,<\/span>000<\/span> <\/span>people<\/span>.<\/span>[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>It<\/span> <\/span>would<\/span>n\u2019t <\/span>be in <\/span>the <\/span>public\u2019s <\/span>interests <\/span>if <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>powerful <\/span>signal <\/span>should <\/span>suddenly <\/span>overlap with its <\/span>sister station in <\/span>Pittsburgh<\/span> KDKA<\/span>. That would <\/span>have <\/span>happen<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>if <\/span>the F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunication\u2019s <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> forced <\/span>KYW <\/span>to move <\/span>from 1100<\/span> <\/span>to 1020 on <\/span>the <\/span>AM <\/span>dial.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A new<\/span>ly launched<\/span> <\/span>KYW <\/span>p<\/span>ublicity <\/span>campaign<\/span> <\/span>gave <\/span>local <\/span>listeners <\/span>a chance <\/span>to <\/span>win $2<\/span> <\/span>for every <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>mistake they <\/span>picked up. KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>News <\/span>Director Sanford<\/span> Markey<\/span> (1914-1995)<\/span> <\/span>also <\/span>invited <\/span>everyone <\/span>to <\/span>win <\/span>a <\/span>free <\/span>ride in <\/span>one of <\/span>his <\/span>four <\/span>snazzy <\/span>mobile <\/span>cruisers<\/span>.<\/span>[53]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>In a<\/span>n <\/span>un<\/span>expected <\/span>move, <\/span>Controller <\/span>Irwin C. Ruby <\/span>became <\/span>Westinghouse\u2019s <\/span>lat<\/span>est <\/span>A<\/span>udi<\/span>tor<\/span> and <\/span>B<\/span>usiness <\/span>M<\/span>anager.<\/span>[54]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In September<\/span> 19<\/span>58<\/span>, the <\/span>F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> <\/span>renewed KYW\u2019s license<\/span> for <\/span>an additional <\/span>three years<\/span>. <\/span>Federal <\/span>entanglements<\/span> <\/span>earl<\/span>ier <\/span>th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>summer <\/span>had held up<\/span> th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>long <\/span>expected <\/span>announcement<\/span>. <\/span>The station\u2019s <\/span>commitment to <\/span>community s<\/span>afety <\/span>through repeated news<\/span> bulletins <\/span>and warnings <\/span>was <\/span>certainly <\/span>put to the test <\/span>later that <\/span>same <\/span>year <\/span>following <\/span>a brutal <\/span>murder <\/span>downtown<\/span>. <\/span>Similar <\/span>to <\/span>modern-day \u201c<\/span>Amber Alerts<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>regularly<\/span> <\/span>broadcasted warnings <\/span>on KYW<\/span>-Radio <\/span>throughout that day <\/span>led to <\/span>a <\/span>quick <\/span>apprehension<\/span>. <\/span>When <\/span>the accused was <\/span>asked why he turned himself<\/span> <\/span>into <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>police<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>he <\/span>re<\/span>sponded <\/span>that <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>extensive <\/span>news <\/span>coverage <\/span>had <\/span>him fully <\/span>convinced <\/span>th<\/span>at the<\/span>re was no safe place <\/span>for him <\/span>to hide.<\/span> <\/span>He thought that it was better to give up rather than be c<\/span>hased down <\/span>by the police<\/span> department<\/span>.<\/span>[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Again<\/span>,<\/span> g<\/span>reat <\/span>work KYW!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S<\/span>tation <\/span>officials <\/span>sponsor<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>one-of-a-kind <\/span>Halloween <\/span>contest <\/span>for <\/span>younger kids<\/span>. Out of the more than <\/span>two <\/span>hundred<\/span> <\/span>applications <\/span>submitted <\/span>by <\/span>local <\/span>listeners <\/span>half <\/span>received <\/span>a <\/span>\u201cKYW Treasure Barrel<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Each<\/span> <\/span>barrel <\/span>contained <\/span>ten <\/span>records <\/span>and <\/span>twenty <\/span>bags of candy. The first <\/span>thirty <\/span>children <\/span>to knock on <\/span>a participant\u2019s <\/span>door and ask if <\/span>h<\/span>is <\/span>or <\/span>her<\/span> home <\/span>was<\/span> <\/span>a \u201cKYW Treasure House\u201d <\/span>would <\/span>receive<\/span> <\/span>either <\/span>a <\/span>record<\/span> or <\/span>bag of <\/span>candy. <\/span>P<\/span>articipa<\/span>ting households <\/span>got <\/span>a variety of <\/span>KYW <\/span>promotional items<\/span> <\/span>for their <\/span>help<\/span>.<\/span>[56]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On November 1<\/span><\/span>st<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>KY<\/span>W<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> manager <\/span>Rolland <\/span>V. <\/span>Tooke <\/span>made a<\/span> most <\/span>important<\/span> <\/span>announce<\/span>ment<\/span> that many <\/span>f<\/span>uture <\/span>news<\/span>casts <\/span>will <\/span>also <\/span>include <\/span>station <\/span>editorials.<\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>inclusion of <\/span>editorial<\/span> opinions<\/span> <\/span>represented a <\/span>major <\/span>breakthrough in <\/span>local <\/span>broadcasting<\/span>.<\/span>[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Traditionally, <\/span>AM<\/span> <\/span>stations<\/span>,<\/span> including KYW<\/span>,<\/span> had <\/span>believed that it was their <\/span>chief <\/span>responsibility to report <\/span>the <\/span>news with<\/span>out <\/span>any <\/span>commentary<\/span>. <\/span>Any <\/span>opinions <\/span>expressed <\/span>by station officials <\/span>w<\/span>ere <\/span>reserved for <\/span>talk shows or<\/span> <\/span>special <\/span>programs <\/span>that <\/span>focus<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>such <\/span>matters. <\/span>However, changing times required <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>to <\/span>re-<\/span>evaluate<\/span> their <\/span>responsibilities.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I<\/span>ncreasingly<\/span>, <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>listeners <\/span>had turned to <\/span>11<\/span>00 AM<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>important <\/span>advice <\/span>on <\/span>a host of <\/span>critical issues<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Loc<\/span>al<\/span>ly-based<\/span> <\/span>newsrooms<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>like <\/span>KYW<\/span>, <\/span>wer<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>brimming <\/span>with energetic reporters<\/span> who <\/span>had access to <\/span>all kinds of <\/span>inside information<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Perhaps it was time for <\/span>those <\/span>newscasters <\/span>to explain to their <\/span>many <\/span>loyal <\/span>listeners<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>through <\/span>their <\/span>editorials<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>exactly what was going on <\/span>behind <\/span>closed doors<\/span>,<\/span> and how those <\/span>covert <\/span>actions mig<\/span>ht <\/span>impact their lives<\/span>. If <\/span>those <\/span>commentaries <\/span>were <\/span>presented <\/span>in a<\/span> <\/span>professional<\/span>, straightforward<\/span> <\/span>manner <\/span>it <\/span>might <\/span>help <\/span>the public <\/span>to <\/span>make <\/span>better<\/span> <\/span>decisions <\/span>esp<\/span>e<\/span>cially <\/span>at the ball<\/span>o<\/span>t box<\/span>. After all, <\/span>local <\/span>n<\/span>ewspapers <\/span>had <\/span>been allowed to <\/span>present<\/span> <\/span>editorial<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>and opinions <\/span>for y<\/span>e<\/span>ars why <\/span>should<\/span>n\u2019t<\/span> <\/span>respected <\/span>radio <\/span>stations<\/span> be <\/span>afforded <\/span>the same privileges<\/span>? <\/span>It made sense.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As you might have <\/span>already <\/span>figured <\/span>out<\/span>,<\/span> t<\/span>he <\/span>time <\/span>was <\/span>ripe to expand <\/span>the role of local <\/span>news <\/span>broadcasting<\/span>. <\/span>Under this arrangement, <\/span>station <\/span>managers <\/span>and owners <\/span>would determine <\/span>which subjects w<\/span>ere <\/span>appropriate to <\/span>address <\/span>in their <\/span>editorials<\/span> <\/span>and which ones w<\/span>ere<\/span>n<\/span>\u2019<\/span>t<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Greater <\/span>community <\/span>responsibility<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland <\/span>led to <\/span>more <\/span>of its <\/span>radio personalities <\/span>reporting <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>local <\/span>conferences<\/span> and events<\/span> to interested fans<\/span>. <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>Big Wilson and Joe Finan <\/span>not only attended the Eastern Ohio Teachers Association <\/span>Meeting on <\/span>October 17, 1958<\/span>; but also, presented <\/span>their <\/span>findings <\/span>regarding <\/span>the <\/span>many <\/span>critical <\/span>problems <\/span>currently <\/span>facing <\/span>today\u2019s <\/span>teachers.<\/span>[58]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Dramatic <\/span>adjustments <\/span>in <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>had <\/span>convinced <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>very <\/span>perceptive <\/span>Board of Directors <\/span>to <\/span>rely on <\/span>a <\/span>far <\/span>more <\/span>aggressive<\/span> <\/span>sales <\/span>team<\/span> to sell <\/span>its <\/span>word<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Am Radio S<\/span>ales <\/span>replac<\/span>ed<\/span> Peters, Griffin & Woodward<\/span> in July <\/span>\u2018<\/span>59<\/span>.<\/span>[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>decision <\/span>to <\/span>switch <\/span>agencies <\/span>extended <\/span>beyond the need for change per ce.\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he fact <\/span>that WBC<\/span> <\/span>had recently become the <\/span>m<\/span>aj<\/span>ority <\/span>owner of <\/span>Am Radio<\/span> Sales<\/span> <\/span>played a big role<\/span> in that choice<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Apparently, <\/span>the<\/span> board\u2019s <\/span>strategy <\/span>paid off <\/span>well<\/span>. Within a year, <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> a<\/span>dvertising <\/span>revenue <\/span>had <\/span>increased <\/span>by 340%<\/span>. <\/span>Its <\/span>nighttime <\/span>talk show \u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>set <\/span>the <\/span>stage <\/span>for much <\/span>of <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span>[60]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0A <\/span>12% <\/span>local <\/span>increase in <\/span>new car sales <\/span>over the past year<\/span>,<\/span> due <\/span>mainly <\/span>to <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>extraordinary <\/span>sales<\/span> <\/span>growth<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>was <\/span>truly <\/span>a<\/span>mazing <\/span>especially when <\/span>you <\/span>consider <\/span>that <\/span>during that same <\/span>twelve<\/span>–<\/span>month<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>there was a 20% <\/span>drop <\/span>countrywide<\/span>.<\/span>[61]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Hoping to <\/span>significantly <\/span>improve the marketing skills of <\/span>its <\/span>competitors l<\/span>ed <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>distribut<\/span>e its-own<\/span> <\/span><\/span>How to Make Radio Campaigns Move Goods in Local Markets<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>current unstable <\/span>market <\/span>scene <\/span>led <\/span>RCA<\/span>-NBC<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>select <\/span>WJW <\/span>over WHK <\/span>as <\/span>its <\/span>latest <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>affiliate<\/span>.<\/span>[62]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span> <\/span>spokespersons <\/span>claimed that W<\/span>JW<\/span> <\/span>at 850 <\/span>A<\/span>M <\/span>attracted <\/span>a <\/span>far <\/span>big<\/span>ger <\/span>listening <\/span>audience<\/span> than WHK<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>did <\/span>no<\/span>t<\/span> comment<\/span> on that <\/span>development<\/span>. Little did <\/span>that <\/span>Westinghouse station realize <\/span>that <\/span>its<\/span> extraordinary <\/span>business and <\/span>financial <\/span>success<\/span> <\/span>would soon <\/span>be <\/span>wrought with <\/span>scandal?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nineteen fifty-nine began with <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>highly <\/span>acclaimed <\/span>News Director <\/span>Sanford Markey<\/span> <\/span>moving his operations <\/span>from Cleveland <\/span>to Washington, D.C<\/span>. <\/span>to become <\/span>Westinghouse\u2019s <\/span>new <\/span>Chief <\/span>Congress<\/span>ional <\/span>C<\/span>orrespondent.<\/span>[63]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>His <\/span>in-depth <\/span>reports <\/span>became <\/span>a daily feature <\/span>of <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>. At the same time, <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>outstanding <\/span>outlet <\/span>began <\/span>expand<\/span>ing <\/span>its record <\/span>library<\/span> <\/span>to better <\/span>serve <\/span>the growing needs of <\/span>its <\/span>many <\/span>DJs<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On the FM side<\/span> of the dial<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>p<\/span>rogrammers <\/span>increas<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>their <\/span>daily <\/span>air-time<\/span>. <\/span>Currently <\/span>available <\/span>from 5<\/span> <\/span>p.m. to <\/span>12 <\/span>Mid<\/span>night<\/span>, KYW-FM <\/span>would <\/span>soon be <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>twelve hours a day beginning at <\/span>N<\/span>oon<\/span>time<\/span>.<\/span>[64]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>A well-known <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>personality<\/span> <\/span>Ronnie Barrett<\/span> (1925-2005)<\/span> joined <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>KYW-<\/span>FM team <\/span>l<\/span>ed<\/span> by <\/span>D<\/span>ave Hawthorne, Myla<\/span>s Martin<\/span> and Leslie Biebi. <\/span>The station\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>GM Gordon Davis <\/span>believed <\/span>that <\/span>more broadcasting hours <\/span>per <\/span>day <\/span>would <\/span>better <\/span>satisfy <\/span>the <\/span>growing <\/span>needs of <\/span>his <\/span>FM <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>who wanted <\/span>to hear <\/span>even <\/span>more <\/span>classical <\/span>music <\/span>and <\/span>cultural <\/span>discussions<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

On <\/span>February <\/span>8, <\/span>19<\/span>59<\/span>, <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>announcers <\/span>engaged i<\/span>n <\/span>a wildcat <\/span>strik<\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>[65]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>negotiators had <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>argued <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>demands <\/span>place on them <\/span>by <\/span>the American Federation of Television & Radio Artists <\/span>were <\/span>totally <\/span>un<\/span>reasonable<\/span>. <\/span>It<\/span>s t<\/span>op <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ers <\/span>earned <\/span>salaries <\/span>up to <\/span>$30,000 a<\/span> year<\/span> and <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>station<\/span> was not about <\/span>to <\/span>increase their wages<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Fortunately, <\/span>an agreement <\/span>was reached between the two parties quickly. It <\/span>called for a <\/span>one year <\/span>$5<\/span> <\/span>a week raise with a top weekly rate of $140 <\/span>in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>59<\/span> followed by <\/span>$145 <\/span>in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>60 and $150 <\/span>in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>61.<\/span> <\/span>Recently hired <\/span>announcers and newscasters <\/span>were to <\/span>receive <\/span>weekly pay increases <\/span>rang<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>anywhere <\/span>from <\/span>$85 to $95. <\/span>This <\/span>new <\/span>pact <\/span>also <\/span>included a tape rate <\/span>of <\/span>$85 for wild spot announcement<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[66]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>During th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>strike, the U.S. Supreme Court <\/span>heard the <\/span>latest <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>appeal <\/span>t<\/span>o<\/span> <\/span>overturn <\/span>the Phil<\/span>adelphia<\/span>-Cleveland <\/span>station trade<\/span>. <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Justice Department <\/span>lawyers contend<\/span>e<\/span>d <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>r<\/span>o<\/span>adcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany <\/span>had knowingly <\/span>and willingly <\/span>violated federal <\/span>antitrust <\/span>statutes<\/span>. <\/span>Many legal e<\/span>xperts <\/span>firmly <\/span>believed that the <\/span>upcoming <\/span>court <\/span>ruling <\/span>might well <\/span>determine <\/span>whether the FCC<\/span> <\/span>or D<\/span>O<\/span>J<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>the <\/span>last <\/span>word <\/span>when it came to <\/span>upholding <\/span>federal <\/span>antitrust law<\/span>s <\/span>affecting <\/span>broadcast regulation<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[67]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

KYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>Rolland Tooke<\/span> <\/span>took exception <\/span>to <\/span>the way in which <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>officials were <\/span>handling <\/span>the <\/span>proposed Mall C <\/span>Hilton Hotel<\/span> deal<\/span>.<\/span>[68]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>strongly <\/span>recommended that <\/span>the powers-to-be <\/span>at Cleveland City Hall <\/span>should <\/span>carefully <\/span>review <\/span>the Cleveland Development Foundation<\/span>\u2019s suggestions<\/span> <\/span>for this project <\/span>before <\/span>making any <\/span>final <\/span>decision<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>it<\/span>. <\/span>Regrettably, <\/span>city <\/span>leaders <\/span>did not<\/span> heed<\/span> <\/span>Tooke\u2019s <\/span>advice <\/span>and th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>proposed <\/span>hotel <\/span>w<\/span>ent nowhere<\/span>. <\/span>KYW-AM <\/span>latest <\/span>promotion<\/span>al<\/span> campaign <\/span>called <\/span>\u201cNicest Things Happen<\/span>\u201d <\/span>concentrated on <\/span>\u201c<\/span>nice<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>stories and songs<\/span>.<\/span>[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>P<\/span>art of <\/span>that promotion <\/span>included <\/span>g<\/span>iving <\/span>away <\/span>a <\/span>houseboat to <\/span>one <\/span>luck<\/span>y<\/span> visitor <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Mid-<\/span>America Boat Show. <\/span>Fortunately<\/span>, th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>publicity <\/span>campaign did not <\/span>begin and end <\/span>with that <\/span>single <\/span>give away<\/span>. It also in<\/span>volved <\/span>a<\/span> red costumed <\/span>imp <\/span>who <\/span>paid <\/span>customer bills at <\/span>numerous <\/span>popular <\/span>supermarket<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>However, <\/span>for someone <\/span>to win<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>grocery <\/span>bill<\/span> <\/span>had to in<\/span>clude the <\/span>number <\/span>eleven <\/span>in it<\/span>. <\/span>In addition, <\/span>KYW <\/span>advertisers <\/span>received <\/span>complement<\/span>ary drinks courtesy <\/span>of <\/span>Kroger Foods<\/span>. <\/span>Of course<\/span>,<\/span> there was a <\/span>catch<\/span> <\/span>to<\/span> it<\/span>. <\/span>Those p<\/span>erson<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>ligible for <\/span>th<\/span>os<\/span>e <\/span>free <\/span>drinks <\/span>had to <\/span>prove that <\/span>their <\/span>birthday<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>within <\/span>the last three months.<\/span> <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>also led the <\/span>local <\/span>pack <\/span>w<\/span>hen it introduced <\/span>a <\/span>new, <\/span>highly <\/span>informative<\/span> <\/span>five-minute <\/span>segment called <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Point of View<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[70]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Experts<\/span> <\/span>from a wide host of fields <\/span>covered <\/span>the arts, business<\/span> and <\/span>education <\/span>to <\/span>music<\/span>, <\/span>science and sports. <\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Supreme Court <\/span>in Mar<\/span>ch <\/span>19<\/span>59 <\/span>decided <\/span>that the D<\/span>OJ did <\/span>indeed <\/span>have <\/span>the <\/span>legal <\/span>authority <\/span>to initiate antitrust <\/span>law <\/span>suit<\/span>s<\/span> against the <\/span>FCC <\/span>especially <\/span>when it c<\/span>oncerned <\/span>the <\/span>issuance of <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>license<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[71]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>However, before the<\/span> U.S. Justice Department <\/span>could <\/span>proceed<\/span> <\/span>with its prosecution of <\/span>NBC<\/span>, <\/span>it <\/span>had to <\/span>first <\/span>prove that <\/span>the network <\/span>had <\/span>knowingly and <\/span>willfully <\/span>engaged in fraudulent activities <\/span>that <\/span>prompted <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>monopoly<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>ensur<\/span>e<\/span> its <\/span>control of <\/span>its <\/span>company-<\/span>own<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>stations. In the <\/span>end<\/span>,<\/span> the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in <\/span>favor of the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>claiming <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>federal <\/span>courts<\/span>,<\/span> and not the F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunication <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>ha<\/span>d<\/span> the <\/span>last say <\/span>when it came to <\/span>examining <\/span>antitrust violations<\/span> <\/span>committed <\/span>by third <\/span>part<\/span>ies<\/span>.<\/span>[72]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

At the same time, <\/span>the <\/span>Philco<\/span> <\/span>Company <\/span>filed <\/span>a <\/span>formal <\/span>legal <\/span>complaint <\/span>against <\/span>th<\/span>at federal regulatory commission <\/span>pertaining <\/span>to <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>latest <\/span>request <\/span>that focused on <\/span>re<\/span>newing <\/span>its <\/span>Phil<\/span>adelphia <\/span>television <\/span>license<\/span>. <\/span>Philco\u2019s <\/span>legal <\/span>defense <\/span>contended <\/span>that automatically renewing <\/span>the <\/span>WRCV<\/span>-Philadelphia<\/span> license <\/span>would <\/span>have <\/span>give<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>d<\/span>ecided<\/span> <\/span>business <\/span>advantage <\/span>over <\/span>other<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>equally <\/span>qualified <\/span>broadcasters<\/span> <\/span>who <\/span>want<\/span>ed<\/span> to <\/span>seek <\/span>out <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>sa<\/span>m<\/span>e <\/span>lucrative <\/span>franchise<\/span>. The <\/span>feds <\/span>rejected <\/span>Philco\u2019s <\/span>claim<\/span>.<\/span> They said <\/span>that <\/span>its legal <\/span>arguments were <\/span>full of loopholes and <\/span>that NBC<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>not<\/span> <\/span>participat<\/span>ed in <\/span>any <\/span>illicit <\/span>business <\/span>practices <\/span>based on <\/span>so<\/span> called <\/span>fear<\/span>s<\/span> that other Phil<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>stations <\/span>intended <\/span>to <\/span>challenge <\/span>its <\/span>right to re<\/span>new <\/span>its <\/span>present <\/span>television <\/span>license<\/span>.<\/span>[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>A<\/span> <\/span>subsequent <\/span>law <\/span>suit filed by Philco<\/span>\u2019s attorneys<\/span> <\/span>demanded <\/span>triple damages<\/span> stemming from <\/span>alleged <\/span>legal <\/span>infractions<\/span> <\/span>committed<\/span> <\/span>against <\/span>it <\/span>by <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC[74]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>press release on <\/span>March 4<\/span>, 19<\/span>59 <\/span>announced <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>Johnny Bell <\/span>had left KYW-Cleveland <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>Sunshine state and <\/span>WINZ<\/span> in M<\/span>iami<\/span>.<\/span>[75]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>He had been <\/span>at <\/span>1100 <\/span>AM <\/span>for <\/span>the past <\/span>three years. <\/span>That same month, <\/span>Gordon Davis <\/span>presented a<\/span> <\/span>very <\/span>powerful <\/span>editorial decr<\/span>ying <\/span>state officials <\/span>for the<\/span>ir impro<\/span>p<\/span>er<\/span> <\/span>handl<\/span>ing <\/span>of <\/span>auto <\/span>plate<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>fees<\/span>.<\/span>[76]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>In the past year<\/span> alone<\/span>,<\/span> the<\/span>y <\/span>had <\/span>collected more than <\/span>$35,000 in <\/span>add<\/span>itional <\/span>charges<\/span>.<\/span> According to <\/span>Davis,<\/span> <\/span>th<\/span>is was<\/span> \u201cparty political <\/span>gravy\u201d <\/span>a<\/span>ll<\/span> <\/span>part of <\/span>what he <\/span>labeled<\/span> <\/span>\u201cOperation Stickup.\u201d <\/span>In the spring of \u201859<\/span>, <\/span>KYW <\/span>welcomed <\/span>the <\/span>dynamic <\/span>Wally King<\/span> to <\/span>its <\/span>popular <\/span>nighttime <\/span>lineup<\/span>.<\/span>[77]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>After <\/span>a brief stint in <\/span>Philly, <\/span>Joe Mulvihill<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>also <\/span>known<\/span> as \u201cJump for Joe<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>retu<\/span>rned to Cleveland and <\/span>took over <\/span>Wally <\/span>King<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>former time <\/span>s<\/span>lot <\/span>on <\/span>WJW-<\/span>850<\/span>.<\/span>[78]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Called \u201cthe King of Hearts,\u201d Kin<\/span>g remained <\/span>in Cleveland <\/span>for two years before <\/span>relocat<\/span>ing to <\/span>WNEW<\/span> in New York<\/span> City<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

On March 28, 19<\/span>59<\/span>,<\/span> KY<\/span>W<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in cooperation with <\/span>Kroger Foods<\/span>,<\/span> sponsored its <\/span>annual <\/span>\u201cEaster Hunt<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Big Wilson hosted <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>popular <\/span>family event <\/span>that was held <\/span>in <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>Edgewater Park<\/span>. W<\/span>estinghouse al<\/span>so <\/span>announced that it was <\/span>about <\/span>to <\/span>mov<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>radio and television <\/span>studios <\/span>from the Superior Building to the <\/span>former <\/span>East Ohio Gas Company <\/span>Building<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>The radio station would occupy the third floor<\/span> of its new facility<\/span>.<\/span>[80]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0I<\/span>n April, <\/span>KYW <\/span>welcomed the <\/span>long a<\/span>nticipated <\/span>baseball season by <\/span>sponsor<\/span>ing <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>marathon.<\/span>[81]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It <\/span>featured <\/span>some of the <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Indians greats <\/span>of the day <\/span>such as <\/span>Joe Gordon<\/span>, <\/span>Frank Lane a<\/span>nd <\/span>the team\u2019s owner William Daley. <\/span>L<\/span>ate<\/span>r that<\/span> <\/span>same <\/span>spring, the U.S. Weather Bureau made KYW\u2019s transmitter <\/span>in Broadview Hts, OH one of its <\/span>official <\/span>local <\/span>reporting <\/span>sites<\/span>.<\/span>[82]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The <\/span>following <\/span>month<\/span>, <\/span>its <\/span>VP Rolland Tooke <\/span>left KYW<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>bec<\/span>o<\/span>me <\/span>the <\/span>new <\/span>Executive VP<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>O<\/span>perations<\/span>. A<\/span> <\/span>highly <\/span>respected manager<\/span> with a l<\/span>ong <\/span>list of <\/span>great <\/span>accomplishments<\/span>, <\/span>Tooke <\/span>had <\/span>supervised <\/span>the <\/span>relocation<\/span> efforts <\/span>that brought <\/span>KYW <\/span>radio and television <\/span>to <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> in January \u2018<\/span>56<\/span>.<\/span>[83]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>April 1<\/span>7<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>was <\/span>the <\/span>final <\/span>day of <\/span>t<\/span>he <\/span>West End Furniture <\/span>and Appliance <\/span>Company<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>\u201cCaloric Gold Star Sell-a<\/span>–<\/span>B<\/span>ration<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Intent on <\/span>selling <\/span>a record <\/span>breaking <\/span>number of <\/span>big and small <\/span>appliances<\/span>, <\/span>West End Furniture <\/span>had <\/span>arranged for <\/span>Joe Finan<\/span> to <\/span>remote<\/span>ly<\/span> broadcast <\/span>his <\/span>popular <\/span>show <\/span>from <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>crowded <\/span>showroom. <\/span>Finan\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>exciting <\/span>broadcast<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>motivated <\/span>hundreds of customers <\/span>to <\/span>purchas<\/span>e<\/span> all <\/span>kinds <\/span>of appliances from that <\/span>well-known <\/span>westside <\/span>distributor<\/span>.<\/span>[84]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>S<\/span>tar studded <\/span>celebrations<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>like that <\/span>one<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>assured <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>long-lasting<\/span> <\/span>popularity<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span>in Greater Cleveland<\/span>. <\/span>How could it <\/span>be otherwise<\/span>? <\/span>Everyone wanted to be a winner and KYW radio certainly <\/span>met <\/span>that criterion<\/span> in the Fab<\/span>ulous Fifties<\/span>. <\/span>The second half of <\/span>19<\/span>59 <\/span>led to some <\/span>unexpected <\/span>changes and <\/span>new <\/span>developments <\/span>that <\/span>sho<\/span>o<\/span>k the very foundations of <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  1. \u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>January 3, 1957.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. \u201cNow is the Time for All Good Men,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span> Telecasting, <\/span><\/em>T<\/em>he Business Weekly of Television and Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> <\/span>February 4, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. Tom O\u2019Connell, \u201cHelen O\u2019Connell Looks Forward to Starring Here in Hearts Ball,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 9, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  4. Tom<\/span> O\u2019Connell, \u201cWEWS Completes Move Friday,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 10, 1957. George E. Condon, \u201cCleveland\u2019s Backus Gets TV Charge,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain <\/span>Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em>, April 14, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  5. \u201cWe Clobbered \u2018<\/span>em<\/span> in Cleveland,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> <\/span>February 25, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  6. \u201cBroadcasters Told to Change Formats,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 28, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  7. Bureau of Labor Stats, \u201cRadio and Television Announcers,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Occupational Outlook Handbook<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  8. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  9. \u201cBirdland Stars of \u201857\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>March 10, 1957.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  10. \u201cGo Ahead. . .Read Our Mail,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 18, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  11. George E. Condon, \u201cSilvers is Sterling and Benny\u2019s a Gem,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 6, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  12. \u201cKYW to Air PM,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 18, 1957.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  13. Tom O\u2019Donnell, \u201cRock \u2018n\u2019 Roll Dying, Jockey Carney Says,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>June 22, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  14. \u201cFor Westinghouse WBC\u2019s Year-Old Non-Network Status,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 8, 1957.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  15. \u201cKYW-FM Plans Classical Policy,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 22, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  16. \u201cDetroit and Cleveland Say Howdy,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 22, 1957. \u201cWelcome WWJ & KYW on Cleveland & Detroit Day,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 2, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  17. Tom O\u2019Connell, \u201cRoad Show Provides Chance for Amateurs,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> <\/span>September 22, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  18. \u201cLateral Programming The Sound Difference in Nighttime Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 15, 1957.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  19. \u201cLooks Like We Can\u2019t Accommodate Another Spot Program PM,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October, 1957.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  20. George Condon, \u201cKraft Theatre\u2019s Smart Boy Takes Puzzling Twists and Turns,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 10, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  21. \u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 1, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  22. \u201cBands of Tomorrow,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 24, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  23. Kitta<\/span> <\/span>Turmell<\/span>, \u201c<\/span>Bopsters<\/span> Buy 80% of all Discs, and Nine out of Ten Are Girls,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 14, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  24. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  25. Tom O\u2019Connell, \u201cWilson Pines to Help New Talent,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 15, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  26. \u201cKatz Table Totes Radio Spot Costs,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 16, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  27. \u201cTomorrow Night, Dec. 19, is KYW Radio-Television Night at Cinerama,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 18, 1957.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  28. \u201cTime Buyers Light Up over Northern Ohio\u2019s Hottest Station-KYW Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em>, February 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  29. \u201cKYW Radio 1100 KC. . .the Hottest Station in Town!\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>February 10, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  30. \u201cDisc Jockey\u2019s Changing Role is Viewed, Storz Conference Studies DJ\u2019s Changing Role in Mapping Programming Trends,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em>, April 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  31. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  32. \u201cKYW Will Be Given Public Service Award,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 30, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  33. \u201cFCC View on NBC-WBC Swap Reiterated to U.S. Supreme Court,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 12, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  34. \u201cWBC, CCBS Oppose <\/span>Daytimers<\/span>\u2019 Plea,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting, <\/span><\/span><\/em>May 19, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  35. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  36. \u201cKYW Radio Plans Goodman Jazz Series,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 24, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  37. \u201cOpen House Today Sunday May 25<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> 2 P.M. to 5 P.M. Thistle Down,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>May 25, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  38. \u201cKYW\u2019s On Cloud 1 <\/span>\u2018Cause<\/span> Our Radio Ratings Are Out Of This World,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting Telecasting, <\/span><\/span><\/em>May 26, 1958.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  39. \u201cAmerica Listens and Hears: Radio is Close to You,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  40. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  41. Russell W. Kane, \u201cGordon Told to Can Talk During Records,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 5, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  42. \u201cSupreme Court to Review City Radio-TV Deal,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 17, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  43. George E. Condon, \u201cCondon on This \u2018n\u2019 That,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 20, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  44. Russell W. Kane, \u201cPM Turns First Lap as Husky Air Infant,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 22, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  45. \u201cThe Top 40 Formula Under Fire,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 30, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  46. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  47. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  48. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  49. \u201cTeenagers are Radio\u2019s Small Fry,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  50. George E. Condon, \u201cGoal of KYW-FM is to be City\u2019s Culture Station,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 27, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  51. George E. Condon, \u201cWSRS Sale $500,000 Transfer Awaits Only FCC Green Light Which May Come in October,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>August 1, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  52. \u201cWBC Comments,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> <\/span>August 18, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  53. \u201cKYW Awards Dollars for Errors,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 18, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  54. Russell W. Kane, \u201cKYW-FM Shuns Cash Until Format is Set,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 28, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  55. \u201cNewsworthy News Coverage by Radio and TV,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 6, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  56. \u201cHalloween Pranks Get Station Break,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 25, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  57. Russell W. Kane, \u201cKYW Dips its Toe in Editorial Waters,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 1, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  58. \u201cKYW D.J.\u2019s Provide New Angle,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span><\/span><\/em>, November 3, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  59. \u201cWBC Subsidiary Unit to Rep Radio Outlets,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>November 17, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  60. \u201cDetergent \u2018A\u2019 is Moving Well Tonight,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 1, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  61. \u201cKYW Cleveland,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>July 1959.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  62. George E. Condon, \u201cTV-Radio Realm Was Busy Place,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 28, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  63. George E. Condon, \u201cTV-Radio Realm Was Busy Place,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 28, 1958.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  64. George E. Condon, \u201cKYW Expansion Good News for Radio\u2019s Minority,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 17, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  65. \u201cAnnouncers for KYW Go Out on Strike,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 9, 1959.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  66. \u201cKYW Strike Settled With 3-Year Pact,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 11, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  67. \u201cOption Opinion,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 9, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  68. Russell W. Kane, \u201cAlert Bobble-Spotters Keep KYW on Toes,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em>, <\/span>February 24, 1959.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  69. \u201cNicest Things Happen For Audience, Advertisers,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  70. \u201cCue Magazine Adds FM Programming After Its Research Affirms Audience,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  71. \u201cTwo Supreme Court Haymakers,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 2, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  72. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  73. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  74. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  75. \u201cBell to Leave KYW for Miami, Fla., Job,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 4, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  76. \u201cKYW Blasts Aimed at Tag System,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 7, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  77. \u201cWally King Cleveland\u2019s King of Hearts Moves to KYW Radio 1100 as Host of the All Night Show,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 21, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  78. George E. Condon, \u201cPlayhouse 90 to Break TV Precedent in Presenting Hemingway\u2019s Saga of Spanish War,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 11, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  79. Russell W. Kane, \u201cPeter Gunn to Shoot Chapters in Hospital,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>March 26, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  80. \u201cKYW Move to Old East Ohio Building Gets <\/span>Approval<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 2, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  81. Russell W. Kane, \u201cMass in Jazz to Get Airing on WERE-FM,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 9, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  82. \u201cKYW is Going Into the Weather Reporting Field,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 28, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  83. George E. Condon, \u201cCondon on Tooke KYW Head Soon to Leave Post Here for New Duties as New York Executive,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 3, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  84. \u201cLast Day of the Fabulous Caloric Gold Star Sell-A-<\/span>Bration<\/span>!\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 17, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-25","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":289,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25\/revisions\/289"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}