{"id":27,"date":"2022-02-23T13:10:40","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T13:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/?post_type=chapter&p=27"},"modified":"2022-05-18T19:56:04","modified_gmt":"2022-05-18T19:56:04","slug":"chapter-4-broadcasting-honesty-the-kyw-way","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/chapter\/chapter-4-broadcasting-honesty-the-kyw-way\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4: Broadcasting Honesty the KYW Way"},"content":{"raw":"KY<\/span>W<\/span>-Radio <\/span>became <\/span>an <\/span>even more <\/span>vital <\/span>component <\/span>of the <\/span>Greater <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>scene <\/span>beginning in <\/span>the spring of 19<\/span>59<\/span>. It <\/span>began <\/span>w<\/span>hen <\/span>that station sponsor<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>n <\/span>impromptu <\/span>r<\/span>ecord hop<\/span> on May 22<\/span><\/span>nd<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Its <\/span>p<\/span>roceeds<\/span> <\/span>went to<\/span>wards<\/span> the <\/span>Vince Wayne Memorial Fund. Th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>popular <\/span>sing<\/span>ing star<\/span> <\/span>had died <\/span>in <\/span>a<\/span> freak <\/span>accident <\/span>the <\/span>previous <\/span>day<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cUntouchables Deeply Interests Mrs. Ness,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 21, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Westinghouse was <\/span>very <\/span>pleased when t<\/span>he Radio Division of the Association of Broadcasters <\/span>elected <\/span>Gordon Davis <\/span>as <\/span>its <\/span>new <\/span>VP<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cRadio, TV Said to Lack Responsibility Editorially,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 25, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>On numerous occasions<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>c<\/span>harit<\/span>ies <\/span>thanked KYW for its <\/span>heart<\/span> felt <\/span>contributions<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>its <\/span>sponsoring of <\/span>numerous <\/span>successful <\/span>events <\/span>that <\/span>includ<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>party <\/span>for <\/span>retarded children<\/span>. <\/span>The \u201cNice Things\u201d <\/span>promotion<\/span>al campaign, mentioned earlier, <\/span>was one of <\/span>many <\/span>successful <\/span>efforts <\/span>coordinated<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>the talented <\/span>Janet <\/span>K. <\/span>Beyer<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNice Campaign Thousands Vie to Name KYW\u2019s Friendly Imp,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 27, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Another innovati<\/span>on<\/span> she came up with was <\/span>\u201cNew Horizons<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d\u00a0<\/span>Considered a<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>evolution<\/span>ary <\/span>breakthrough in <\/span>talk <\/span>shows<\/span>, it spread like wildfire <\/span>throughout the <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>industry<\/span>. <\/span>I<\/span>t <\/span>permitted studio <\/span>audience<\/span>s<\/span> to <\/span>actively <\/span>participate <\/span>in <\/span>discussions <\/span>that were <\/span>happening <\/span>right <\/span>in front of them<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cMusic-and-News Format Is Being Broadened,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>May<\/span>, <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>manage<\/span>ment <\/span>a<\/span>sked if <\/span>any of <\/span>its advertisers might <\/span>be <\/span>interested in <\/span>sponsor<\/span>ing<\/span> a <\/span>full <\/span>day of programming <\/span>once <\/span>each <\/span>week <\/span>on <\/span>KYW-<\/span>FM<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cKYW-FM is Looking Around for Sponsors,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 8, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>They t<\/span>ho<\/span>ught <\/span>that <\/span>some <\/span>smaller <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>-based<\/span> <\/span>companies <\/span>with <\/span>more <\/span>limited <\/span>advertising <\/span>budgets <\/span>might jump at <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>chance<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>L<\/span>ike <\/span>its <\/span>AM <\/span>sister station<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>symbolized <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>growing <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>outlet <\/span>with <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>vital <\/span>l<\/span>istening <\/span>base<\/span>. <\/span>Its <\/span>officials argued that t<\/span>he big difference <\/span>between those two <\/span>outlets <\/span>was that <\/span>the <\/span>advertising costs on the <\/span>FM side <\/span>of the dial were <\/span>much less.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That<\/span> <\/span>would have meant <\/span>more <\/span>bang<\/span>s<\/span> for the buck<\/span> for shrewd <\/span>businesses <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>willingly <\/span>to <\/span>purchase <\/span>large amounts of <\/span>advertising<\/span> time <\/span>there<\/span>. <\/span>The idea <\/span>of buying <\/span>large <\/span>blocks of <\/span>advertising <\/span>time <\/span>on <\/span>its local <\/span>FM s<\/span>tation <\/span>m<\/span>ight have seemed <\/span>reasonable <\/span>on paper;<\/span> <\/span>unfortunately, <\/span>not a single <\/span>business <\/span>bought <\/span>into <\/span>it<\/span>. <\/span>However, t<\/span>hat did not stop <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>follow<\/span>ing<\/span> up on <\/span>other <\/span>leads<\/span> intended to bring in more revenue<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThroughout the late <\/span>1950s<\/span> and early 1960s<\/span>, <\/span>KY<\/span>W<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>habitually <\/span>set <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>community <\/span>on its ear. T<\/span>hrough <\/span>its <\/span>extremely <\/span>clever adve<\/span>r<\/span>t<\/span>i<\/span>sing<\/span>, <\/span>targeted <\/span>p<\/span>romotional <\/span>campaigns <\/span>and <\/span>strict <\/span>policy of <\/span>playing <\/span>more music <\/span>per <\/span>hour<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>this <\/span>emerging <\/span>powerhouse <\/span>had <\/span>all but <\/span>eliminated <\/span>its <\/span>c<\/span>hief <\/span>competitor<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>ERE<\/span>-1300 AM<\/span> from the <\/span>ratings race<\/span>. <\/span>It\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>special<\/span>ly-devised \u201c<\/span>formula <\/span>programming<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>spotlighted <\/span>its <\/span>many <\/span>\u201c<\/span>super <\/span>cool<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>DJs<\/span> and <\/span>catchy <\/span>jingles <\/span>caught <\/span>nearly <\/span>everyone<\/span> <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>business <\/span>off<\/span>-<\/span>guard<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cEight-Sided Struggle Engulfs Radio Fans,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 10, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Its r<\/span>ivals found it <\/span>next to <\/span>impossible <\/span>to <\/span>compete <\/span>against KYW <\/span>al<\/span>though <\/span>WJW<\/span> <\/span>did <\/span>br<\/span>iefly <\/span>try to <\/span>challen<\/span>g<\/span>e <\/span>it <\/span>with <\/span>its own<\/span> <\/span>version of <\/span>Top 40<\/span> <\/span>radio<\/span>. <\/span>That kind of <\/span>cut throat competition <\/span>did <\/span>little to <\/span>galvanize <\/span>other <\/span>less competitive <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>such as <\/span>WDOK or W<\/span>GAR. <\/span>T<\/span>h<\/span>ey<\/span> <\/span>continued to <\/span>play <\/span>mid<\/span>dle-<\/span>of<\/span>-<\/span>the<\/span>-<\/span>road music<\/span> <\/span>aimed <\/span>primarily <\/span>towards <\/span>more <\/span>conservative<\/span> listen<\/span>ers<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>In May 1959<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>nationally-<\/span>acclaimed program<\/span> <\/span>called <\/span>\u201cTraffic Court\u201d found itsel<\/span>f <\/span>engaged in <\/span>its own <\/span>legal <\/span>fight for its life<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cBar Group\u2019s Verdict Dooms Traffic Court,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>May 14, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Repeatedly<\/span> <\/span>attacked <\/span>by the Cleveland Bar Association<\/span> <\/span>along <\/span>ethical grounds<\/span>, <\/span>that show <\/span>now <\/span>face<\/span>d<\/span> its<\/span> <\/span>own <\/span>day <\/span>of <\/span>judgment<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>Parma<\/span> <\/span>M<\/span>unicipal <\/span>C<\/span>ourt.<\/span> Former Cleveland Mayor and U.S. Senator Thomas A. Burke <\/span>(1898-1971) <\/span>chairing the proceedings. J<\/span>udge <\/span>Burke <\/span>ruled that <\/span>\u201cTraffic Court\u201d <\/span>had <\/span>violat<\/span>ed <\/span>Municipal<\/span> <\/span>Canon <\/span># <\/span>35<\/span> <\/span>which pr<\/span>ohibited <\/span>news gathering <\/span>organizations and <\/span>services<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>such as <\/span>KYW<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>from interfering <\/span>in anyway <\/span>with court <\/span>proceedings. He ordered <\/span>the program <\/span>stop<\/span>ped<\/span> immediately<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That same month<\/span>, KYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>leading <\/span>daytime <\/span>celebrity <\/span>Joe Finan spoke <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>annual <\/span>International Radio Programming Seminar & Pop Music Disc Jockey convention<\/span> <\/span>held <\/span>in Miami Beach<\/span>. His talk focused <\/span>on \u201cWhat Is a Personality Today<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[footnote]\u201cPlatter of Platter Voices, D.J. Meet to Double Attendance Last Year,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 18, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAt the same time, <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>President Don <\/span>McGannon <\/span>attacked <\/span>the <\/span>disparaging <\/span>remarks <\/span>recently <\/span>made <\/span>against <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting Company <\/span>by <\/span>NBC\u2019s Radio Executive VP Matthew J. Culligan (1919-2002)<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cMcGannon Says WBC Network Label Wrong,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 8, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Culligan had <\/span>claimed <\/span>that W<\/span>B<\/span>C <\/span>represented <\/span>little more than <\/span>a<\/span> group of <\/span>loosely-<\/span>affiliate<\/span>d<\/span>, undisciplined<\/span> <\/span>radio and television <\/span>stations. McGannon <\/span>roared back <\/span>by saying that <\/span>his <\/span>radio and television <\/span>outlet<\/span>s <\/span>did<\/span> <\/span>not <\/span>have to <\/span>follow <\/span>the <\/span>same <\/span>kind of <\/span>inflexible <\/span>rules and regulations<\/span> <\/span>imposed <\/span>by large <\/span>networks <\/span>like <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span>. <\/span>He concluded <\/span>by saying <\/span>that <\/span>individual Westinghouse <\/span>stations <\/span>exercise<\/span>d<\/span> full autonomy<\/span> when it c<\/span>ame <\/span>to <\/span>choosing <\/span>their <\/span>program<\/span>s<\/span>. That <\/span>meant<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>station <\/span>managers and not <\/span>big <\/span>city <\/span>wigs determined <\/span>the kind of <\/span>network <\/span>shows <\/span>that best suited <\/span>the<\/span>ir <\/span>listeners<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> in its July \u2018<\/span>59 issue <\/span>addresses <\/span>a<\/span> perplexing <\/span>problem <\/span>that <\/span>continued to pester <\/span>the commercial radio industry<\/span>. <\/span>Were<\/span> <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>first and <\/span>foremost performers<\/span> or businessmen<\/span>?<\/span>[footnote] \u201cDisc Jockey: Performer or Businessman?\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>July 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Recent<\/span> <\/span>studies <\/span>indicated <\/span>that playing records and <\/span>engaging in <\/span>clever <\/span>banter<\/span> <\/span>with their <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>was only one <\/span>aspect <\/span>of the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>daily <\/span>job <\/span>responsibilities<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nBoth local and regional a<\/span>dvertisers <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>said <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>nimbleness <\/span>displayed by <\/span>radio\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>successful <\/span>jocks <\/span>especially <\/span>when it came to <\/span>peddl<\/span>ing <\/span>vast <\/span>quantities <\/span>of <\/span>merchandise <\/span>over the airways <\/span>had helped to <\/span>boost <\/span>weekly <\/span>sales<\/span> <\/span>figures<\/span> <\/span>enormously<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Not only <\/span>did the<\/span>ir banter <\/span>s<\/span>ell <\/span>vast <\/span>amounts <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>item<\/span>s<\/span>; but <\/span>also, <\/span>convinc<\/span>ed <\/span>the<\/span>ir <\/span>listeners to purchase <\/span>th<\/span>ose same <\/span>goods<\/span> over and over again<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Joe Finan took <\/span>that <\/span>that job <\/span>responsibilit<\/span>y <\/span>a step further <\/span>to suggest <\/span>that <\/span>radio <\/span>celebrities <\/span>should <\/span>work closely with <\/span>local<\/span> <\/span>charit<\/span>ies <\/span>to <\/span>ensur<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>future <\/span>listen<\/span>er<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Increased <\/span>corporate <\/span>earnings <\/span>and <\/span>top ratings<\/span> <\/span>seemed to go <\/span>hand and hand <\/span>for <\/span>those <\/span>stations that did <\/span>the right thing<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Finan concluded <\/span>that <\/span>being <\/span>a respected community leader<\/span> would <\/span>become <\/span>even <\/span>more <\/span>important <\/span>for <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>in the <\/span>immediate <\/span>years ahead <\/span>as the wants of their <\/span>fan<\/span>s<\/span> change<\/span>d<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe second half of 19<\/span>59 <\/span>was <\/span>a <\/span>defining moment <\/span>for <\/span>both <\/span>KY<\/span>W<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> and <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse Broadcasting<\/span> Company<\/span>. <\/span>It began <\/span>that <\/span>July when <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>much <\/span>acclaimed <\/span>P<\/span>rogram Manager Mark Olds <\/span>resigned <\/span>to join <\/span>the <\/span>coveted <\/span>ranks of <\/span>one of th<\/span>is nation\u2019s <\/span>most respected independent<\/span> broadcaster<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>New York<\/span>\u2019s own<\/span> <\/span>WNEW<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cSearch for New Sound Keeps Pot Boiling Madly,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 19, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Bud <\/span>Wendell <\/span>assumed <\/span>his <\/span>role<\/span>. <\/span>That same summer<\/span>, the FCC<\/span> <\/span>established <\/span>an <\/span>October 1<\/span><\/span>st<\/span><\/span> d<\/span>eadline <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>Philco<\/span> <\/span>Corporation <\/span>t<\/span>o present its <\/span>closing <\/span>arguments <\/span>regarding <\/span>the <\/span>WRCV <\/span>license<\/span> renewal<\/span> case<\/span>. If <\/span>that company\u2019s <\/span>objectives <\/span>did indeed have <\/span>merit <\/span>then the <\/span>regulatory commission <\/span>might <\/span>well <\/span>r<\/span>econsider <\/span>reversing <\/span>its <\/span>earlier <\/span>stance on <\/span>the <\/span>\u201856 <\/span>NBC-WBC <\/span>trade<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cPhilco vs. NBC Oct. 1,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 10, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>August,<\/span> <\/span>G<\/span>ordon Davis <\/span>left <\/span>KYW-Cleveland <\/span>for <\/span>a similar <\/span>position <\/span>at <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>new<\/span>est<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>outlet in <\/span>Chicago<\/span> WIND<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>WOWO\u2019s <\/span>Program Manager <\/span>Carl <\/span>Vandergrift<\/span> <\/span>(d. 1991)<\/span> <\/span>took<\/span> over<\/span> his <\/span>duties <\/span>with <\/span>Edward Wallis <\/span>replace<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>him<\/span> in Ft, Wayne. IN<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Prior to coming to Cleveland, <\/span>Wallis had <\/span>been t<\/span>he <\/span>Supervisor of <\/span>Sales and P<\/span>ublicity at WIP<\/span>-<\/span>Philadelphia<\/span>. He also <\/span>worked in <\/span>sales promotion<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>t<\/span>wo<\/span> other <\/span>leading <\/span>television <\/span>leaders<\/span> <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>WPTZ and KYW.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWeek\u2019s Headliners,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 17, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nIncreasingly<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>turned to <\/span>Radio-11 t<\/span>o <\/span>groom<\/span> <\/span>some <\/span>of its <\/span>brightest <\/span>stars<\/span> and that had included Gordon Davis<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cPat on the Back for Gordon Davis,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>August 23, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>media praised Davis for his <\/span>many years of <\/span>devoted <\/span>service<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0It was through his <\/span>diligent <\/span>efforts that <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>had <\/span>bec<\/span>o<\/span>me <\/span>the <\/span>success<\/span> story <\/span>so <\/span>envied by other<\/span>s in <\/span>the field<\/span>. Furthermore, <\/span>his <\/span>belief in <\/span>the future of <\/span>FM<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>led <\/span>him to invest <\/span>over <\/span>$150,000<\/span> <\/span>to expand <\/span>KYW-FM<\/span>. <\/span>Davis\u2019s <\/span>efforts <\/span>produced <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>highly <\/span>r<\/span>espected <\/span>classical <\/span>music station. <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>programmers <\/span>sincerely <\/span>hoped that <\/span>KYW-FM\u2019s <\/span>new, <\/span>handpicked<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>oordinator Leslie Biebi w<\/span>ould <\/span>continue<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>uphold <\/span>that <\/span>same <\/span>tradition<\/span> of excellence<\/span> <\/span>first <\/span>begun <\/span>by <\/span>Gordon <\/span>Davis<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span><\/span>Cleveland Plain<\/span> <\/span>Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>radio and television columnist George Condon <\/span>(1917-2011)<\/span> <\/span>let the cat out of the bag <\/span>in August 19<\/span>59 <\/span>when he <\/span>announced <\/span>that <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d w<\/span>ould be <\/span>cut <\/span>from two <\/span>hours to <\/span>one <\/span>and that its <\/span>new <\/span>host would <\/span>not be <\/span>Specs Howard.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cKYW Schedules to Get Reshuffle as New Program Boss Takes Over,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 14, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>also<\/span> <\/span>wrote <\/span>that <\/span>Wes Hopkins would soon be replacing <\/span>Gloria Brown<\/span> and her <\/span>Mid-<\/span>Day <\/span>program<\/span>. A<\/span>lthough <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>officials had <\/span>thrown around <\/span>the possibility of creating a <\/span>new <\/span>women\u2019s <\/span>program <\/span>aimed at <\/span>showcas<\/span>ing <\/span>Brown<\/span>\u2019s many talents<\/span> <\/span>as a broadcaster <\/span>nothing came of it<\/span>. <\/span>Other <\/span>changes in the <\/span>KYW <\/span>lineup <\/span>that autumn <\/span>saw <\/span>Wally <\/span>King <\/span>reassigned to the <\/span>6 <\/span>to 10 p.m. <\/span>slot <\/span>w<\/span>hile <\/span>Dick Reynolds <\/span>re<\/span>sum<\/span>ed <\/span>his <\/span>late night <\/span>assignment<\/span>. <\/span>Specs Howard <\/span>play<\/span>ed<\/span> records<\/span> from 11 p.m. to Midnight<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>\u201cNew Horizons\u201d <\/span>service <\/span>offered guided <\/span>bus tours <\/span>to <\/span>some of <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s favorite <\/span>landmarks. <\/span>All <\/span>those <\/span>proceeds <\/span>from those <\/span>special <\/span>tours <\/span>w<\/span>ent towards <\/span>purchasing <\/span>historic <\/span>markers.<\/span><\/span>[footnote]\u201cThe New Horizons Community Service Project of KYW Cleveland,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 17, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nOn <\/span>the <\/span>positive <\/span>side<\/span> of the financial ledger<\/span>, <\/span>the sta<\/span>tion<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>gross sales <\/span>h<\/span>ad improved <\/span>slightly <\/span>over a year <\/span>earlier<\/span>. <\/span>Radio<\/span> advertising during <\/span>the<\/span> first six <\/span>months of \u2018<\/span>59 <\/span>was<\/span> <\/span>10% <\/span>higher than <\/span>the same period in \u2018<\/span>58<\/span> <\/span>while television <\/span>sales<\/span> <\/span>had grown by <\/span>6<\/span>.<\/span>3<\/span> %.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWBC Sales Curve Up in Both Radio & TV,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 24, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Over that <\/span>same <\/span>time <\/span>period, t<\/span>he number of <\/span>n<\/span>ew <\/span>advertising<\/span> <\/span>accounts<\/span> had <\/span>risen <\/span>by <\/span>18<\/span>.2<\/span>%<\/span>. WBC\u2019s national spot <\/span>TV <\/span>advertising for the first half <\/span>of 1959 <\/span>had increased by 14.1<\/span>%<\/span> w<\/span>ith <\/span>l<\/span>ocal billing<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>improv<\/span>ing <\/span>by <\/span>1<\/span>9<\/span>.1<\/span>%<\/span>.<\/span> Radio sales were <\/span>also <\/span>at a<\/span> <\/span>n<\/span>ew<\/span> <\/span>all-time<\/span> high. The<\/span>y saw <\/span>a 3.4% increase <\/span>that <\/span>June over the <\/span>previous<\/span> <\/span>month\u2019s <\/span>high<\/span> <\/span>level<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>That August<\/span>,<\/span> K<\/span>YW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> a<\/span>long with <\/span>WERE<\/span>-R<\/span>adio <\/span>strongly <\/span>recommended that <\/span>C<\/span>leveland <\/span>voters approve t<\/span>he<\/span> proposed <\/span>Cuyahoga County Charter<\/span> reform<\/span> <\/span>bill<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cDudley and Neal to Revive <\/span>Graneyism<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 26, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Rumors <\/span>had <\/span>beg<\/span>u<\/span>n <\/span>circulat<\/span>ing <\/span>that <\/span>same month <\/span>that a possible settlement <\/span>was <\/span>pending <\/span>that would <\/span>bring to an <\/span>end <\/span>th<\/span>e recent <\/span>con<\/span>troversy <\/span>over <\/span>the <\/span>\u201956 <\/span>NBC-WBC <\/span>swap<\/span>. Supposedly, <\/span>NBC\u2019s legal counsel <\/span>l<\/span>ed by <\/span>a sharp l<\/span>egal mind <\/span>Bernard Segal <\/span>had been <\/span>working <\/span>closely <\/span>with the U.S. Antitrust Division <\/span>to reach <\/span>some kind<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>workable <\/span>compromise<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cConsent Decree Near?\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 31, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>September<\/span> 1959 issue of <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>featur<\/span>ed a <\/span>highly <\/span>inflammatory <\/span>article<\/span> tha<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>lambasted <\/span>the <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span>-<\/span>industry\u2019s <\/span>blas\u00e9 <\/span>attitude <\/span>when it came to <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>a wide s<\/span>election <\/span>of <\/span>th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>latest <\/span>released <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cIs Radio Playing Music In a Single Groove?\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote] <\/span>Experts in the <\/span>field <\/span>l<\/span>ed by <\/span>Mitch Miller of Columbia Records, Joe <\/span>Re<\/span>i<\/span>sman<\/span> of Roulette Records, Charles Green of RCA-Victor Records and Henry Meyerson of Decca Records <\/span>argued <\/span>that many <\/span>AM stations <\/span>were <\/span>mistakenly <\/span>catering <\/span>to a <\/span>small<\/span> <\/span>group <\/span>of <\/span>highly <\/span>vocal <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>. In <\/span>pursuing <\/span>that <\/span>strategy<\/span>, they <\/span>were <\/span>essen<\/span>tially <\/span>ignor<\/span>ing <\/span>a much larger, <\/span>perhaps <\/span>less <\/span>o<\/span>rganized <\/span>group <\/span>of <\/span>equally <\/span>loyal <\/span>fans<\/span>. <\/span>Th<\/span>ose <\/span>record <\/span>executives <\/span>then proceeded to <\/span>point out that <\/span>$.<\/span>80<\/span> <\/span>of every <\/span>dollar <\/span>spent <\/span>on <\/span>new <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s <\/span>went <\/span>to<\/span>wards<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>purchasing <\/span>of <\/span>albums<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>not <\/span>45s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>If that was <\/span>true<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>h<\/span>en<\/span> <\/span>why d<\/span>id<\/span> <\/span>so <\/span>many <\/span>commercial <\/span>AM stations <\/span>play more and more <\/span>Top 40 hits<\/span> <\/span>rather than <\/span>the many <\/span>other popular <\/span>recordings<\/span> <\/span>currently <\/span>available<\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>Putting aside <\/span>for<\/span> just a moment the never ending complaints of <\/span>increasing corporate <\/span>expenses <\/span>and mounting competition<\/span> t<\/span>he answer <\/span>to that <\/span>baffling <\/span>question was <\/span>analogous <\/span>to the g<\/span>rowing <\/span>number<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>noisy <\/span>t<\/span>een<\/span>s and their <\/span>very <\/span>narrowly focused <\/span>buying <\/span>habits<\/span>. <\/span>Although t<\/span>hey <\/span>rarely<\/span> <\/span>purchased <\/span>higher priced <\/span>albums<\/span>,<\/span> preferring <\/span>instead <\/span>to <\/span>buy <\/span>cheap <\/span>45s<\/span>, <\/span>teenagers<\/span> <\/span>in the late \u201850s <\/span>were<\/span> anything but <\/span>shy <\/span>when it came to <\/span>demanding that <\/span>their favorite stations play <\/span>more <\/span>and more <\/span>rock and roll music<\/span> <\/span>often <\/span>at the <\/span>expense <\/span>of <\/span>other <\/span>popular <\/span>songs<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nT<\/span>h<\/span>at insistent <\/span>for more <\/span>and more <\/span>rock and roll music <\/span>should not <\/span>have <\/span>negated <\/span>the <\/span>responsibilit<\/span>ies <\/span>of local radio outlets <\/span>to<\/span> equally <\/span>serve <\/span>the <\/span>growing <\/span>needs <\/span>of <\/span>their <\/span>more even tempered<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>often <\/span>well-<\/span>heeled <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>.<\/span> Th<\/span>ose <\/span>record executives <\/span>made it <\/span>abundantly <\/span>clear <\/span>that young adults<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>not teens<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>tru<\/span>ly represented <\/span>the bread and butter of <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>record industry and <\/span>that commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>should <\/span>have <\/span>more <\/span>ardently <\/span>support<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>h<\/span>eir <\/span>demands <\/span>to hear <\/span>\u201cbetter quality\u201d music<\/span> played over th<\/span>os<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>same <\/span>st<\/span>a<\/span>tions<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Tho<\/span>se <\/span>critics<\/span> of <\/span>rock<\/span> and roll <\/span>music <\/span>went <\/span>a step <\/span>further <\/span>to <\/span>suggest <\/span>that <\/span>local <\/span>broadcaster<\/span>s <\/span>should look <\/span>beyond <\/span>the hype <\/span>currently <\/span>being <\/span>spread <\/span>around <\/span>by <\/span>Top 40<\/span> station<\/span>s <\/span>to <\/span>find out <\/span>what <\/span>wa<\/span>s <\/span>really <\/span>going on<\/span> <\/span>in the world<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span>y claimed that <\/span>if <\/span>imaginative programming<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>once <\/span>the <\/span>bloodline <\/span>of <\/span>U.S. <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span>,<\/span> had <\/span>been <\/span>allowed <\/span>t<\/span>o grow<\/span> <\/span>naturally<\/span> <\/span>over the years, <\/span>without <\/span>having to cope with the <\/span>pressures <\/span>exerted<\/span> <\/span>on it <\/span>from <\/span>the <\/span>tenacious <\/span>rock and roll music <\/span>industry, <\/span>it <\/span>mi<\/span>ght <\/span>have <\/span>meaningfully <\/span>lessened <\/span>the <\/span>total <\/span>impact of <\/span>today\u2019s <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>radio<\/span>. If<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in fact, <\/span>steps had been taken<\/span> <\/span>by leading record companies <\/span>to nip <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>in the bud<\/span> <\/span>then <\/span>most <\/span>commercial <\/span>stations<\/span> <\/span>would have <\/span>been <\/span>play<\/span>ing <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>much <\/span>broader <\/span>range of <\/span>popular <\/span>music<\/span> than they <\/span>presently <\/span>do<\/span>. <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>would <\/span>have <\/span>created <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>class <\/span>of discerning <\/span>radio <\/span>listen<\/span>er<\/span>s,<\/span> <\/span>people <\/span>who <\/span>really <\/span>valued <\/span>h<\/span>igh quality<\/span> <\/span>music<\/span> <\/span>over the <\/span>tedious <\/span>sounds <\/span>of <\/span>late \u201850s <\/span>rock and roll<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As everyone knew<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>ecently developed <\/span>multi-track <\/span>recordings of <\/span>some of the best <\/span>popular <\/span>music <\/span>of the day <\/span>were<\/span> <\/span>designed <\/span>specifically <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>fine crafted<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>sound <\/span>systems.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nMany <\/span>advocates<\/span> of rock and roll music <\/span>believed <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>sudden <\/span>opening<\/span> of<\/span> the flood gates to a wide variety of music <\/span>choices <\/span>was <\/span>inappropriate<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>It didn\u2019t make <\/span>a great deal of <\/span>sense<\/span> to them<\/span>. <\/span>Supporter of <\/span>rock<\/span> and roll further <\/span>claimed that <\/span>local <\/span>radio stations <\/span>that <\/span>preferred <\/span>to play <\/span>a wide<\/span>r<\/span> assortment <\/span>of popular <\/span>music<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>ould <\/span>soon <\/span>discover <\/span>that <\/span>their profitable <\/span>advertisers<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>le<\/span>aving them <\/span>in droves <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>more <\/span>exciting <\/span>Top 40 broadcasters<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span> executives <\/span>interviewed<\/span> in this article said that the <\/span>exact <\/span>opposite w<\/span>as <\/span>true. <\/span>Those <\/span>AM <\/span>outlets <\/span>play<\/span>ing<\/span> a<\/span> variety <\/span>of <\/span>top quality <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s <\/span>w<\/span>ere <\/span>experienc<\/span>ing <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>surge <\/span>in <\/span>new <\/span>advertising<\/span> <\/span>opportunities <\/span>while those that didn\u2019t <\/span>ascribe to it were <\/span>los<\/span>ing <\/span>out<\/span>. Th<\/span>ey <\/span>concluded that <\/span>the <\/span>r<\/span>un-of-the-mill <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music <\/span>currently <\/span>being broadcasted <\/span>on <\/span>many <\/span>radio outlets <\/span>nationwide <\/span>failed to <\/span>meet <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>rising <\/span>expectations <\/span>of <\/span>their <\/span>more sophisticated <\/span>audience<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>former <\/span>GM<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>WBZ-TV<\/span> Franklin A. Tooke<\/span> became <\/span>the <\/span>latest <\/span>KYW<\/span> VP<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Before <\/span>settling in <\/span>Boston, <\/span>Tooke <\/span>had served as <\/span>the <\/span>GM <\/span>at WOWO<\/span>-Ft. Wayne<\/span>, <\/span>KDKA<\/span>-Pittsburgh<\/span> a<\/span>nd <\/span>KYW-Philadelphia.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWeek\u2019s Headliners,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 7, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>A recent consent decree filed by the D<\/span>O<\/span>J<\/span> demanded that NBC s<\/span>ell its Phil<\/span>ly <\/span>station <\/span>before <\/span>December <\/span>31, <\/span>19<\/span>62. Although <\/span>the <\/span>National Broadcasting Company <\/span>agreed<\/span> to <\/span>compl<\/span>y <\/span>with <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>federal <\/span>demand<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting Company\u2019s <\/span>B<\/span>oard <\/span>of Directors <\/span>remained <\/span>un<\/span>certain <\/span>as to <\/span>how <\/span>that decision <\/span>might <\/span>affect <\/span>the future of <\/span>its <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> outlet<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cRuling Seen Not Hitting KYW Outlets,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 23, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> The <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>u<\/span>stice<\/span> <\/span>further s<\/span>tated <\/span>that <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span>\u2019s actions <\/span>direct<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>violat<\/span>ed <\/span>the Sherman Antitrust Act<\/span> of 1890<\/span>. <\/span>It concluded <\/span>that <\/span>NBC\u2019s recent <\/span>activities <\/span>had <\/span>indeed <\/span>weakened <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>c<\/span>a<\/span>pabilities <\/span>to compete <\/span>efficiently <\/span>in the <\/span>growing <\/span>Philadelphia <\/span>market <\/span>place<\/span>. This was<\/span> <\/span>true <\/span>especially <\/span>when it came to <\/span>selling <\/span>high <\/span>volumes of its <\/span>most <\/span>tech<\/span>nically-advanced products<\/span>. <\/span>Apparently, <\/span>NBC <\/span>strategists <\/span>fully intended to <\/span>eliminat<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>as a <\/span>major <\/span>local <\/span>competitor<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAt <\/span>a <\/span>September <\/span>19<\/span>59 <\/span>banquet <\/span>that <\/span>climax<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a three-day <\/span>p<\/span>ublic <\/span>s<\/span>ervice <\/span>conference <\/span>Don <\/span>McGannon announced th<\/span>e <\/span>upcoming <\/span>d<\/span>istribut<\/span>i<\/span>on of <\/span>free <\/span>spot advert<\/span>i<\/span>sements <\/span>dedicated to <\/span>education<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0As he explained it<\/span>,<\/span> those ads <\/span>stress<\/span>ed the <\/span>many <\/span>problems <\/span>presently <\/span>facing education <\/span>in <\/span>general<\/span> and highe<\/span>r<\/span> education <\/span>in <\/span>particular<\/span>. <\/span>This event successfully <\/span>brought together <\/span>some of <\/span>t<\/span>h<\/span>is nation\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>most talented <\/span>educat<\/span>ors<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cColleges to Benefit by WBC Spot Campaign,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 28, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Heated <\/span>discussi<\/span>ons <\/span>continued <\/span>industry<\/span>-wide<\/span> <\/span>regarding <\/span>the <\/span>consequences <\/span>that might unfold <\/span>from <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>DOJ <\/span>consent <\/span>decree. <\/span>One <\/span>of its <\/span>provisions<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>flatly rejected by <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> officials<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>stated <\/span>that <\/span>it <\/span>could no longer <\/span>exchang<\/span>e <\/span>or <\/span>purchas<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>another<\/span> <\/span>radio and television <\/span>outlet<\/span> without <\/span>first <\/span>gett<\/span>ing <\/span>the <\/span>permission<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Department<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNow TV Has a Consent Decree, Some Key Network Practices Must Stand Antitrust Tests From Here On,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 28, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>NBC a<\/span>ttorneys claimed that <\/span>such a restriction w<\/span>ould not be <\/span>binding<\/span> in the court<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAlso, <\/span>th<\/span>e National Broadcasting Company <\/span>could no<\/span> longer <\/span>apply <\/span>any <\/span>un<\/span>due <\/span>pressure <\/span>on <\/span>another <\/span>broadcaster <\/span>when <\/span>it came <\/span>to <\/span>either <\/span>acquir<\/span>ing <\/span>or trading <\/span>s<\/span>tations<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>NBC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>legal<\/span> counsel <\/span>made it clear that it <\/span>had <\/span>only <\/span>a<\/span>greed to the <\/span>DOJ\u2019s <\/span>consent <\/span>decree<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>ecause <\/span>it <\/span>permitted <\/span>it<\/span>s parent company <\/span>the <\/span>R<\/span>adio <\/span>C<\/span>orporation of <\/span>A<\/span>merica<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>o retain <\/span>all <\/span>of <\/span>its <\/span>present <\/span>licenses. <\/span>Besides f<\/span>ighting <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Department <\/span>might <\/span>result in <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>network <\/span>losing <\/span>a great deal more than <\/span>just <\/span>a single <\/span>company-owned <\/span>station<\/span>.<\/span> Also, there was a<\/span> <\/span>distinct possibility that <\/span>the <\/span>consent <\/span>decree <\/span>might <\/span>be <\/span>overturned <\/span>by <\/span>the federal <\/span>court <\/span>and especially <\/span>if <\/span>serious <\/span>legal <\/span>conflicts <\/span>were to <\/span>suddenly <\/span>flare up <\/span>between the D<\/span>OJ <\/span>and <\/span>FCC<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>As you might <\/span>have <\/span>expect<\/span>ed<\/span>, i<\/span>t also <\/span>prohibited <\/span>NBC <\/span>from <\/span>securing <\/span>an<\/span>other <\/span>Philly <\/span>television <\/span>station<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Finally,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>consent <\/span>decree <\/span>prevented <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>from rep<\/span>resenting <\/span>other <\/span>of its <\/span>affiliate<\/span>s<\/span> through <\/span>its <\/span>Spot Sales<\/span> Service<\/span>. <\/span>Of course, a<\/span>ll <\/span>of th<\/span>e provisions<\/span> <\/span>spelled out <\/span>so carefully <\/span>in <\/span>this <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>consent decree<\/span> might <\/span>be <\/span>thrown out <\/span>by <\/span>subsequent <\/span>federal <\/span>appeal<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>But first<\/span>,<\/span> NBC<\/span>\u2019s shrewd legal staff<\/span> would have to prove that <\/span>the network <\/span>had <\/span>not <\/span>deliberately <\/span>threat<\/span>ened <\/span>other<\/span> <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>that <\/span>had <\/span>rejected <\/span>similar <\/span>station exchange<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>due to <\/span>its <\/span>rigid<\/span>ly enforced<\/span> <\/span>requirements<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>DOJ further <\/span>reserved the<\/span> <\/span>legal <\/span>right to examine <\/span>any<\/span> <\/span>records <\/span>belonging to <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>when<\/span>ever <\/span>warranted<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>consent <\/span>decree <\/span>was <\/span>scheduled <\/span>to run <\/span>for <\/span>nine year<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>beginning <\/span>on <\/span>the da<\/span>y <\/span>that <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> <\/span>di<\/span>vested <\/span>itself <\/span>of <\/span>its <\/span>current <\/span>Phil<\/span>adelphia <\/span>station<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nWith the <\/span>hope of <\/span>dramatically <\/span>expanding its <\/span>local <\/span>listening <\/span>audience<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>WHK-Radio <\/span>picket<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>one of <\/span>Big Wilson\u2019s remote <\/span>broadcasts<\/span> that autumn<\/span>. <\/span>P<\/span>icketers <\/span>said \u201cthe new \u2018<\/span>HK is unfair to other stations because it sounds so good.\u201d <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>retaliated <\/span>with signs <\/span>saying <\/span>that <\/span>\u201cKYW welcomes Cleveland\u2019s number two station. Glad you<\/span> we<\/span>re <\/span>listening to KYW.\u201d<\/span>[footnote]\u201cCleveland Stations Battle,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 5, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>In October \u2018<\/span>59, the Cleveland Police Department <\/span>participat<\/span>ed <\/span>in <\/span>a<\/span>n <\/span>exciting<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>promotion sponsored by <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>. <\/span>H<\/span>o<\/span>ping to lessen <\/span>the anxiety of commuters, a new two way hookup between a police helicopter and that broadcaster began reporting traffic congestion during peak hours.[footnote]\u201cHelicopter Might Watch Traffic,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>October 11, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]\u00a0The station sponsored an Election Day phone bank that was staffed by the Cuyahoga County League of Women Voters. Those volunteers furnished callers with important information they needed to know before voting.[footnote]\u201cVoters Register,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>October 12, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]\u00a0That autumn, KYW\u2019s respected Editorial Research Supervisor Neil (Mickey) Flanagan was promoted to become KYW\u2019s latest Radio News Supervisor while its Television Producer Bart Clausen took over Flanagan\u2019s former duties.[footnote]\u201cFates and Fortunes,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 19, 1959.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nW<\/span>BC <\/span>also <\/span>introduced a <\/span>whole <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>concept in <\/span>marketing de<\/span>signed <\/span>to assist discerning <\/span>spot <\/span>advertisers <\/span>who wanted <\/span>to tap into <\/span>the many <\/span>growing <\/span>suburb<\/span>an market<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>ASAP<\/span>. <\/span>Called \u201c<\/span>Megatowns,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>fifteen <\/span>available <\/span>urban <\/span>areas <\/span>represent<\/span>ed a<\/span>pproximately <\/span>50% of <\/span>this nation\u2019s <\/span>biggest <\/span>cities<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201c<\/span>Megatown<\/span> Idea WBC Area Study Shows Radio-TV Best <\/span>Engulfer<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 26, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> Using <\/span>Pittsburgh <\/span>as <\/span>its <\/span>prime <\/span>example, <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> promoters <\/span>pointed out <\/span>that <\/span>one <\/span>of their <\/span>inexpensive <\/span>radio or television <\/span>ad <\/span>could <\/span>reach <\/span>more <\/span>potential buyers <\/span>than <\/span>th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>area<\/span>\u2019s fifty <\/span>newspaper<\/span>s <\/span>combined<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That <\/span>marketing<\/span> ploy <\/span>proved <\/span>quite <\/span>successful<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>In the <\/span>late 19<\/span>50s and <\/span>early 19<\/span>60s, <\/span>insightful <\/span>radio stations <\/span>in <\/span>growing urban <\/span>settings<\/span> like <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>constantly <\/span>br<\/span>oke <\/span>all <\/span>previous<\/span> <\/span>sales<\/span> records<\/span>,<\/span> and <\/span>why <\/span>not<\/span>?<\/span> Like so many other <\/span>popular <\/span>outlets<\/span> of the day<\/span>, KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>not only <\/span>sponsored <\/span>exciting <\/span>local <\/span>events<\/span> and <\/span>hosted <\/span>numerous <\/span>guest appearances<\/span> by <\/span>their <\/span>popular <\/span>jocks<\/span>; but also, <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>presented <\/span>electrifying <\/span>publicity campaigns<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Al<\/span>l<\/span> <\/span>those <\/span>highly <\/span>energetic <\/span>daily <\/span>activit<\/span>ies <\/span>not only <\/span>kep<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>KY-<\/span>11 <\/span>in the <\/span>spot<\/span>light<\/span>; but also, <\/span>enabled it to <\/span>diligently <\/span>sell <\/span>large<\/span> <\/span>blocks of <\/span>spot <\/span>advertising<\/span> daily<\/span>. <\/span>In <\/span>fact<\/span>, m<\/span>any <\/span>companies <\/span>relied <\/span>time and time again <\/span>on <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>insightful <\/span>p<\/span>romoters <\/span>t<\/span>o <\/span>assist <\/span>them <\/span>in <\/span>attaining their monthly sales quotas<\/span>. <\/span>As the <\/span>unabashed <\/span>promos of the day said <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Give KYW the chance and it will deliver<\/span>!<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Such was the case w<\/span>hen <\/span>a discerning local <\/span>car dealer <\/span>named <\/span>Del Spitzer<\/span> (1933-2019)<\/span> <\/span>first <\/span>approached <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> promot<\/span>ion\u2019s team <\/span>for help <\/span>in <\/span>the autumn of <\/span>19<\/span>56<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cSponsor Contest,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Working t<\/span>ogether<\/span>,<\/span> they <\/span>came up with <\/span>a<\/span> very <\/span>effective<\/span> <\/span>marketing <\/span>strategy <\/span>that <\/span>certainly <\/span>stimulate<\/span>d<\/span> new<\/span> car sales<\/span> for Spitzer\u2019s<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>It was <\/span>called<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>\u201cBattle o<\/span>f the Dealerships.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nBegun <\/span>in 1957<\/span>, it <\/span>pitted <\/span>Joe Finan <\/span>against <\/span>Wes Hopkins <\/span>in a <\/span>head\u2013to-head <\/span>co<\/span>mpetition<\/span> to sell the <\/span>greatest number of <\/span>new <\/span>cars<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Finan <\/span>represented Spitzer Ford <\/span>and <\/span>Hopkins Spitzer Dodge-Plymouth. Each <\/span>DJ <\/span>ran <\/span>remote <\/span>broadcast<\/span>s <\/span>from <\/span>his respected <\/span>agency<\/span>. <\/span>Bottom line, t<\/span>heir <\/span>constant <\/span>chatter <\/span>brought <\/span>enormous <\/span>attention to <\/span>both <\/span>dealerships. In <\/span>the end, Finan<\/span> won <\/span>the contest<\/span> and was <\/span>reward<\/span>ed<\/span> w<\/span>ith <\/span>a<\/span> $900 trip to Acapulco, M<\/span>exico<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Del <\/span>Spitzer was <\/span>indeed <\/span>a <\/span>happy<\/span> man<\/span>. <\/span>S<\/span>ales at S<\/span>pitzer Ford<\/span> <\/span>in July 19<\/span>59 increased by more than 30% over <\/span>\u201958 <\/span>figures<\/span> <\/span>while Spitzer Dodge-Plymouth <\/span>posted <\/span>20% <\/span>sales gains<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Zany <\/span>advertising<\/span> stunts<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>like that<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>apparently <\/span>pa<\/span>id<\/span> off<\/span> well<\/span> <\/span>especially <\/span>for <\/span>businesses that <\/span>depended<\/span> on <\/span>high <\/span>sales <\/span>volume such as Sp<\/span>i<\/span>tzer<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>From that point forward, <\/span>Del Spitzer <\/span>ran <\/span>an average of <\/span>fifty <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>seventy <\/span>radio <\/span>spot<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>a week<\/span> on <\/span>his <\/span>favorite <\/span>radio <\/span>station<\/span> KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nJob <\/span>advancements<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>a regular <\/span>thing <\/span>at <\/span>KY-11<\/span>. One of the biggest <\/span>announcement<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>in that regards <\/span>occurred <\/span>that <\/span>November when <\/span>Gil Faggen, <\/span>t<\/span>he <\/span>former<\/span> <\/span>Director and P<\/span>roducer of <\/span>\u201cProgram PM<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>became <\/span>that station\u2019s latest <\/span>Music Policy, Special Programming and Spot Sales Development<\/span> Director<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cCondon\u2019s Notes Will Only the Contestants Be Punished In The Television Quiz Show Frauds?\u201d <\/span><\/span>Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 4, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Responding<\/span> <\/span>to audience<\/span> request<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>more cult<\/span>u<\/span>ral programs led <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>to begin <\/span>to <\/span>read <\/span>poems <\/span>on-air<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cFM-Your Ticket to Quality Music,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>November 8, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On the AM side, <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>latest promotion<\/span> <\/span>\u201cKYW the Station with the <\/span>Million<\/span> Dollar Sound\u201d <\/span>unquestionably <\/span>appeal<\/span>ed<\/span> to <\/span>its <\/span>listener<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>greedier<\/span> <\/span>side<\/span>. Developed by Janet <\/span>K. <\/span>Byers, <\/span>this <\/span>off-beat <\/span>contest <\/span>featured <\/span>a $100,000 life insurance policy<\/span> and <\/span>seven days of luxury living<\/span> for <\/span>its <\/span>lucky winners<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW\u2019s Billion Dollar Promotion,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 16, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>D<\/span>isc jockeys <\/span>chauffeured <\/span>around <\/span>in fancy <\/span>limousines g<\/span>a<\/span>ve <\/span>passer <\/span>byes<\/span> <\/span>100,000 <\/span>in <\/span>fake <\/span>million<\/span> dollar checks<\/span>.<\/span> A<\/span>nother<\/span> <\/span>campaign <\/span>enabled two winners to <\/span>either <\/span>walk through a bank fondling <\/span>$1 <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>in cash <\/span>or <\/span>live <\/span>like <\/span>million<\/span>aire<\/span>s<\/span> for <\/span>a <\/span>week.<\/span> <\/span>Growing complaints against its new one-hour format<\/span>, <\/span>led <\/span>KYW <\/span>to restore <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>to its <\/span>two hour <\/span>slot<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>year\u2019s end<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cProgram PM Returns to Old Form,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 28, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>The new<\/span> two hour <\/span>format <\/span>began with <\/span>Carl Stern answer<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>phone <\/span>calls <\/span>while <\/span>Pat Patterson <\/span>talked <\/span>sports<\/span>. That was<\/span> <\/span>followed by <\/span>Stern, Big Wilson and Tom Manning<\/span> <\/span>talking about <\/span>the <\/span>day\u2019s <\/span>event<\/span>s.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>Wilson and Manning <\/span>may have been <\/span>well-known <\/span>celebrities <\/span>but <\/span>Carl <\/span>Stern<\/span> was not<\/span>. <\/span>A top<\/span>-rated <\/span>announcer <\/span>with a commanding <\/span>presence<\/span>, <\/span>h<\/span>e soon gained a <\/span>substantial<\/span> following <\/span>at KYW<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In 1967, <\/span>Carl Stern <\/span>left <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>for <\/span>NBC<\/span>-N<\/span>ews<\/span>. He remained there for <\/span>many <\/span>years<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nA <\/span>dark<\/span>er<\/span> side of <\/span>the <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music <\/span>business <\/span>began <\/span>to <\/span>unfold in <\/span>late 19<\/span>59. <\/span>It <\/span>shock<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>both <\/span>the radio-industry <\/span>and its <\/span>many <\/span>followe<\/span>rs<\/span>. <\/span>Regrettably, <\/span>KYW was <\/span>one <\/span>of <\/span>a number of <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>station<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>caught in <\/span>its <\/span>web of <\/span>lies and <\/span>deceit<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Surprisingly<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the public <\/span>was <\/span>pretty much <\/span>unaware <\/span>of <\/span>what was <\/span>going on <\/span>until <\/span>after Thanksgiving<\/span>. In fact, <\/span>the month of <\/span>December<\/span> <\/span>began <\/span>quite <\/span>normal<\/span>ly <\/span>at KYW-Radio <\/span>with <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>many <\/span>listeners <\/span>enjoying <\/span>the traditional <\/span>lighting of the <\/span>en<\/span>o<\/span>rmous <\/span>Christmas tree <\/span>at <\/span>Sterling, Lindner Davis<\/span> Department Store<\/span> downtown<\/span>. Joe Finan, Wes Hopkins, Wally King, Big Wilson and Gloria Brown <\/span>participated in the festivities<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cLook and Listen All Day Tomorrow: KYW Holiday Kick-Off,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 29, 1959.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> However, the <\/span>season\u2019s <\/span>cheerful <\/span>mood <\/span>rapidly <\/span>s<\/span>o<\/span>ured <\/span>when <\/span>on December 4<\/span>, 1959<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>announced the <\/span>f<\/span>ir<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>Joe Finan and Wes Hopkins <\/span>tw<\/span>o<\/span> of <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>popular<\/span> jocks<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cKYW Signs Off Finan and Hopkins,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 4, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Radio\u00a0<\/span>officials <\/span>claimed <\/span>th<\/span>at their <\/span>firing<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>result<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>f<\/span>rom <\/span>their failure<\/span> to <\/span>follow <\/span>company <\/span>guidelines<\/span> <\/span>regarding <\/span>the <\/span>accept<\/span>ing <\/span>of <\/span>favors, gifts or money from <\/span>various <\/span>record companies <\/span>and <\/span>distributors<\/span>.<\/span> I<\/span>t <\/span>was <\/span>\u201c<\/span>payola.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAs mentioned earlier, many record companies and distributors <\/span>in the <\/span>mid to late <\/span>\u201850s <\/span>had <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>showered <\/span>select DJs with <\/span>all kinds of <\/span>special incentives <\/span>if they agreed to <\/span>play certain of their 45s <\/span>repeatedly<\/span> over others<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Richard Shepard, \u201cDisk Concern Cites Payola,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 2, 1959. Ralph Blumenthal, \u201cCharges of Payola Over Radio Music,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 25, 2002.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>The feds did not <\/span>ban <\/span>this <\/span>practice <\/span>a<\/span>s long as those <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>did two <\/span>import<\/span>a<\/span>nt <\/span>things<\/span> upfront<\/span>. First, they had to <\/span>report and then <\/span>pa<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>Uncle Sam any <\/span>back <\/span>taxes <\/span>owed<\/span> from recei<\/span>vi<\/span>ng such <\/span>gifts<\/span>. Second, th<\/span>ose <\/span>same <\/span>jocks <\/span>had to tell their <\/span>fans that they were being paid <\/span>by outside<\/span>r<\/span> group<\/span>s <\/span>to play c<\/span>ertain<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>at specific times<\/span> and that those records were not <\/span>currently <\/span>on <\/span>their <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>playlist<\/span>. <\/span>Easy <\/span>enough to d<\/span>o; <\/span>yet, <\/span>few <\/span>of them <\/span>c<\/span>omplied<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nIn <\/span>both <\/span>Finan and Hopkins case<\/span>s<\/span>, t<\/span>heir <\/span>attorney <\/span>H. Donald Zimmermann <\/span>said <\/span>that <\/span>the<\/span>ir dismissals were<\/span> <\/span>uncalled<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>and that KYW <\/span>officials <\/span>should have <\/span>taken <\/span>suitable <\/span>steps to <\/span>protect<\/span> <\/span>them<\/span> <\/span>from the<\/span> <\/span>onset<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Signs Off Finan and Hopkins.\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> He <\/span>further <\/span>argu<\/span>ed that <\/span>since <\/span>that outlet <\/span>had no <\/span>formal <\/span>policy <\/span>regarding <\/span>payola <\/span>then <\/span>th<\/span>ey <\/span>should not <\/span>have been punished <\/span>for <\/span>participating<\/span> in <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Apparently<\/span>, the WBC <\/span>board <\/span>had <\/span>d<\/span>iscussed <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>idea <\/span>of <\/span>establishing <\/span>a <\/span>formal <\/span>policy<\/span> <\/span>pertaining <\/span>to <\/span>payola<\/span>; however, it <\/span>had not taken any <\/span>formal action <\/span>on it<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Whatever personal <\/span>feelings one might have <\/span>had <\/span>regarding <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> firing <\/span>really <\/span>did<\/span>n\u2019t <\/span>matter much to <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>higher ups.<\/span> <\/span>They <\/span>spen<\/span>t very little <\/span>time <\/span>deliberating <\/span>their <\/span>fate. <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Finan and Hopkins <\/span>did <\/span>the crime they must <\/span>pay the <\/span>price<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> What most concerned <\/span>the <\/span>B<\/span>oard <\/span>of Directors <\/span>w<\/span>as how <\/span>best <\/span>to <\/span>minimize the <\/span>long-term<\/span> <\/span>damage<\/span> <\/span>created <\/span>by <\/span>their latest actions<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>All <\/span>agreed <\/span>that f<\/span>iring them <\/span>was <\/span>the <\/span>quickest and <\/span>simplest solution<\/span>.<\/span> It would <\/span>definitely <\/span>send out a clear<\/span> <\/span>message<\/span> to others<\/span> who might want to engage in similar activities in the future<\/span>. In less than a<\/span> <\/span>blink<\/span> of <\/span>an eye<\/span>, <\/span>Specs Howard replac<\/span>ed<\/span> Joe Finan <\/span>as <\/span>Channel 3 <\/span>weather<\/span>man<\/span> while Wally King <\/span>shouldered <\/span>Finan\u2019s <\/span>very <\/span>popular <\/span>afternoon <\/span>gig<\/span>. <\/span>Specs <\/span>Howard also <\/span>took over <\/span>Wes <\/span>Hopkins<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>show<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nT<\/span>he <\/span>widening <\/span>federal <\/span>probe into payola <\/span>activities <\/span>resulted in <\/span>the <\/span>p<\/span>rosecution of <\/span>roughly <\/span>twenty <\/span>DJs<\/span>. That i<\/span>nclud<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>several <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>jocks <\/span>work<\/span>ing <\/span>at <\/span>WBZ<\/span>-<\/span>Boston <\/span>a<\/span>s well as a host of <\/span>national <\/span>record companies and <\/span>regional <\/span>distributors.<\/span> <\/span>Both <\/span>Finan and Hopkins <\/span>wasted little time before <\/span>launch<\/span>ing <\/span>breach of contract suits<\/span> against <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> Broadcasting Company<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201c9 Record Firms, One Here, Are Charged With Payola,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 5, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Again, t<\/span>heir lawyer<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>hoped that <\/span>WBC would <\/span>reinstat<\/span>e <\/span>them<\/span> ASAP<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Both <\/span>jocks <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>claimed <\/span>they <\/span>had <\/span>done nothing wrong. They were <\/span>paid <\/span>consultants<\/span> who <\/span>were asked <\/span>by reputable recording companies and distributors <\/span>to pick <\/span>out <\/span>potential<\/span>ly profitable <\/span>45s<\/span> from their extensive <\/span>record <\/span>collections<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW D.J.\u2019s Fired,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 7, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Their <\/span>keen <\/span>business <\/span>instincts <\/span>in those matters <\/span>had <\/span>proved <\/span>invaluable to the record industry <\/span>in the past why couldn\u2019t they do the same thing <\/span>now<\/span> and in the <\/span>foreseeable <\/span>future<\/span>?<\/span>\r\n\r\nNineteen Fifty-Nine <\/span>concluded with <\/span>1100 AM <\/span>proudly <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing <\/span>its<\/span> one hour<\/span> <\/span>review of <\/span>that year\u2019s <\/span>top <\/span>events<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cThe Year in Review,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 27, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>\u2018<\/span>60s <\/span>ushered in a <\/span>brand <\/span>new <\/span>era of <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>for KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>. It <\/span>began <\/span>w<\/span>ith Carl Stern and his ace reporter <\/span>Paul Sciria <\/span>host<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>a rev<\/span>amped <\/span>\u201cProgram PM<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[footnote]\u201cPM Expands Again in Listener Victory,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>January 2, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Many listeners truly believed that <\/span>this Westinghouse outlet <\/span>was <\/span>truly <\/span>their own<\/span> personal <\/span>station <\/span>and <\/span>as such <\/span>they had <\/span>the <\/span>right to make <\/span>a <\/span>slew <\/span>of <\/span>suggestions that <\/span>they <\/span>believed <\/span>would <\/span>dramatically<\/span> <\/span>improve <\/span>its <\/span>depth and <\/span>quality<\/span>. <\/span>S<\/span>uch was the case when a group of <\/span>h<\/span>igh <\/span>s<\/span>chool students <\/span>from Independence, OH asked <\/span>station <\/span>officials<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>restore <\/span>Dick Reynolds <\/span>to his <\/span>Mid<\/span>night <\/span>gig.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>They didn\u2019t like <\/span>his replacement Dave <\/span>Hawthorne<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>pres<\/span>sing <\/span>need to keep costs <\/span>down<\/span> <\/span>and revenues high <\/span>while <\/span>maintain<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>high <\/span>ratings <\/span>and honor<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>the contracts of their <\/span>prized <\/span>jocks<\/span> <\/span>often <\/span>encouraged <\/span>managers <\/span>to ignore <\/span>off-the-wall <\/span>requests<\/span> like th<\/span>e<\/span> one<\/span> <\/span>recently <\/span>submitted by those <\/span>high school <\/span>students<\/span>. <\/span>However, that didn\u2019t prevent<\/span> KYW<\/span> program<\/span> coordinators <\/span>from <\/span>radically altering <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>daily <\/span>lineup<\/span> when<\/span>ever<\/span> <\/span>necessary<\/span>. <\/span>Just such a <\/span>development <\/span>affected <\/span>the <\/span>10 to 11 p.m<\/span>. <\/span>time <\/span>slot<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>new<\/span>ly <\/span>expanded \u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>meant that <\/span>something <\/span>else <\/span>had to give<\/span> <\/span>somewhere else<\/span>. <\/span>In this case, <\/span>the <\/span>hour long <\/span>show <\/span>\u201cBig Jazz\u201d <\/span>was <\/span>cut <\/span>in half<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Its <\/span>recent <\/span>drop in <\/span>the <\/span>ratings <\/span>led to that <\/span>action<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nJoe Finan and Wes Hopkins <\/span>served as <\/span>t<\/span>he key note speakers at t<\/span>he <\/span>January \u2018<\/span>60 meeting of the <\/span>C<\/span>leveland Jaycee\u2019s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cFinan Argues Case in Talk to Jaycees,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0January 7, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Both defended the<\/span>ir <\/span>recent <\/span>actions <\/span>by <\/span>claiming <\/span>that nothing in their contracts <\/span>specifically <\/span>forbade <\/span>them from <\/span>engaging in <\/span>such activities<\/span>.<\/span> Finan <\/span>blamed <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>Mainline Distributor<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>his <\/span>difficult<\/span>ies<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>H<\/span>e said <\/span>that <\/span>Mainline <\/span>had <\/span>thoughtlessly <\/span>placed <\/span>his <\/span>consulting <\/span>fees <\/span>under <\/span>\u201c<\/span>payola<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Finan<\/span> further <\/span>argu<\/span>ed that <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>managers<\/span> <\/span>fully <\/span>knew <\/span>what <\/span>he and Hopkins <\/span>were <\/span>up to and they <\/span>said <\/span>nothing<\/span> <\/span>about it<\/span>. <\/span>He believed that th<\/span>is <\/span>recently <\/span>drummed up <\/span>scandal had <\/span>given <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>golden <\/span>opportunity <\/span>it was looking for <\/span>to <\/span>clean<\/span> its <\/span>house<\/span> <\/span>without <\/span>causing <\/span>a <\/span>public <\/span>stir<\/span>. <\/span>In this <\/span>instance<\/span>, cleaning house <\/span>meant<\/span> <\/span>firing <\/span>some of <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>high<\/span>est<\/span>-<\/span>paid <\/span>celebr<\/span>ities<\/span> <\/span>which <\/span>of course meant <\/span>them<\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Finan <\/span>then<\/span> went on to say <\/span>that <\/span>there was not<\/span>hing<\/span> <\/span>inherently <\/span>wrong with <\/span>Top 40<\/span> radio<\/span>. <\/span>It was neither corrupt nor immoral. He reminded everyone to not heed high-brow corporate leaders within the music industry itself who repeatedly berated Top 40 programming for their own gains. The first round of federal hearings on payola ended later in \u201860. Penalties included $10,000 fine and prison time. One of the new remedies adopted by many AM stations allowed their business managers and not radio personalities, to determine which records received airplay and which ones didn\u2019t. Rational thinking like that allegedly ending future illegal activities by unscrupulous local jocks. Payola has periodically resurfaced in commercial broadcasting over the last sixty years but not with the same intensity.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAt the end of <\/span>January<\/span> 19<\/span>60<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the radio-industry <\/span>learn<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>for the first time <\/span>that <\/span>the Board of Directors at <\/span>RKO<\/span>-<\/span>General <\/span>(RKO) <\/span>had <\/span>approached <\/span>RCA-NBC <\/span>about <\/span>exchang<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>Phil<\/span>adelphia<\/span> station<\/span> <\/span>WRCV <\/span>for <\/span>RKO\u2019s <\/span>Boston <\/span>equivalent<\/span> <\/span>WNAC<\/span> radio and television.<\/span> <\/span>Part of <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>proposed <\/span>arrangement <\/span>also <\/span>called for <\/span>transferring <\/span>WRC, the <\/span>NBC <\/span>affiliate <\/span>in <\/span>Washington, D.C.<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>RKO<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNBC Plans Shift for Two Stations,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 21, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>Once <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>successfully <\/span>secure<\/span>d a <\/span>new <\/span>foothold <\/span>with<\/span>in <\/span>the Boston market<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>planned <\/span>to purchase another <\/span>prime <\/span>Philadelphia <\/span>outlet<\/span>. <\/span>If <\/span>that <\/span>transpired <\/span>it <\/span>would have <\/span>enabled <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> to <\/span>have blanketed <\/span>control <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>E<\/span>ast <\/span>C<\/span>oast <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>market<\/span> <\/span>running anywhere <\/span>from southern Maine to northern Virginia<\/span>. <\/span>Also<\/span>, <\/span>RKO<\/span>\u2019s attorneys hoped their actions might <\/span>divert <\/span>the <\/span>attention of the <\/span>feds <\/span>away from the <\/span>controversial <\/span>\u201956 <\/span>swap <\/span>and the <\/span>recent <\/span>DOJ <\/span>c<\/span>onsent decree.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNBC Swap With RKO Taking Shape,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 25, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nIf t<\/span>he <\/span>feds <\/span>had <\/span>accept<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>th<\/span>e RKO-General <\/span>petition <\/span>unconditionally<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>would have <\/span>radically <\/span>altered <\/span>commercial <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>with<\/span>in <\/span>one <\/span>of <\/span>our <\/span>nation\u2019s <\/span>largest <\/span>markets<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Furthermore<\/span>, <\/span>i<\/span>f <\/span>the <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Dep<\/span>a<\/span>rtme<\/span>nt\u2019s<\/span> consent <\/span>decree<\/span> <\/span>was <\/span>quashed <\/span>by the <\/span>F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> that would have <\/span>paved the way <\/span>for <\/span>similar<\/span>ly <\/span>station <\/span>exchanges<\/span> nationwide<\/span>. <\/span>However, i<\/span>f the <\/span>commissioners <\/span>absolutely <\/span>reje<\/span>ct<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>the proposal <\/span>that <\/span>might <\/span>have <\/span>been <\/span>the first <\/span>in a <\/span>series <\/span>of <\/span>steps<\/span> <\/span>that would have <\/span>eventual<\/span>ly led to the<\/span> <\/span>breakup <\/span>of <\/span>two of <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>country<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>large<\/span>st<\/span> <\/span>radio networks. <\/span>I<\/span>t <\/span>was a gamble<\/span> <\/span>full of <\/span>potentially <\/span>devastating<\/span> <\/span>business <\/span>consequences<\/span>,<\/span> and<\/span> yet<\/span>, <\/span>RKO<\/span>\u2019s legal counsel<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>ook <\/span>it <\/span>on<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Everyone speculated <\/span>as to <\/span>how <\/span>the federal courts, the DOJ <\/span>and <\/span>the FCC <\/span>might react to <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>previously unexpected <\/span>petition<\/span>. <\/span>But<\/span>, <\/span>the majority of <\/span>odd makers <\/span>in 1960 <\/span>were <\/span>more than <\/span>willing to <\/span>bet<\/span> <\/span>against <\/span>it<\/span>. <\/span>Most <\/span>of them <\/span>thought <\/span>that <\/span>RKO <\/span>p<\/span>etition <\/span>would <\/span>be <\/span>hopelessly <\/span>st<\/span>uck <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>federal <\/span>court<\/span> system<\/span> for years<\/span>. <\/span>If that <\/span>occurred that <\/span>would not be good for <\/span>either <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>or <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nEager <\/span>to <\/span>increase <\/span>its <\/span>number of <\/span>early evening <\/span>listeners <\/span>led <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>incorporate <\/span>a<\/span>n existing <\/span>outside radio <\/span>show <\/span>in<\/span>to its <\/span>daily <\/span>lineup on <\/span>January 25<\/span>, 19<\/span>60<\/span>. <\/span>Formerly <\/span>broadcasted over <\/span>WDOK<\/span>-Radio<\/span>,<\/span> the \u201cHi-Fi Club\u201d <\/span>successful<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>switch<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>from its old<\/span> haunts <\/span>at 1260 AM <\/span>to <\/span>its new digs at <\/span>11<\/span>00 AM<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cHi-Fi Club Moves; New Cards Needed,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 23, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Heard <\/span>weekdays from 8<\/span> <\/span>to 9 p.m. and again on Saturday at 9<\/span> p.m.<\/span>, <\/span>it <\/span>was <\/span>geared <\/span>explicitly <\/span>for <\/span>teenagers<\/span>. <\/span>Acting<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>both <\/span>judge <\/span>and jury, a <\/span>different <\/span>pa<\/span>nel <\/span>of <\/span>teens <\/span>e<\/span>very <\/span>week <\/span>select<\/span>ed<\/span> the <\/span>particular <\/span>records t<\/span>hey wanted <\/span>to <\/span>hear <\/span>on KYW <\/span>that <\/span>evening and <\/span>the next day<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Setting aside the exciting changes affecting KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>daily <\/span>broadcast<\/span>s<\/span>, <\/span>what <\/span>exactly <\/span>wa<\/span>s going on <\/span>in <\/span>the legal world<\/span> at that moment<\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>initial <\/span>NBC<\/span>-<\/span>RKO <\/span>discussions <\/span>focus<\/span>ing<\/span> on a possible <\/span>station <\/span>exchange <\/span>re<\/span>-<\/span>emerged <\/span>in <\/span>May<\/span> <\/span>\u2018<\/span>60<\/span>. <\/span>This time <\/span>NBC <\/span>stoked <\/span>the flames <\/span>of <\/span>this <\/span>controversy <\/span>by <\/span>announc<\/span>ing <\/span>that it <\/span>plan<\/span>ned<\/span> to sell <\/span>its <\/span>popular <\/span>Washington<\/span>, D.C.<\/span> <\/span>radio and television <\/span>outlet<\/span> for <\/span>a whopping <\/span>$11.5 <\/span>million<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNBC Swap With RKO Taking Shape,\u201d<\/span><\/span> Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 25, 1960.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>However, <\/span>th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>deal <\/span>hinged on <\/span>two <\/span>other <\/span>things<\/span> occurring <\/span>upfront<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>First, <\/span>RCA<\/span>-NBC<\/span> <\/span>must be <\/span>permitted <\/span>to <\/span>acquir<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>another <\/span>big <\/span>city <\/span>station<\/span>,<\/span> perhaps in San Francisco<\/span>. Second, <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>must <\/span>a<\/span>gree to <\/span>that arr<\/span>a<\/span>ngement<\/span>. Another <\/span>legal <\/span>issue <\/span>to <\/span>arise <\/span>concerned <\/span>the upcoming <\/span>Philco<\/span> case<\/span>. <\/span>You might remember that this <\/span>looming <\/span>c<\/span>ourt battle <\/span>revolved around <\/span>so-called <\/span>unfair <\/span>business <\/span>dealings<\/span> <\/span>initiated<\/span> by <\/span>NBC <\/span>against<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>well-<\/span>established <\/span>Philadelphia<\/span> <\/span>corporation<\/span>. <\/span>Amazingly<\/span>, t<\/span>h<\/span>at regulatory agency <\/span>remained silent <\/span>on <\/span>Philco\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>recent legal action <\/span>perhaps <\/span>due to <\/span>the fact that <\/span>its <\/span>commission<\/span>ers<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>not <\/span>yet <\/span>fully <\/span>processed <\/span>the <\/span>o<\/span>ral <\/span>arguments <\/span>that<\/span> company had <\/span>presented <\/span>the previous <\/span>October<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>If RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>as successful in <\/span>acquir<\/span>ing<\/span> WRC<\/span>-Washington, D.C.<\/span> then <\/span>it <\/span>would <\/span>have to <\/span>divest itself of its <\/span>current <\/span>holding <\/span>in th<\/span>e district <\/span>WGMS<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>President Don <\/span>McGannon said that all of this legal mumble jumble could be resolved very quickly if Congress enacted a commercial bribery law with some teeth in it.[footnote]\u201cTV Official Urges U.S. to Ban Payola,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>January 26, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]\u00a0However, he knew such actions were highly unlikely based on the hesitation of Congressional leaders to act swiftly on payola.<\/span>\r\n\r\nFebruary<\/span> 19<\/span>60<\/span> saw <\/span>the House<\/span> <\/span>Legislative Oversight Subcommittee beg<\/span>i<\/span>n <\/span>its <\/span>long overdue <\/span>hearings on <\/span>that subject<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cHarris Drums Up Payola Parade and a Surprised Westinghouse Finds Itself Leading the March,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 15, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Early testimony <\/span>showed <\/span>that <\/span>both <\/span>KYW and WBZ <\/span>had <\/span>done nothing to <\/span>stop <\/span>several of their <\/span>jocks <\/span>from <\/span>receiv<\/span>ing<\/span> thousands of dollars <\/span>in <\/span>consult<\/span>ing fees<\/span> and gifts<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In the case of <\/span>Boston\u2019s <\/span>W<\/span>BZ,<\/span> three of <\/span>its <\/span>favorite<\/span> celebrities <\/span>Alan Dary<\/span> (1920-2009)<\/span>, Dave Maynard<\/span> (1929-2012<\/span>) and<\/span> Norm Prescott <\/span>(1927-2005) <\/span>had <\/span>received <\/span>a total of <\/span>more than $16,000 in <\/span>gifts and money<\/span> from <\/span>the record <\/span>industry<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Unlike its sister station in Boston, <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>brazenly refused to supply <\/span>that committee <\/span>with <\/span>either <\/span>its program logs <\/span>or <\/span>playlists<\/span>. Th<\/span>at <\/span>bold <\/span>action<\/span> <\/span>by KYW <\/span>was <\/span>astonishing g<\/span>iven the <\/span>weightiness <\/span>of this<\/span> situation<\/span>. Remember <\/span>its <\/span>DJs <\/span>had <\/span>received <\/span>more than $30<\/span>,000 <\/span>in \u201cconsulting fees\u201d <\/span>from <\/span>numerous <\/span>record <\/span>labels <\/span>and distributors <\/span>cover<\/span>ing<\/span> a <\/span>two year<\/span> <\/span>period<\/span>.<\/span> In <\/span>Joe <\/span>Finan\u2019s <\/span>case<\/span>,<\/span> his <\/span>annual <\/span>KYW <\/span>salary <\/span>r<\/span>anged <\/span>from <\/span>$38,000 to $40,000.<\/span>[footnote]Edward <\/span>Kernan<\/span>, \u201cGot $12,000 on Side, Finan Says Only $450 was Payola He Insists,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 10, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>Further investigation <\/span>by th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>same <\/span>house committee <\/span>discovered<\/span> that he had received <\/span>roughly $15,000 <\/span>from <\/span>a number of <\/span>record companies and distributors<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at<\/span> breakdown <\/span>included $<\/span>1,250 from Mainline Distributor; $2,500 from Cosn<\/span>a<\/span>t Record Distribution Company,\u00a0<\/span>$5,200 from Mercury Records, $450 from Big Top, $600 from Un<\/span>ited Artists and $1,400 from Shad<\/span>. <\/span>Finan also got <\/span>$1,400 from Hugo & Luigi Productions, $600 from Decca, $450 from Cameo<\/span>, $1,050 from Carlton, $400 from Epic<\/span>, $600 from Coed<\/span>, <\/span>$300 from Meridian Music Publishers (Red Label), $200 from London Records and $150 from Madison. Chess<\/span> R<\/span>ecord<\/span> Company <\/span>also <\/span>furnished <\/span>Finan <\/span>a <\/span>$2,000 <\/span>no-<\/span>interest<\/span> <\/span>loan<\/span> of which $1<\/span>,<\/span>700 <\/span>of it <\/span>remained <\/span>outstanding<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cHarris Drums Up Payola Parade.\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nHopkins <\/span>reported a<\/span>n annual<\/span> <\/span>salary of $21,800. <\/span>H<\/span>e had recei<\/span>ved $5,000 in 19<\/span>5<\/span>8 and $7,000 <\/span>the following year<\/span>.<\/span> T<\/span>hat included <\/span>$1,300 from Mainline Distributor; $3,400 from Mercury<\/span> Records<\/span>, $1,675<\/span> from Cosna<\/span>t <\/span>and $300 from B<\/span>ig Top. Hopkins also received $575 in <\/span>consulting fees f<\/span>rom <\/span>Shad <\/span>Records<\/span> plus <\/span>$75 from <\/span>Cameo, $950 from Carlton, $900 from Jubilee<\/span>, $275 from Coed <\/span>and $200 from End Records.<\/span> <\/span>Apparently, the <\/span>recently <\/span>f<\/span>ired <\/span>KYW <\/span>record librarian <\/span>Charles Young <\/span>had <\/span>assisted <\/span>them <\/span>in <\/span>choosing the record<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>they <\/span>played<\/span>. <\/span>Young <\/span>had <\/span>receiv<\/span>ed<\/span> $450 from Mainline Distributor; $800 to $900 from Mercury Records, $300 from Time Records, $500 from Roulette, $50 to $75 from Coed and $300 to $350 from Cosnat. <\/span>He <\/span>claimed <\/span>that he <\/span>was <\/span>always <\/span>above board <\/span>in his\u00a0<\/span>business <\/span>practices <\/span>and <\/span>that he <\/span>never <\/span>knowing<\/span>ly <\/span>promot<\/span>ed <\/span>one <\/span>record <\/span>company over another.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>publicity campaign <\/span>in <\/span>February <\/span>19<\/span>60 <\/span>proudly <\/span>announced that <\/span>KY<\/span>W-AM <\/span>was once again <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>number one radio station.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW Is Way Up in Cleveland!\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 15, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>A<\/span>s a tribute to <\/span>local<\/span> <\/span>radio legends, <\/span>station <\/span>managers prais<\/span>ed <\/span>Tom Manning<\/span> for his <\/span>many<\/span> years of devoted <\/span>s<\/span>ervice<\/span> to both WTAM and KYW<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>For quite <\/span>a while<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>highly <\/span>confiden<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>p<\/span>romoters had been searching for a new <\/span>station <\/span>identity<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>one <\/span>that <\/span>would <\/span>resonate well with the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>emergent <\/span>listening audience. <\/span>That March, <\/span>the<\/span>y move<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>ahead with <\/span>plans <\/span>to convert <\/span>\u201c<\/span>good old<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>into the <\/span>all-new <\/span>\u201cBig K.\u201d <\/span>Station promoters<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>thinking they had <\/span>indeed <\/span>found the perfect solution<\/span> to their dilemma<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>asked <\/span>their <\/span>trusted <\/span>fans <\/span>to <\/span>start <\/span>think<\/span>ing<\/span> \u201cK-Konscious.\u201d<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cNew Radio Riddle: Who Took a Big Cue from WABQ?\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 6, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>promotion <\/span>effort <\/span>also <\/span>in<\/span>cluded <\/span>a <\/span>quirky <\/span>contest in which the <\/span>lucky <\/span>winner won a <\/span>free <\/span>trip to <\/span>beautiful <\/span>\u201cKopenhagen, Denmark<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nT<\/span>his \u201ckrazy\u201d publicity campaign <\/span>purposely <\/span>focused <\/span>the public\u2019s attention <\/span>on <\/span>\u201ckazoplaying\u201d contest<\/span>s<\/span>,<\/span> kayak race<\/span>s<\/span> and kite flying <\/span>races<\/span>. <\/span>Panned by critics and listen<\/span>ers alike<\/span> from its first day<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>promo <\/span>disappeared <\/span>as <\/span>rapid<\/span>ly <\/span>as <\/span>it appeared<\/span>. <\/span>On <\/span>the <\/span>positive <\/span>side of the <\/span>corporate<\/span> <\/span>ledger<\/span>, <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>sp<\/span>e<\/span>cial <\/span>Sunday show<\/span> <\/span>starring <\/span>Ronnie Barrett<\/span> continued to attract <\/span>a large number of <\/span>new <\/span>f<\/span>ollowers<\/span>. <\/span>Aptly <\/span>named <\/span>\u201cAlbum of the Week\u201d <\/span>it <\/span>originated from <\/span>the <\/span>record department<\/span> at Halle Brothers<\/span> <\/span>department store <\/span>downtown<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cListen to Album of the Week with Ronnie Barrett on KYW Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 20, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>That same month<\/span>,<\/span> m<\/span>ore <\/span>legal <\/span>details <\/span>began to <\/span>unfold <\/span>concern<\/span>ing <\/span>t<\/span>he <\/span>current <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> petition<\/span>. Th<\/span>at <\/span>entire <\/span>$11.<\/span>5<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> deal hung <\/span>i<\/span>n <\/span>the <\/span>balance<\/span> unless <\/span>the feds allowed the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>acquir<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>KTVU<\/span>-Oakland<\/span> for <\/span>the <\/span>$7.<\/span>5<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> figure<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNBC, RKO General Trades Three-City Station Sales are Announced,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span><\/span><\/em>, March 21, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Network <\/span>officials<\/span> <\/span>considered t<\/span>hat<\/span> <\/span>deal w<\/span>ell within <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>ball park. The one problem <\/span>still <\/span>looming <\/span>on the horizon <\/span>for <\/span>RCA<\/span>-NBC<\/span> <\/span>was <\/span>whether <\/span>the <\/span>DOJ and <\/span>FCC <\/span>w<\/span>ould <\/span>appro<\/span>ve <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nKYW\u2019s <\/span>Program Director Bud Wendell <\/span>proudly <\/span>represented <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Company <\/span>at a <\/span>White House Conference <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>hildren and <\/span>y<\/span>outh.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cCensorship is Topic for Debate Program,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 22, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Local program<\/span>mers <\/span>added racing results to Wally King\u2019s <\/span>afternoon <\/span>gig<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>April 1, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>successful Road Show reflected that station<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>unyielding <\/span>commitment to provide Clevelanders with excellent community service<\/span>. A recipient of the American Legion prestigious \u201cCitation of Merit<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>the Road Show <\/span>demonstrated <\/span>time after time <\/span>the <\/span>very best in <\/span>civic pride.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cOur Helpless and Handicapped, KYW Cleveland,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 11, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It <\/span>had <\/span>also won the <\/span>much <\/span>coveted <\/span>Sylvana Award, <\/span>as well as the <\/span>Edison Award <\/span>and <\/span>the Freedom Foundation Award.<\/span> <\/span>In <\/span>April<\/span> \u2018<\/span>60<\/span>, <\/span>W<\/span>BC officially <\/span>unveiled <\/span>its <\/span>latest <\/span>plans <\/span>for <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>radio and television <\/span>studio<\/span>. <\/span>L<\/span>ocated <\/span>at 1405 East 6<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> Street <\/span>in <\/span>the former East Ohio Gas Building <\/span>and d<\/span>esigned by <\/span>the <\/span>architect<\/span>ural team of <\/span>Sidney Stadig and Jack Bialosky<\/span>, Sr.<\/span> (1926-2020)<\/span>, <\/span>this <\/span>beaux art<\/span>s <\/span>complex<\/span> <\/span>feature<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>two large television studios<\/span>, state-of-the-art <\/span>office<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>pace<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>a well-stocked <\/span>cafeteria.<\/span>[footnote]Adin C. Rider, \u201cKYW to Have New Home In Ex-Gas Building,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em>, April 27, 1960. \u201cKYW-AM-TV Moves Into New Studio Facilities,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span><\/span><\/em>, December 12, 1960.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Riding <\/span>the <\/span>crest of <\/span>his <\/span>many <\/span>recent <\/span>success<\/span>es<\/span>, <\/span>the head of <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>Don <\/span>McGannon offer<\/span>ed<\/span> some <\/span>sage <\/span>advice<\/span> to <\/span>his <\/span>colleagues<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>S<\/span>tep<\/span>ping<\/span> down as Chairman of the National Artists & Broadcasters TV Code Review<\/span>,<\/span> he reminded <\/span>everyone <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>incredible <\/span>r<\/span>ebirth <\/span>of commercial<\/span> broadcasting over <\/span>the past <\/span>fifteen <\/span>years <\/span>or so <\/span>was not <\/span>just <\/span>due to <\/span>the <\/span>ever <\/span>growing <\/span>popularity <\/span>of <\/span>that new phenomenon <\/span>we <\/span>know as <\/span>television<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>He said that <\/span>commercial <\/span>ra<\/span>dio<\/span> <\/span>stations <\/span>also <\/span>deserve<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>a great deal of <\/span>the <\/span>credit<\/span> for <\/span>its <\/span>success<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cThe Road Ahead,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 1960.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>In fact, <\/span>radio <\/span>far <\/span>outstripped <\/span>television <\/span>when it<\/span> came to <\/span>offering <\/span>the <\/span>most up-to-date <\/span>newscasts<\/span> a<\/span>s well as <\/span>many <\/span>high quality <\/span>shows<\/span>. <\/span>He <\/span>further <\/span>s<\/span>uggested that <\/span>shar<\/span>ing <\/span>useful <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>tips <\/span>across the <\/span>mediums t<\/span>hrough <\/span>annual <\/span>corporate <\/span>sponsored <\/span>c<\/span>onferences <\/span>produced <\/span>a wide array of <\/span>highly <\/span>ingenious<\/span>,<\/span> new <\/span>business <\/span>ideas<\/span>. <\/span>The many <\/span>outstanding<\/span> <\/span>managers<\/span> and<\/span> skilled<\/span> <\/span>technicians<\/span> <\/span>that currently <\/span>work<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>radio and television <\/span>provided <\/span>all of that <\/span>and so much more to their co<\/span>-<\/span>workers<\/span>. <\/span>McGannon believed <\/span>that today\u2019s<\/span> radio <\/span>industry<\/span> <\/span>connect<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>s of <\/span>listeners <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>world <\/span>around them<\/span> on a daily basis<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>No other broadcasting medium<\/span> <\/span>could <\/span>boast that<\/span> in the early <\/span>\u2018<\/span>60s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nW<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>counsel <\/span>awaited <\/span>t<\/span>he<\/span> <\/span>impending <\/span>WRCV\u2019s license renewal <\/span>storm <\/span>that was about to <\/span>unleash its fury<\/span> <\/span>and might on <\/span>the federal courts<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Philco<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>pending <\/span>propos<\/span>al called for not only <\/span>spend <\/span>an <\/span>astounding <\/span>$4.<\/span>1<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>to erect <\/span>a <\/span>new<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>top-of-the-line <\/span>on-site <\/span>television <\/span>antenna<\/span>; but also, an additional <\/span>$<\/span>5<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>to improve <\/span>that station\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>overall <\/span>operational <\/span>capabilities<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cPhilco Wants Ch. 3 Philly,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 9, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>As previously noted<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>Phil<\/span>co <\/span>Corporation <\/span>in 1953 <\/span>had <\/span>sold <\/span>its original <\/span>Philly television <\/span>station <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>f<\/span>or <\/span>an a<\/span>mazing <\/span>$8.<\/span>5<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>. <\/span>It<\/span>s l<\/span>egal staff insisted <\/span>that N<\/span>B<\/span>C<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>sh<\/span>irked <\/span>its <\/span>responsibilities<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>hen it came <\/span>to <\/span>provid<\/span>ing <\/span>Philadelphians<\/span> with <\/span>top <\/span>quality <\/span>l<\/span>i<\/span>v<\/span>e program<\/span>ming<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>RCA-NBC <\/span>c<\/span>ountered <\/span>that <\/span>charge <\/span>directly <\/span>by c<\/span>laim<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>that Philco <\/span>had <\/span>been harassing <\/span>it needlessly<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>ould <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>fight ever <\/span>end<\/span> peaceably <\/span>no one <\/span>knew?<\/span>","rendered":"

KY<\/span>W<\/span>-Radio <\/span>became <\/span>an <\/span>even more <\/span>vital <\/span>component <\/span>of the <\/span>Greater <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>scene <\/span>beginning in <\/span>the spring of 19<\/span>59<\/span>. It <\/span>began <\/span>w<\/span>hen <\/span>that station sponsor<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>n <\/span>impromptu <\/span>r<\/span>ecord hop<\/span> on May 22<\/span><\/span>nd<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Its <\/span>p<\/span>roceeds<\/span> <\/span>went to<\/span>wards<\/span> the <\/span>Vince Wayne Memorial Fund. Th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>popular <\/span>sing<\/span>ing star<\/span> <\/span>had died <\/span>in <\/span>a<\/span> freak <\/span>accident <\/span>the <\/span>previous <\/span>day<\/span>.<\/span>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Westinghouse was <\/span>very <\/span>pleased when t<\/span>he Radio Division of the Association of Broadcasters <\/span>elected <\/span>Gordon Davis <\/span>as <\/span>its <\/span>new <\/span>VP<\/span>.<\/span>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>On numerous occasions<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>c<\/span>harit<\/span>ies <\/span>thanked KYW for its <\/span>heart<\/span> felt <\/span>contributions<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>its <\/span>sponsoring of <\/span>numerous <\/span>successful <\/span>events <\/span>that <\/span>includ<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>party <\/span>for <\/span>retarded children<\/span>. <\/span>The \u201cNice Things\u201d <\/span>promotion<\/span>al campaign, mentioned earlier, <\/span>was one of <\/span>many <\/span>successful <\/span>efforts <\/span>coordinated<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>the talented <\/span>Janet <\/span>K. <\/span>Beyer<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Another innovati<\/span>on<\/span> she came up with was <\/span>\u201cNew Horizons<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d\u00a0<\/span>Considered a<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>evolution<\/span>ary <\/span>breakthrough in <\/span>talk <\/span>shows<\/span>, it spread like wildfire <\/span>throughout the <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>industry<\/span>. <\/span>I<\/span>t <\/span>permitted studio <\/span>audience<\/span>s<\/span> to <\/span>actively <\/span>participate <\/span>in <\/span>discussions <\/span>that were <\/span>happening <\/span>right <\/span>in front of them<\/span>.<\/span>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>May<\/span>, <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>manage<\/span>ment <\/span>a<\/span>sked if <\/span>any of <\/span>its advertisers might <\/span>be <\/span>interested in <\/span>sponsor<\/span>ing<\/span> a <\/span>full <\/span>day of programming <\/span>once <\/span>each <\/span>week <\/span>on <\/span>KYW-<\/span>FM<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>They t<\/span>ho<\/span>ught <\/span>that <\/span>some <\/span>smaller <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>-based<\/span> <\/span>companies <\/span>with <\/span>more <\/span>limited <\/span>advertising <\/span>budgets <\/span>might jump at <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>chance<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>L<\/span>ike <\/span>its <\/span>AM <\/span>sister station<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>symbolized <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>growing <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>outlet <\/span>with <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>vital <\/span>l<\/span>istening <\/span>base<\/span>. <\/span>Its <\/span>officials argued that t<\/span>he big difference <\/span>between those two <\/span>outlets <\/span>was that <\/span>the <\/span>advertising costs on the <\/span>FM side <\/span>of the dial were <\/span>much less.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That<\/span> <\/span>would have meant <\/span>more <\/span>bang<\/span>s<\/span> for the buck<\/span> for shrewd <\/span>businesses <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>willingly <\/span>to <\/span>purchase <\/span>large amounts of <\/span>advertising<\/span> time <\/span>there<\/span>. <\/span>The idea <\/span>of buying <\/span>large <\/span>blocks of <\/span>advertising <\/span>time <\/span>on <\/span>its local <\/span>FM s<\/span>tation <\/span>m<\/span>ight have seemed <\/span>reasonable <\/span>on paper;<\/span> <\/span>unfortunately, <\/span>not a single <\/span>business <\/span>bought <\/span>into <\/span>it<\/span>. <\/span>However, t<\/span>hat did not stop <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>follow<\/span>ing<\/span> up on <\/span>other <\/span>leads<\/span> intended to bring in more revenue<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Throughout the late <\/span>1950s<\/span> and early 1960s<\/span>, <\/span>KY<\/span>W<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>habitually <\/span>set <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>community <\/span>on its ear. T<\/span>hrough <\/span>its <\/span>extremely <\/span>clever adve<\/span>r<\/span>t<\/span>i<\/span>sing<\/span>, <\/span>targeted <\/span>p<\/span>romotional <\/span>campaigns <\/span>and <\/span>strict <\/span>policy of <\/span>playing <\/span>more music <\/span>per <\/span>hour<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>this <\/span>emerging <\/span>powerhouse <\/span>had <\/span>all but <\/span>eliminated <\/span>its <\/span>c<\/span>hief <\/span>competitor<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>ERE<\/span>-1300 AM<\/span> from the <\/span>ratings race<\/span>. <\/span>It\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>special<\/span>ly-devised \u201c<\/span>formula <\/span>programming<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>spotlighted <\/span>its <\/span>many <\/span>\u201c<\/span>super <\/span>cool<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>DJs<\/span> and <\/span>catchy <\/span>jingles <\/span>caught <\/span>nearly <\/span>everyone<\/span> <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>business <\/span>off<\/span>–<\/span>guard<\/span>.<\/span>[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Its r<\/span>ivals found it <\/span>next to <\/span>impossible <\/span>to <\/span>compete <\/span>against KYW <\/span>al<\/span>though <\/span>WJW<\/span> <\/span>did <\/span>br<\/span>iefly <\/span>try to <\/span>challen<\/span>g<\/span>e <\/span>it <\/span>with <\/span>its own<\/span> <\/span>version of <\/span>Top 40<\/span> <\/span>radio<\/span>. <\/span>That kind of <\/span>cut throat competition <\/span>did <\/span>little to <\/span>galvanize <\/span>other <\/span>less competitive <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>such as <\/span>WDOK or W<\/span>GAR. <\/span>T<\/span>h<\/span>ey<\/span> <\/span>continued to <\/span>play <\/span>mid<\/span>dle-<\/span>of<\/span>–<\/span>the<\/span>–<\/span>road music<\/span> <\/span>aimed <\/span>primarily <\/span>towards <\/span>more <\/span>conservative<\/span> listen<\/span>ers<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>In May 1959<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>nationally-<\/span>acclaimed program<\/span> <\/span>called <\/span>\u201cTraffic Court\u201d found itsel<\/span>f <\/span>engaged in <\/span>its own <\/span>legal <\/span>fight for its life<\/span>.<\/span>[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Repeatedly<\/span> <\/span>attacked <\/span>by the Cleveland Bar Association<\/span> <\/span>along <\/span>ethical grounds<\/span>, <\/span>that show <\/span>now <\/span>face<\/span>d<\/span> its<\/span> <\/span>own <\/span>day <\/span>of <\/span>judgment<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>Parma<\/span> <\/span>M<\/span>unicipal <\/span>C<\/span>ourt.<\/span> Former Cleveland Mayor and U.S. Senator Thomas A. Burke <\/span>(1898-1971) <\/span>chairing the proceedings. J<\/span>udge <\/span>Burke <\/span>ruled that <\/span>\u201cTraffic Court\u201d <\/span>had <\/span>violat<\/span>ed <\/span>Municipal<\/span> <\/span>Canon <\/span># <\/span>35<\/span> <\/span>which pr<\/span>ohibited <\/span>news gathering <\/span>organizations and <\/span>services<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>such as <\/span>KYW<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>from interfering <\/span>in anyway <\/span>with court <\/span>proceedings. He ordered <\/span>the program <\/span>stop<\/span>ped<\/span> immediately<\/span>.<\/span>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That same month<\/span>, KYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>leading <\/span>daytime <\/span>celebrity <\/span>Joe Finan spoke <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>annual <\/span>International Radio Programming Seminar & Pop Music Disc Jockey convention<\/span> <\/span>held <\/span>in Miami Beach<\/span>. His talk focused <\/span>on \u201cWhat Is a Personality Today<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

At the same time, <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>President Don <\/span>McGannon <\/span>attacked <\/span>the <\/span>disparaging <\/span>remarks <\/span>recently <\/span>made <\/span>against <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting Company <\/span>by <\/span>NBC\u2019s Radio Executive VP Matthew J. Culligan (1919-2002)<\/span>.<\/span>[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Culligan had <\/span>claimed <\/span>that W<\/span>B<\/span>C <\/span>represented <\/span>little more than <\/span>a<\/span> group of <\/span>loosely-<\/span>affiliate<\/span>d<\/span>, undisciplined<\/span> <\/span>radio and television <\/span>stations. McGannon <\/span>roared back <\/span>by saying that <\/span>his <\/span>radio and television <\/span>outlet<\/span>s <\/span>did<\/span> <\/span>not <\/span>have to <\/span>follow <\/span>the <\/span>same <\/span>kind of <\/span>inflexible <\/span>rules and regulations<\/span> <\/span>imposed <\/span>by large <\/span>networks <\/span>like <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span>. <\/span>He concluded <\/span>by saying <\/span>that <\/span>individual Westinghouse <\/span>stations <\/span>exercise<\/span>d<\/span> full autonomy<\/span> when it c<\/span>ame <\/span>to <\/span>choosing <\/span>their <\/span>program<\/span>s<\/span>. That <\/span>meant<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>station <\/span>managers and not <\/span>big <\/span>city <\/span>wigs determined <\/span>the kind of <\/span>network <\/span>shows <\/span>that best suited <\/span>the<\/span>ir <\/span>listeners<\/span>.<\/span>[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> in its July \u2018<\/span>59 issue <\/span>addresses <\/span>a<\/span> perplexing <\/span>problem <\/span>that <\/span>continued to pester <\/span>the commercial radio industry<\/span>. <\/span>Were<\/span> <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>first and <\/span>foremost performers<\/span> or businessmen<\/span>?<\/span>[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Recent<\/span> <\/span>studies <\/span>indicated <\/span>that playing records and <\/span>engaging in <\/span>clever <\/span>banter<\/span> <\/span>with their <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>was only one <\/span>aspect <\/span>of the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>daily <\/span>job <\/span>responsibilities<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Both local and regional a<\/span>dvertisers <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>said <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>nimbleness <\/span>displayed by <\/span>radio\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>successful <\/span>jocks <\/span>especially <\/span>when it came to <\/span>peddl<\/span>ing <\/span>vast <\/span>quantities <\/span>of <\/span>merchandise <\/span>over the airways <\/span>had helped to <\/span>boost <\/span>weekly <\/span>sales<\/span> <\/span>figures<\/span> <\/span>enormously<\/span>.<\/span>[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Not only <\/span>did the<\/span>ir banter <\/span>s<\/span>ell <\/span>vast <\/span>amounts <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>item<\/span>s<\/span>; but <\/span>also, <\/span>convinc<\/span>ed <\/span>the<\/span>ir <\/span>listeners to purchase <\/span>th<\/span>ose same <\/span>goods<\/span> over and over again<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Joe Finan took <\/span>that <\/span>that job <\/span>responsibilit<\/span>y <\/span>a step further <\/span>to suggest <\/span>that <\/span>radio <\/span>celebrities <\/span>should <\/span>work closely with <\/span>local<\/span> <\/span>charit<\/span>ies <\/span>to <\/span>ensur<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>future <\/span>listen<\/span>er<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Increased <\/span>corporate <\/span>earnings <\/span>and <\/span>top ratings<\/span> <\/span>seemed to go <\/span>hand and hand <\/span>for <\/span>those <\/span>stations that did <\/span>the right thing<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Finan concluded <\/span>that <\/span>being <\/span>a respected community leader<\/span> would <\/span>become <\/span>even <\/span>more <\/span>important <\/span>for <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>in the <\/span>immediate <\/span>years ahead <\/span>as the wants of their <\/span>fan<\/span>s<\/span> change<\/span>d<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The second half of 19<\/span>59 <\/span>was <\/span>a <\/span>defining moment <\/span>for <\/span>both <\/span>KY<\/span>W<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> and <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse Broadcasting<\/span> Company<\/span>. <\/span>It began <\/span>that <\/span>July when <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>much <\/span>acclaimed <\/span>P<\/span>rogram Manager Mark Olds <\/span>resigned <\/span>to join <\/span>the <\/span>coveted <\/span>ranks of <\/span>one of th<\/span>is nation\u2019s <\/span>most respected independent<\/span> broadcaster<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>New York<\/span>\u2019s own<\/span> <\/span>WNEW<\/span>.<\/span>[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Bud <\/span>Wendell <\/span>assumed <\/span>his <\/span>role<\/span>. <\/span>That same summer<\/span>, the FCC<\/span> <\/span>established <\/span>an <\/span>October 1<\/span><\/span>st<\/span><\/span> d<\/span>eadline <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>Philco<\/span> <\/span>Corporation <\/span>t<\/span>o present its <\/span>closing <\/span>arguments <\/span>regarding <\/span>the <\/span>WRCV <\/span>license<\/span> renewal<\/span> case<\/span>. If <\/span>that company\u2019s <\/span>objectives <\/span>did indeed have <\/span>merit <\/span>then the <\/span>regulatory commission <\/span>might <\/span>well <\/span>r<\/span>econsider <\/span>reversing <\/span>its <\/span>earlier <\/span>stance on <\/span>the <\/span>\u201856 <\/span>NBC-WBC <\/span>trade<\/span>.<\/span>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>August,<\/span> <\/span>G<\/span>ordon Davis <\/span>left <\/span>KYW-Cleveland <\/span>for <\/span>a similar <\/span>position <\/span>at <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>new<\/span>est<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>outlet in <\/span>Chicago<\/span> WIND<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>WOWO\u2019s <\/span>Program Manager <\/span>Carl <\/span>Vandergrift<\/span> <\/span>(d. 1991)<\/span> <\/span>took<\/span> over<\/span> his <\/span>duties <\/span>with <\/span>Edward Wallis <\/span>replace<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>him<\/span> in Ft, Wayne. IN<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Prior to coming to Cleveland, <\/span>Wallis had <\/span>been t<\/span>he <\/span>Supervisor of <\/span>Sales and P<\/span>ublicity at WIP<\/span>–<\/span>Philadelphia<\/span>. He also <\/span>worked in <\/span>sales promotion<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>t<\/span>wo<\/span> other <\/span>leading <\/span>television <\/span>leaders<\/span> <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>WPTZ and KYW.<\/span>[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Increasingly<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>turned to <\/span>Radio-11 t<\/span>o <\/span>groom<\/span> <\/span>some <\/span>of its <\/span>brightest <\/span>stars<\/span> and that had included Gordon Davis<\/span>.<\/span>[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>media praised Davis for his <\/span>many years of <\/span>devoted <\/span>service<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0It was through his <\/span>diligent <\/span>efforts that <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>had <\/span>bec<\/span>o<\/span>me <\/span>the <\/span>success<\/span> story <\/span>so <\/span>envied by other<\/span>s in <\/span>the field<\/span>. Furthermore, <\/span>his <\/span>belief in <\/span>the future of <\/span>FM<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>led <\/span>him to invest <\/span>over <\/span>$150,000<\/span> <\/span>to expand <\/span>KYW-FM<\/span>. <\/span>Davis\u2019s <\/span>efforts <\/span>produced <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>highly <\/span>r<\/span>espected <\/span>classical <\/span>music station. <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>programmers <\/span>sincerely <\/span>hoped that <\/span>KYW-FM\u2019s <\/span>new, <\/span>handpicked<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>oordinator Leslie Biebi w<\/span>ould <\/span>continue<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>uphold <\/span>that <\/span>same <\/span>tradition<\/span> of excellence<\/span> <\/span>first <\/span>begun <\/span>by <\/span>Gordon <\/span>Davis<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span><\/span>Cleveland Plain<\/span> <\/span>Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>radio and television columnist George Condon <\/span>(1917-2011)<\/span> <\/span>let the cat out of the bag <\/span>in August 19<\/span>59 <\/span>when he <\/span>announced <\/span>that <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d w<\/span>ould be <\/span>cut <\/span>from two <\/span>hours to <\/span>one <\/span>and that its <\/span>new <\/span>host would <\/span>not be <\/span>Specs Howard.<\/span>[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>also<\/span> <\/span>wrote <\/span>that <\/span>Wes Hopkins would soon be replacing <\/span>Gloria Brown<\/span> and her <\/span>Mid-<\/span>Day <\/span>program<\/span>. A<\/span>lthough <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>officials had <\/span>thrown around <\/span>the possibility of creating a <\/span>new <\/span>women\u2019s <\/span>program <\/span>aimed at <\/span>showcas<\/span>ing <\/span>Brown<\/span>\u2019s many talents<\/span> <\/span>as a broadcaster <\/span>nothing came of it<\/span>. <\/span>Other <\/span>changes in the <\/span>KYW <\/span>lineup <\/span>that autumn <\/span>saw <\/span>Wally <\/span>King <\/span>reassigned to the <\/span>6 <\/span>to 10 p.m. <\/span>slot <\/span>w<\/span>hile <\/span>Dick Reynolds <\/span>re<\/span>sum<\/span>ed <\/span>his <\/span>late night <\/span>assignment<\/span>. <\/span>Specs Howard <\/span>play<\/span>ed<\/span> records<\/span> from 11 p.m. to Midnight<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>\u201cNew Horizons\u201d <\/span>service <\/span>offered guided <\/span>bus tours <\/span>to <\/span>some of <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s favorite <\/span>landmarks. <\/span>All <\/span>those <\/span>proceeds <\/span>from those <\/span>special <\/span>tours <\/span>w<\/span>ent towards <\/span>purchasing <\/span>historic <\/span>markers.<\/span><\/span>[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

On <\/span>the <\/span>positive <\/span>side<\/span> of the financial ledger<\/span>, <\/span>the sta<\/span>tion<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>gross sales <\/span>h<\/span>ad improved <\/span>slightly <\/span>over a year <\/span>earlier<\/span>. <\/span>Radio<\/span> advertising during <\/span>the<\/span> first six <\/span>months of \u2018<\/span>59 <\/span>was<\/span> <\/span>10% <\/span>higher than <\/span>the same period in \u2018<\/span>58<\/span> <\/span>while television <\/span>sales<\/span> <\/span>had grown by <\/span>6<\/span>.<\/span>3<\/span> %.<\/span>[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Over that <\/span>same <\/span>time <\/span>period, t<\/span>he number of <\/span>n<\/span>ew <\/span>advertising<\/span> <\/span>accounts<\/span> had <\/span>risen <\/span>by <\/span>18<\/span>.2<\/span>%<\/span>. WBC\u2019s national spot <\/span>TV <\/span>advertising for the first half <\/span>of 1959 <\/span>had increased by 14.1<\/span>%<\/span> w<\/span>ith <\/span>l<\/span>ocal billing<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>improv<\/span>ing <\/span>by <\/span>1<\/span>9<\/span>.1<\/span>%<\/span>.<\/span> Radio sales were <\/span>also <\/span>at a<\/span> <\/span>n<\/span>ew<\/span> <\/span>all-time<\/span> high. The<\/span>y saw <\/span>a 3.4% increase <\/span>that <\/span>June over the <\/span>previous<\/span> <\/span>month\u2019s <\/span>high<\/span> <\/span>level<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>That August<\/span>,<\/span> K<\/span>YW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> a<\/span>long with <\/span>WERE<\/span>-R<\/span>adio <\/span>strongly <\/span>recommended that <\/span>C<\/span>leveland <\/span>voters approve t<\/span>he<\/span> proposed <\/span>Cuyahoga County Charter<\/span> reform<\/span> <\/span>bill<\/span>.<\/span>[22]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Rumors <\/span>had <\/span>beg<\/span>u<\/span>n <\/span>circulat<\/span>ing <\/span>that <\/span>same month <\/span>that a possible settlement <\/span>was <\/span>pending <\/span>that would <\/span>bring to an <\/span>end <\/span>th<\/span>e recent <\/span>con<\/span>troversy <\/span>over <\/span>the <\/span>\u201956 <\/span>NBC-WBC <\/span>swap<\/span>. Supposedly, <\/span>NBC\u2019s legal counsel <\/span>l<\/span>ed by <\/span>a sharp l<\/span>egal mind <\/span>Bernard Segal <\/span>had been <\/span>working <\/span>closely <\/span>with the U.S. Antitrust Division <\/span>to reach <\/span>some kind<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>workable <\/span>compromise<\/span>.<\/span>[23]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>September<\/span> 1959 issue of <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>featur<\/span>ed a <\/span>highly <\/span>inflammatory <\/span>article<\/span> tha<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>lambasted <\/span>the <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span>–<\/span>industry\u2019s <\/span>blas\u00e9 <\/span>attitude <\/span>when it came to <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>a wide s<\/span>election <\/span>of <\/span>th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>latest <\/span>released <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[24]<\/sup><\/a> <\/span>Experts in the <\/span>field <\/span>l<\/span>ed by <\/span>Mitch Miller of Columbia Records, Joe <\/span>Re<\/span>i<\/span>sman<\/span> of Roulette Records, Charles Green of RCA-Victor Records and Henry Meyerson of Decca Records <\/span>argued <\/span>that many <\/span>AM stations <\/span>were <\/span>mistakenly <\/span>catering <\/span>to a <\/span>small<\/span> <\/span>group <\/span>of <\/span>highly <\/span>vocal <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>. In <\/span>pursuing <\/span>that <\/span>strategy<\/span>, they <\/span>were <\/span>essen<\/span>tially <\/span>ignor<\/span>ing <\/span>a much larger, <\/span>perhaps <\/span>less <\/span>o<\/span>rganized <\/span>group <\/span>of <\/span>equally <\/span>loyal <\/span>fans<\/span>. <\/span>Th<\/span>ose <\/span>record <\/span>executives <\/span>then proceeded to <\/span>point out that <\/span>$.<\/span>80<\/span> <\/span>of every <\/span>dollar <\/span>spent <\/span>on <\/span>new <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s <\/span>went <\/span>to<\/span>wards<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>purchasing <\/span>of <\/span>albums<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>not <\/span>45s<\/span>.<\/span>[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>If that was <\/span>true<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>h<\/span>en<\/span> <\/span>why d<\/span>id<\/span> <\/span>so <\/span>many <\/span>commercial <\/span>AM stations <\/span>play more and more <\/span>Top 40 hits<\/span> <\/span>rather than <\/span>the many <\/span>other popular <\/span>recordings<\/span> <\/span>currently <\/span>available<\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>Putting aside <\/span>for<\/span> just a moment the never ending complaints of <\/span>increasing corporate <\/span>expenses <\/span>and mounting competition<\/span> t<\/span>he answer <\/span>to that <\/span>baffling <\/span>question was <\/span>analogous <\/span>to the g<\/span>rowing <\/span>number<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>noisy <\/span>t<\/span>een<\/span>s and their <\/span>very <\/span>narrowly focused <\/span>buying <\/span>habits<\/span>. <\/span>Although t<\/span>hey <\/span>rarely<\/span> <\/span>purchased <\/span>higher priced <\/span>albums<\/span>,<\/span> preferring <\/span>instead <\/span>to <\/span>buy <\/span>cheap <\/span>45s<\/span>, <\/span>teenagers<\/span> <\/span>in the late \u201850s <\/span>were<\/span> anything but <\/span>shy <\/span>when it came to <\/span>demanding that <\/span>their favorite stations play <\/span>more <\/span>and more <\/span>rock and roll music<\/span> <\/span>often <\/span>at the <\/span>expense <\/span>of <\/span>other <\/span>popular <\/span>songs<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span>h<\/span>at insistent <\/span>for more <\/span>and more <\/span>rock and roll music <\/span>should not <\/span>have <\/span>negated <\/span>the <\/span>responsibilit<\/span>ies <\/span>of local radio outlets <\/span>to<\/span> equally <\/span>serve <\/span>the <\/span>growing <\/span>needs <\/span>of <\/span>their <\/span>more even tempered<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>often <\/span>well-<\/span>heeled <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>.<\/span> Th<\/span>ose <\/span>record executives <\/span>made it <\/span>abundantly <\/span>clear <\/span>that young adults<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>not teens<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>tru<\/span>ly represented <\/span>the bread and butter of <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>record industry and <\/span>that commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>should <\/span>have <\/span>more <\/span>ardently <\/span>support<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>h<\/span>eir <\/span>demands <\/span>to hear <\/span>\u201cbetter quality\u201d music<\/span> played over th<\/span>os<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>same <\/span>st<\/span>a<\/span>tions<\/span>.<\/span>[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Tho<\/span>se <\/span>critics<\/span> of <\/span>rock<\/span> and roll <\/span>music <\/span>went <\/span>a step <\/span>further <\/span>to <\/span>suggest <\/span>that <\/span>local <\/span>broadcaster<\/span>s <\/span>should look <\/span>beyond <\/span>the hype <\/span>currently <\/span>being <\/span>spread <\/span>around <\/span>by <\/span>Top 40<\/span> station<\/span>s <\/span>to <\/span>find out <\/span>what <\/span>wa<\/span>s <\/span>really <\/span>going on<\/span> <\/span>in the world<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span>y claimed that <\/span>if <\/span>imaginative programming<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>once <\/span>the <\/span>bloodline <\/span>of <\/span>U.S. <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span>,<\/span> had <\/span>been <\/span>allowed <\/span>t<\/span>o grow<\/span> <\/span>naturally<\/span> <\/span>over the years, <\/span>without <\/span>having to cope with the <\/span>pressures <\/span>exerted<\/span> <\/span>on it <\/span>from <\/span>the <\/span>tenacious <\/span>rock and roll music <\/span>industry, <\/span>it <\/span>mi<\/span>ght <\/span>have <\/span>meaningfully <\/span>lessened <\/span>the <\/span>total <\/span>impact of <\/span>today\u2019s <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>radio<\/span>. If<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in fact, <\/span>steps had been taken<\/span> <\/span>by leading record companies <\/span>to nip <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>in the bud<\/span> <\/span>then <\/span>most <\/span>commercial <\/span>stations<\/span> <\/span>would have <\/span>been <\/span>play<\/span>ing <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>much <\/span>broader <\/span>range of <\/span>popular <\/span>music<\/span> than they <\/span>presently <\/span>do<\/span>. <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>would <\/span>have <\/span>created <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>class <\/span>of discerning <\/span>radio <\/span>listen<\/span>er<\/span>s,<\/span> <\/span>people <\/span>who <\/span>really <\/span>valued <\/span>h<\/span>igh quality<\/span> <\/span>music<\/span> <\/span>over the <\/span>tedious <\/span>sounds <\/span>of <\/span>late \u201850s <\/span>rock and roll<\/span>.<\/span>[27]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As everyone knew<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>ecently developed <\/span>multi-track <\/span>recordings of <\/span>some of the best <\/span>popular <\/span>music <\/span>of the day <\/span>were<\/span> <\/span>designed <\/span>specifically <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>fine crafted<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>sound <\/span>systems.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Many <\/span>advocates<\/span> of rock and roll music <\/span>believed <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>sudden <\/span>opening<\/span> of<\/span> the flood gates to a wide variety of music <\/span>choices <\/span>was <\/span>inappropriate<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>It didn\u2019t make <\/span>a great deal of <\/span>sense<\/span> to them<\/span>. <\/span>Supporter of <\/span>rock<\/span> and roll further <\/span>claimed that <\/span>local <\/span>radio stations <\/span>that <\/span>preferred <\/span>to play <\/span>a wide<\/span>r<\/span> assortment <\/span>of popular <\/span>music<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>ould <\/span>soon <\/span>discover <\/span>that <\/span>their profitable <\/span>advertisers<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>le<\/span>aving them <\/span>in droves <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>more <\/span>exciting <\/span>Top 40 broadcasters<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span> executives <\/span>interviewed<\/span> in this article said that the <\/span>exact <\/span>opposite w<\/span>as <\/span>true. <\/span>Those <\/span>AM <\/span>outlets <\/span>play<\/span>ing<\/span> a<\/span> variety <\/span>of <\/span>top quality <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s <\/span>w<\/span>ere <\/span>experienc<\/span>ing <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>surge <\/span>in <\/span>new <\/span>advertising<\/span> <\/span>opportunities <\/span>while those that didn\u2019t <\/span>ascribe to it were <\/span>los<\/span>ing <\/span>out<\/span>. Th<\/span>ey <\/span>concluded that <\/span>the <\/span>r<\/span>un-of-the-mill <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music <\/span>currently <\/span>being broadcasted <\/span>on <\/span>many <\/span>radio outlets <\/span>nationwide <\/span>failed to <\/span>meet <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>rising <\/span>expectations <\/span>of <\/span>their <\/span>more sophisticated <\/span>audience<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>former <\/span>GM<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>WBZ-TV<\/span> Franklin A. Tooke<\/span> became <\/span>the <\/span>latest <\/span>KYW<\/span> VP<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Before <\/span>settling in <\/span>Boston, <\/span>Tooke <\/span>had served as <\/span>the <\/span>GM <\/span>at WOWO<\/span>-Ft. Wayne<\/span>, <\/span>KDKA<\/span>-Pittsburgh<\/span> a<\/span>nd <\/span>KYW-Philadelphia.<\/span>[28]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>A recent consent decree filed by the D<\/span>O<\/span>J<\/span> demanded that NBC s<\/span>ell its Phil<\/span>ly <\/span>station <\/span>before <\/span>December <\/span>31, <\/span>19<\/span>62. Although <\/span>the <\/span>National Broadcasting Company <\/span>agreed<\/span> to <\/span>compl<\/span>y <\/span>with <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>federal <\/span>demand<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting Company\u2019s <\/span>B<\/span>oard <\/span>of Directors <\/span>remained <\/span>un<\/span>certain <\/span>as to <\/span>how <\/span>that decision <\/span>might <\/span>affect <\/span>the future of <\/span>its <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> outlet<\/span>.<\/span>[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> The <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>u<\/span>stice<\/span> <\/span>further s<\/span>tated <\/span>that <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span>\u2019s actions <\/span>direct<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>violat<\/span>ed <\/span>the Sherman Antitrust Act<\/span> of 1890<\/span>. <\/span>It concluded <\/span>that <\/span>NBC\u2019s recent <\/span>activities <\/span>had <\/span>indeed <\/span>weakened <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>c<\/span>a<\/span>pabilities <\/span>to compete <\/span>efficiently <\/span>in the <\/span>growing <\/span>Philadelphia <\/span>market <\/span>place<\/span>. This was<\/span> <\/span>true <\/span>especially <\/span>when it came to <\/span>selling <\/span>high <\/span>volumes of its <\/span>most <\/span>tech<\/span>nically-advanced products<\/span>. <\/span>Apparently, <\/span>NBC <\/span>strategists <\/span>fully intended to <\/span>eliminat<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>as a <\/span>major <\/span>local <\/span>competitor<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

At <\/span>a <\/span>September <\/span>19<\/span>59 <\/span>banquet <\/span>that <\/span>climax<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a three-day <\/span>p<\/span>ublic <\/span>s<\/span>ervice <\/span>conference <\/span>Don <\/span>McGannon announced th<\/span>e <\/span>upcoming <\/span>d<\/span>istribut<\/span>i<\/span>on of <\/span>free <\/span>spot advert<\/span>i<\/span>sements <\/span>dedicated to <\/span>education<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0As he explained it<\/span>,<\/span> those ads <\/span>stress<\/span>ed the <\/span>many <\/span>problems <\/span>presently <\/span>facing education <\/span>in <\/span>general<\/span> and highe<\/span>r<\/span> education <\/span>in <\/span>particular<\/span>. <\/span>This event successfully <\/span>brought together <\/span>some of <\/span>t<\/span>h<\/span>is nation\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>most talented <\/span>educat<\/span>ors<\/span>.<\/span>[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Heated <\/span>discussi<\/span>ons <\/span>continued <\/span>industry<\/span>-wide<\/span> <\/span>regarding <\/span>the <\/span>consequences <\/span>that might unfold <\/span>from <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>DOJ <\/span>consent <\/span>decree. <\/span>One <\/span>of its <\/span>provisions<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>flatly rejected by <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> officials<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>stated <\/span>that <\/span>it <\/span>could no longer <\/span>exchang<\/span>e <\/span>or <\/span>purchas<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>another<\/span> <\/span>radio and television <\/span>outlet<\/span> without <\/span>first <\/span>gett<\/span>ing <\/span>the <\/span>permission<\/span> <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Department<\/span>.<\/span>[31]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>NBC a<\/span>ttorneys claimed that <\/span>such a restriction w<\/span>ould not be <\/span>binding<\/span> in the court<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Also, <\/span>th<\/span>e National Broadcasting Company <\/span>could no<\/span> longer <\/span>apply <\/span>any <\/span>un<\/span>due <\/span>pressure <\/span>on <\/span>another <\/span>broadcaster <\/span>when <\/span>it came <\/span>to <\/span>either <\/span>acquir<\/span>ing <\/span>or trading <\/span>s<\/span>tations<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>NBC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>legal<\/span> counsel <\/span>made it clear that it <\/span>had <\/span>only <\/span>a<\/span>greed to the <\/span>DOJ\u2019s <\/span>consent <\/span>decree<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>ecause <\/span>it <\/span>permitted <\/span>it<\/span>s parent company <\/span>the <\/span>R<\/span>adio <\/span>C<\/span>orporation of <\/span>A<\/span>merica<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>o retain <\/span>all <\/span>of <\/span>its <\/span>present <\/span>licenses. <\/span>Besides f<\/span>ighting <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Department <\/span>might <\/span>result in <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>network <\/span>losing <\/span>a great deal more than <\/span>just <\/span>a single <\/span>company-owned <\/span>station<\/span>.<\/span> Also, there was a<\/span> <\/span>distinct possibility that <\/span>the <\/span>consent <\/span>decree <\/span>might <\/span>be <\/span>overturned <\/span>by <\/span>the federal <\/span>court <\/span>and especially <\/span>if <\/span>serious <\/span>legal <\/span>conflicts <\/span>were to <\/span>suddenly <\/span>flare up <\/span>between the D<\/span>OJ <\/span>and <\/span>FCC<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>As you might <\/span>have <\/span>expect<\/span>ed<\/span>, i<\/span>t also <\/span>prohibited <\/span>NBC <\/span>from <\/span>securing <\/span>an<\/span>other <\/span>Philly <\/span>television <\/span>station<\/span>.<\/span>[32]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Finally,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>consent <\/span>decree <\/span>prevented <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>from rep<\/span>resenting <\/span>other <\/span>of its <\/span>affiliate<\/span>s<\/span> through <\/span>its <\/span>Spot Sales<\/span> Service<\/span>. <\/span>Of course, a<\/span>ll <\/span>of th<\/span>e provisions<\/span> <\/span>spelled out <\/span>so carefully <\/span>in <\/span>this <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>consent decree<\/span> might <\/span>be <\/span>thrown out <\/span>by <\/span>subsequent <\/span>federal <\/span>appeal<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>But first<\/span>,<\/span> NBC<\/span>\u2019s shrewd legal staff<\/span> would have to prove that <\/span>the network <\/span>had <\/span>not <\/span>deliberately <\/span>threat<\/span>ened <\/span>other<\/span> <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>that <\/span>had <\/span>rejected <\/span>similar <\/span>station exchange<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>due to <\/span>its <\/span>rigid<\/span>ly enforced<\/span> <\/span>requirements<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>DOJ further <\/span>reserved the<\/span> <\/span>legal <\/span>right to examine <\/span>any<\/span> <\/span>records <\/span>belonging to <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>when<\/span>ever <\/span>warranted<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>consent <\/span>decree <\/span>was <\/span>scheduled <\/span>to run <\/span>for <\/span>nine year<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>beginning <\/span>on <\/span>the da<\/span>y <\/span>that <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> <\/span>di<\/span>vested <\/span>itself <\/span>of <\/span>its <\/span>current <\/span>Phil<\/span>adelphia <\/span>station<\/span>.<\/span>[33]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

With the <\/span>hope of <\/span>dramatically <\/span>expanding its <\/span>local <\/span>listening <\/span>audience<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>WHK-Radio <\/span>picket<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>one of <\/span>Big Wilson\u2019s remote <\/span>broadcasts<\/span> that autumn<\/span>. <\/span>P<\/span>icketers <\/span>said \u201cthe new \u2018<\/span>HK is unfair to other stations because it sounds so good.\u201d <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>retaliated <\/span>with signs <\/span>saying <\/span>that <\/span>\u201cKYW welcomes Cleveland\u2019s number two station. Glad you<\/span> we<\/span>re <\/span>listening to KYW.\u201d<\/span>[34]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>In October \u2018<\/span>59, the Cleveland Police Department <\/span>participat<\/span>ed <\/span>in <\/span>a<\/span>n <\/span>exciting<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>promotion sponsored by <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>. <\/span>H<\/span>o<\/span>ping to lessen <\/span>the anxiety of commuters, a new two way hookup between a police helicopter and that broadcaster began reporting traffic congestion during peak hours.[35]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0The station sponsored an Election Day phone bank that was staffed by the Cuyahoga County League of Women Voters. Those volunteers furnished callers with important information they needed to know before voting.[36]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0That autumn, KYW\u2019s respected Editorial Research Supervisor Neil (Mickey) Flanagan was promoted to become KYW\u2019s latest Radio News Supervisor while its Television Producer Bart Clausen took over Flanagan\u2019s former duties.[37]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

W<\/span>BC <\/span>also <\/span>introduced a <\/span>whole <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>concept in <\/span>marketing de<\/span>signed <\/span>to assist discerning <\/span>spot <\/span>advertisers <\/span>who wanted <\/span>to tap into <\/span>the many <\/span>growing <\/span>suburb<\/span>an market<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>ASAP<\/span>. <\/span>Called \u201c<\/span>Megatowns,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>fifteen <\/span>available <\/span>urban <\/span>areas <\/span>represent<\/span>ed a<\/span>pproximately <\/span>50% of <\/span>this nation\u2019s <\/span>biggest <\/span>cities<\/span>.<\/span>[38]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> Using <\/span>Pittsburgh <\/span>as <\/span>its <\/span>prime <\/span>example, <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> promoters <\/span>pointed out <\/span>that <\/span>one <\/span>of their <\/span>inexpensive <\/span>radio or television <\/span>ad <\/span>could <\/span>reach <\/span>more <\/span>potential buyers <\/span>than <\/span>th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>area<\/span>\u2019s fifty <\/span>newspaper<\/span>s <\/span>combined<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That <\/span>marketing<\/span> ploy <\/span>proved <\/span>quite <\/span>successful<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>In the <\/span>late 19<\/span>50s and <\/span>early 19<\/span>60s, <\/span>insightful <\/span>radio stations <\/span>in <\/span>growing urban <\/span>settings<\/span> like <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>constantly <\/span>br<\/span>oke <\/span>all <\/span>previous<\/span> <\/span>sales<\/span> records<\/span>,<\/span> and <\/span>why <\/span>not<\/span>?<\/span> Like so many other <\/span>popular <\/span>outlets<\/span> of the day<\/span>, KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>not only <\/span>sponsored <\/span>exciting <\/span>local <\/span>events<\/span> and <\/span>hosted <\/span>numerous <\/span>guest appearances<\/span> by <\/span>their <\/span>popular <\/span>jocks<\/span>; but also, <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>presented <\/span>electrifying <\/span>publicity campaigns<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Al<\/span>l<\/span> <\/span>those <\/span>highly <\/span>energetic <\/span>daily <\/span>activit<\/span>ies <\/span>not only <\/span>kep<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>KY-<\/span>11 <\/span>in the <\/span>spot<\/span>light<\/span>; but also, <\/span>enabled it to <\/span>diligently <\/span>sell <\/span>large<\/span> <\/span>blocks of <\/span>spot <\/span>advertising<\/span> daily<\/span>. <\/span>In <\/span>fact<\/span>, m<\/span>any <\/span>companies <\/span>relied <\/span>time and time again <\/span>on <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>insightful <\/span>p<\/span>romoters <\/span>t<\/span>o <\/span>assist <\/span>them <\/span>in <\/span>attaining their monthly sales quotas<\/span>. <\/span>As the <\/span>unabashed <\/span>promos of the day said <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Give KYW the chance and it will deliver<\/span>!<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Such was the case w<\/span>hen <\/span>a discerning local <\/span>car dealer <\/span>named <\/span>Del Spitzer<\/span> (1933-2019)<\/span> <\/span>first <\/span>approached <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> promot<\/span>ion\u2019s team <\/span>for help <\/span>in <\/span>the autumn of <\/span>19<\/span>56<\/span>.<\/span>[39]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Working t<\/span>ogether<\/span>,<\/span> they <\/span>came up with <\/span>a<\/span> very <\/span>effective<\/span> <\/span>marketing <\/span>strategy <\/span>that <\/span>certainly <\/span>stimulate<\/span>d<\/span> new<\/span> car sales<\/span> for Spitzer\u2019s<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>It was <\/span>called<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>\u201cBattle o<\/span>f the Dealerships.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Begun <\/span>in 1957<\/span>, it <\/span>pitted <\/span>Joe Finan <\/span>against <\/span>Wes Hopkins <\/span>in a <\/span>head\u2013to-head <\/span>co<\/span>mpetition<\/span> to sell the <\/span>greatest number of <\/span>new <\/span>cars<\/span>.<\/span>[40]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Finan <\/span>represented Spitzer Ford <\/span>and <\/span>Hopkins Spitzer Dodge-Plymouth. Each <\/span>DJ <\/span>ran <\/span>remote <\/span>broadcast<\/span>s <\/span>from <\/span>his respected <\/span>agency<\/span>. <\/span>Bottom line, t<\/span>heir <\/span>constant <\/span>chatter <\/span>brought <\/span>enormous <\/span>attention to <\/span>both <\/span>dealerships. In <\/span>the end, Finan<\/span> won <\/span>the contest<\/span> and was <\/span>reward<\/span>ed<\/span> w<\/span>ith <\/span>a<\/span> $900 trip to Acapulco, M<\/span>exico<\/span>.<\/span>[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Del <\/span>Spitzer was <\/span>indeed <\/span>a <\/span>happy<\/span> man<\/span>. <\/span>S<\/span>ales at S<\/span>pitzer Ford<\/span> <\/span>in July 19<\/span>59 increased by more than 30% over <\/span>\u201958 <\/span>figures<\/span> <\/span>while Spitzer Dodge-Plymouth <\/span>posted <\/span>20% <\/span>sales gains<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Zany <\/span>advertising<\/span> stunts<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>like that<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>apparently <\/span>pa<\/span>id<\/span> off<\/span> well<\/span> <\/span>especially <\/span>for <\/span>businesses that <\/span>depended<\/span> on <\/span>high <\/span>sales <\/span>volume such as Sp<\/span>i<\/span>tzer<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>From that point forward, <\/span>Del Spitzer <\/span>ran <\/span>an average of <\/span>fifty <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>seventy <\/span>radio <\/span>spot<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>a week<\/span> on <\/span>his <\/span>favorite <\/span>radio <\/span>station<\/span> KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span>.<\/span>[42]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Job <\/span>advancements<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>a regular <\/span>thing <\/span>at <\/span>KY-11<\/span>. One of the biggest <\/span>announcement<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>in that regards <\/span>occurred <\/span>that <\/span>November when <\/span>Gil Faggen, <\/span>t<\/span>he <\/span>former<\/span> <\/span>Director and P<\/span>roducer of <\/span>\u201cProgram PM<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>became <\/span>that station\u2019s latest <\/span>Music Policy, Special Programming and Spot Sales Development<\/span> Director<\/span>.<\/span>[43]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Responding<\/span> <\/span>to audience<\/span> request<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>more cult<\/span>u<\/span>ral programs led <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>to begin <\/span>to <\/span>read <\/span>poems <\/span>on-air<\/span>.<\/span>[44]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On the AM side, <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>latest promotion<\/span> <\/span>\u201cKYW the Station with the <\/span>Million<\/span> Dollar Sound\u201d <\/span>unquestionably <\/span>appeal<\/span>ed<\/span> to <\/span>its <\/span>listener<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>greedier<\/span> <\/span>side<\/span>. Developed by Janet <\/span>K. <\/span>Byers, <\/span>this <\/span>off-beat <\/span>contest <\/span>featured <\/span>a $100,000 life insurance policy<\/span> and <\/span>seven days of luxury living<\/span> for <\/span>its <\/span>lucky winners<\/span>.<\/span>[45]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>D<\/span>isc jockeys <\/span>chauffeured <\/span>around <\/span>in fancy <\/span>limousines g<\/span>a<\/span>ve <\/span>passer <\/span>byes<\/span> <\/span>100,000 <\/span>in <\/span>fake <\/span>million<\/span> dollar checks<\/span>.<\/span> A<\/span>nother<\/span> <\/span>campaign <\/span>enabled two winners to <\/span>either <\/span>walk through a bank fondling <\/span>$1 <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>in cash <\/span>or <\/span>live <\/span>like <\/span>million<\/span>aire<\/span>s<\/span> for <\/span>a <\/span>week.<\/span> <\/span>Growing complaints against its new one-hour format<\/span>, <\/span>led <\/span>KYW <\/span>to restore <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>to its <\/span>two hour <\/span>slot<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>year\u2019s end<\/span>.<\/span>[46]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>The new<\/span> two hour <\/span>format <\/span>began with <\/span>Carl Stern answer<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>phone <\/span>calls <\/span>while <\/span>Pat Patterson <\/span>talked <\/span>sports<\/span>. That was<\/span> <\/span>followed by <\/span>Stern, Big Wilson and Tom Manning<\/span> <\/span>talking about <\/span>the <\/span>day\u2019s <\/span>event<\/span>s.<\/span>[47]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>Wilson and Manning <\/span>may have been <\/span>well-known <\/span>celebrities <\/span>but <\/span>Carl <\/span>Stern<\/span> was not<\/span>. <\/span>A top<\/span>-rated <\/span>announcer <\/span>with a commanding <\/span>presence<\/span>, <\/span>h<\/span>e soon gained a <\/span>substantial<\/span> following <\/span>at KYW<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In 1967, <\/span>Carl Stern <\/span>left <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>for <\/span>NBC<\/span>-N<\/span>ews<\/span>. He remained there for <\/span>many <\/span>years<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>dark<\/span>er<\/span> side of <\/span>the <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music <\/span>business <\/span>began <\/span>to <\/span>unfold in <\/span>late 19<\/span>59. <\/span>It <\/span>shock<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>both <\/span>the radio-industry <\/span>and its <\/span>many <\/span>followe<\/span>rs<\/span>. <\/span>Regrettably, <\/span>KYW was <\/span>one <\/span>of <\/span>a number of <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>station<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>caught in <\/span>its <\/span>web of <\/span>lies and <\/span>deceit<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Surprisingly<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the public <\/span>was <\/span>pretty much <\/span>unaware <\/span>of <\/span>what was <\/span>going on <\/span>until <\/span>after Thanksgiving<\/span>. In fact, <\/span>the month of <\/span>December<\/span> <\/span>began <\/span>quite <\/span>normal<\/span>ly <\/span>at KYW-Radio <\/span>with <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>many <\/span>listeners <\/span>enjoying <\/span>the traditional <\/span>lighting of the <\/span>en<\/span>o<\/span>rmous <\/span>Christmas tree <\/span>at <\/span>Sterling, Lindner Davis<\/span> Department Store<\/span> downtown<\/span>. Joe Finan, Wes Hopkins, Wally King, Big Wilson and Gloria Brown <\/span>participated in the festivities<\/span>.<\/span>[48]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> However, the <\/span>season\u2019s <\/span>cheerful <\/span>mood <\/span>rapidly <\/span>s<\/span>o<\/span>ured <\/span>when <\/span>on December 4<\/span>, 1959<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>announced the <\/span>f<\/span>ir<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>Joe Finan and Wes Hopkins <\/span>tw<\/span>o<\/span> of <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>popular<\/span> jocks<\/span>.<\/span>[49]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Radio\u00a0<\/span>officials <\/span>claimed <\/span>th<\/span>at their <\/span>firing<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>result<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>f<\/span>rom <\/span>their failure<\/span> to <\/span>follow <\/span>company <\/span>guidelines<\/span> <\/span>regarding <\/span>the <\/span>accept<\/span>ing <\/span>of <\/span>favors, gifts or money from <\/span>various <\/span>record companies <\/span>and <\/span>distributors<\/span>.<\/span> I<\/span>t <\/span>was <\/span>\u201c<\/span>payola.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As mentioned earlier, many record companies and distributors <\/span>in the <\/span>mid to late <\/span>\u201850s <\/span>had <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>showered <\/span>select DJs with <\/span>all kinds of <\/span>special incentives <\/span>if they agreed to <\/span>play certain of their 45s <\/span>repeatedly<\/span> over others<\/span>.<\/span>[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>The feds did not <\/span>ban <\/span>this <\/span>practice <\/span>a<\/span>s long as those <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>did two <\/span>import<\/span>a<\/span>nt <\/span>things<\/span> upfront<\/span>. First, they had to <\/span>report and then <\/span>pa<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>Uncle Sam any <\/span>back <\/span>taxes <\/span>owed<\/span> from recei<\/span>vi<\/span>ng such <\/span>gifts<\/span>. Second, th<\/span>ose <\/span>same <\/span>jocks <\/span>had to tell their <\/span>fans that they were being paid <\/span>by outside<\/span>r<\/span> group<\/span>s <\/span>to play c<\/span>ertain<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span>ing<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>at specific times<\/span> and that those records were not <\/span>currently <\/span>on <\/span>their <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>playlist<\/span>. <\/span>Easy <\/span>enough to d<\/span>o; <\/span>yet, <\/span>few <\/span>of them <\/span>c<\/span>omplied<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In <\/span>both <\/span>Finan and Hopkins case<\/span>s<\/span>, t<\/span>heir <\/span>attorney <\/span>H. Donald Zimmermann <\/span>said <\/span>that <\/span>the<\/span>ir dismissals were<\/span> <\/span>uncalled<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>and that KYW <\/span>officials <\/span>should have <\/span>taken <\/span>suitable <\/span>steps to <\/span>protect<\/span> <\/span>them<\/span> <\/span>from the<\/span> <\/span>onset<\/span>.<\/span>[51]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> He <\/span>further <\/span>argu<\/span>ed that <\/span>since <\/span>that outlet <\/span>had no <\/span>formal <\/span>policy <\/span>regarding <\/span>payola <\/span>then <\/span>th<\/span>ey <\/span>should not <\/span>have been punished <\/span>for <\/span>participating<\/span> in <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Apparently<\/span>, the WBC <\/span>board <\/span>had <\/span>d<\/span>iscussed <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>idea <\/span>of <\/span>establishing <\/span>a <\/span>formal <\/span>policy<\/span> <\/span>pertaining <\/span>to <\/span>payola<\/span>; however, it <\/span>had not taken any <\/span>formal action <\/span>on it<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Whatever personal <\/span>feelings one might have <\/span>had <\/span>regarding <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> firing <\/span>really <\/span>did<\/span>n\u2019t <\/span>matter much to <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>higher ups.<\/span> <\/span>They <\/span>spen<\/span>t very little <\/span>time <\/span>deliberating <\/span>their <\/span>fate. <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Finan and Hopkins <\/span>did <\/span>the crime they must <\/span>pay the <\/span>price<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> What most concerned <\/span>the <\/span>B<\/span>oard <\/span>of Directors <\/span>w<\/span>as how <\/span>best <\/span>to <\/span>minimize the <\/span>long-term<\/span> <\/span>damage<\/span> <\/span>created <\/span>by <\/span>their latest actions<\/span>.<\/span>[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>All <\/span>agreed <\/span>that f<\/span>iring them <\/span>was <\/span>the <\/span>quickest and <\/span>simplest solution<\/span>.<\/span> It would <\/span>definitely <\/span>send out a clear<\/span> <\/span>message<\/span> to others<\/span> who might want to engage in similar activities in the future<\/span>. In less than a<\/span> <\/span>blink<\/span> of <\/span>an eye<\/span>, <\/span>Specs Howard replac<\/span>ed<\/span> Joe Finan <\/span>as <\/span>Channel 3 <\/span>weather<\/span>man<\/span> while Wally King <\/span>shouldered <\/span>Finan\u2019s <\/span>very <\/span>popular <\/span>afternoon <\/span>gig<\/span>. <\/span>Specs <\/span>Howard also <\/span>took over <\/span>Wes <\/span>Hopkins<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>show<\/span>.<\/span>[53]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span>he <\/span>widening <\/span>federal <\/span>probe into payola <\/span>activities <\/span>resulted in <\/span>the <\/span>p<\/span>rosecution of <\/span>roughly <\/span>twenty <\/span>DJs<\/span>. That i<\/span>nclud<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>several <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>jocks <\/span>work<\/span>ing <\/span>at <\/span>WBZ<\/span>–<\/span>Boston <\/span>a<\/span>s well as a host of <\/span>national <\/span>record companies and <\/span>regional <\/span>distributors.<\/span> <\/span>Both <\/span>Finan and Hopkins <\/span>wasted little time before <\/span>launch<\/span>ing <\/span>breach of contract suits<\/span> against <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> Broadcasting Company<\/span>.<\/span>[54]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Again, t<\/span>heir lawyer<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>hoped that <\/span>WBC would <\/span>reinstat<\/span>e <\/span>them<\/span> ASAP<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Both <\/span>jocks <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>claimed <\/span>they <\/span>had <\/span>done nothing wrong. They were <\/span>paid <\/span>consultants<\/span> who <\/span>were asked <\/span>by reputable recording companies and distributors <\/span>to pick <\/span>out <\/span>potential<\/span>ly profitable <\/span>45s<\/span> from their extensive <\/span>record <\/span>collections<\/span>.<\/span>[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Their <\/span>keen <\/span>business <\/span>instincts <\/span>in those matters <\/span>had <\/span>proved <\/span>invaluable to the record industry <\/span>in the past why couldn\u2019t they do the same thing <\/span>now<\/span> and in the <\/span>foreseeable <\/span>future<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

Nineteen Fifty-Nine <\/span>concluded with <\/span>1100 AM <\/span>proudly <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing <\/span>its<\/span> one hour<\/span> <\/span>review of <\/span>that year\u2019s <\/span>top <\/span>events<\/span>.<\/span>[56]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>\u2018<\/span>60s <\/span>ushered in a <\/span>brand <\/span>new <\/span>era of <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>for KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>. It <\/span>began <\/span>w<\/span>ith Carl Stern and his ace reporter <\/span>Paul Sciria <\/span>host<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>a rev<\/span>amped <\/span>\u201cProgram PM<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Many listeners truly believed that <\/span>this Westinghouse outlet <\/span>was <\/span>truly <\/span>their own<\/span> personal <\/span>station <\/span>and <\/span>as such <\/span>they had <\/span>the <\/span>right to make <\/span>a <\/span>slew <\/span>of <\/span>suggestions that <\/span>they <\/span>believed <\/span>would <\/span>dramatically<\/span> <\/span>improve <\/span>its <\/span>depth and <\/span>quality<\/span>. <\/span>S<\/span>uch was the case when a group of <\/span>h<\/span>igh <\/span>s<\/span>chool students <\/span>from Independence, OH asked <\/span>station <\/span>officials<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>restore <\/span>Dick Reynolds <\/span>to his <\/span>Mid<\/span>night <\/span>gig.<\/span>[58]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>They didn\u2019t like <\/span>his replacement Dave <\/span>Hawthorne<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>pres<\/span>sing <\/span>need to keep costs <\/span>down<\/span> <\/span>and revenues high <\/span>while <\/span>maintain<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>high <\/span>ratings <\/span>and honor<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>the contracts of their <\/span>prized <\/span>jocks<\/span> <\/span>often <\/span>encouraged <\/span>managers <\/span>to ignore <\/span>off-the-wall <\/span>requests<\/span> like th<\/span>e<\/span> one<\/span> <\/span>recently <\/span>submitted by those <\/span>high school <\/span>students<\/span>. <\/span>However, that didn\u2019t prevent<\/span> KYW<\/span> program<\/span> coordinators <\/span>from <\/span>radically altering <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>daily <\/span>lineup<\/span> when<\/span>ever<\/span> <\/span>necessary<\/span>. <\/span>Just such a <\/span>development <\/span>affected <\/span>the <\/span>10 to 11 p.m<\/span>. <\/span>time <\/span>slot<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>new<\/span>ly <\/span>expanded \u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>meant that <\/span>something <\/span>else <\/span>had to give<\/span> <\/span>somewhere else<\/span>. <\/span>In this case, <\/span>the <\/span>hour long <\/span>show <\/span>\u201cBig Jazz\u201d <\/span>was <\/span>cut <\/span>in half<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Its <\/span>recent <\/span>drop in <\/span>the <\/span>ratings <\/span>led to that <\/span>action<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Joe Finan and Wes Hopkins <\/span>served as <\/span>t<\/span>he key note speakers at t<\/span>he <\/span>January \u2018<\/span>60 meeting of the <\/span>C<\/span>leveland Jaycee\u2019s<\/span>.<\/span>[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Both defended the<\/span>ir <\/span>recent <\/span>actions <\/span>by <\/span>claiming <\/span>that nothing in their contracts <\/span>specifically <\/span>forbade <\/span>them from <\/span>engaging in <\/span>such activities<\/span>.<\/span> Finan <\/span>blamed <\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>Mainline Distributor<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>his <\/span>difficult<\/span>ies<\/span>.<\/span>[60]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>H<\/span>e said <\/span>that <\/span>Mainline <\/span>had <\/span>thoughtlessly <\/span>placed <\/span>his <\/span>consulting <\/span>fees <\/span>under <\/span>\u201c<\/span>payola<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Finan<\/span> further <\/span>argu<\/span>ed that <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>managers<\/span> <\/span>fully <\/span>knew <\/span>what <\/span>he and Hopkins <\/span>were <\/span>up to and they <\/span>said <\/span>nothing<\/span> <\/span>about it<\/span>. <\/span>He believed that th<\/span>is <\/span>recently <\/span>drummed up <\/span>scandal had <\/span>given <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>golden <\/span>opportunity <\/span>it was looking for <\/span>to <\/span>clean<\/span> its <\/span>house<\/span> <\/span>without <\/span>causing <\/span>a <\/span>public <\/span>stir<\/span>. <\/span>In this <\/span>instance<\/span>, cleaning house <\/span>meant<\/span> <\/span>firing <\/span>some of <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>high<\/span>est<\/span>–<\/span>paid <\/span>celebr<\/span>ities<\/span> <\/span>which <\/span>of course meant <\/span>them<\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Finan <\/span>then<\/span> went on to say <\/span>that <\/span>there was not<\/span>hing<\/span> <\/span>inherently <\/span>wrong with <\/span>Top 40<\/span> radio<\/span>. <\/span>It was neither corrupt nor immoral. He reminded everyone to not heed high-brow corporate leaders within the music industry itself who repeatedly berated Top 40 programming for their own gains. The first round of federal hearings on payola ended later in \u201860. Penalties included $10,000 fine and prison time. One of the new remedies adopted by many AM stations allowed their business managers and not radio personalities, to determine which records received airplay and which ones didn\u2019t. Rational thinking like that allegedly ending future illegal activities by unscrupulous local jocks. Payola has periodically resurfaced in commercial broadcasting over the last sixty years but not with the same intensity.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

At the end of <\/span>January<\/span> 19<\/span>60<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the radio-industry <\/span>learn<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>for the first time <\/span>that <\/span>the Board of Directors at <\/span>RKO<\/span>–<\/span>General <\/span>(RKO) <\/span>had <\/span>approached <\/span>RCA-NBC <\/span>about <\/span>exchang<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>Phil<\/span>adelphia<\/span> station<\/span> <\/span>WRCV <\/span>for <\/span>RKO\u2019s <\/span>Boston <\/span>equivalent<\/span> <\/span>WNAC<\/span> radio and television.<\/span> <\/span>Part of <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>proposed <\/span>arrangement <\/span>also <\/span>called for <\/span>transferring <\/span>WRC, the <\/span>NBC <\/span>affiliate <\/span>in <\/span>Washington, D.C.<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>RKO<\/span>.<\/span>[61]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>Once <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>successfully <\/span>secure<\/span>d a <\/span>new <\/span>foothold <\/span>with<\/span>in <\/span>the Boston market<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>planned <\/span>to purchase another <\/span>prime <\/span>Philadelphia <\/span>outlet<\/span>. <\/span>If <\/span>that <\/span>transpired <\/span>it <\/span>would have <\/span>enabled <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> to <\/span>have blanketed <\/span>control <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>E<\/span>ast <\/span>C<\/span>oast <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>market<\/span> <\/span>running anywhere <\/span>from southern Maine to northern Virginia<\/span>. <\/span>Also<\/span>, <\/span>RKO<\/span>\u2019s attorneys hoped their actions might <\/span>divert <\/span>the <\/span>attention of the <\/span>feds <\/span>away from the <\/span>controversial <\/span>\u201956 <\/span>swap <\/span>and the <\/span>recent <\/span>DOJ <\/span>c<\/span>onsent decree.<\/span>[62]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

If t<\/span>he <\/span>feds <\/span>had <\/span>accept<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>th<\/span>e RKO-General <\/span>petition <\/span>unconditionally<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>would have <\/span>radically <\/span>altered <\/span>commercial <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>with<\/span>in <\/span>one <\/span>of <\/span>our <\/span>nation\u2019s <\/span>largest <\/span>markets<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Furthermore<\/span>, <\/span>i<\/span>f <\/span>the <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Dep<\/span>a<\/span>rtme<\/span>nt\u2019s<\/span> consent <\/span>decree<\/span> <\/span>was <\/span>quashed <\/span>by the <\/span>F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> that would have <\/span>paved the way <\/span>for <\/span>similar<\/span>ly <\/span>station <\/span>exchanges<\/span> nationwide<\/span>. <\/span>However, i<\/span>f the <\/span>commissioners <\/span>absolutely <\/span>reje<\/span>ct<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>the proposal <\/span>that <\/span>might <\/span>have <\/span>been <\/span>the first <\/span>in a <\/span>series <\/span>of <\/span>steps<\/span> <\/span>that would have <\/span>eventual<\/span>ly led to the<\/span> <\/span>breakup <\/span>of <\/span>two of <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>country<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>large<\/span>st<\/span> <\/span>radio networks. <\/span>I<\/span>t <\/span>was a gamble<\/span> <\/span>full of <\/span>potentially <\/span>devastating<\/span> <\/span>business <\/span>consequences<\/span>,<\/span> and<\/span> yet<\/span>, <\/span>RKO<\/span>\u2019s legal counsel<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>ook <\/span>it <\/span>on<\/span>.<\/span>[63]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Everyone speculated <\/span>as to <\/span>how <\/span>the federal courts, the DOJ <\/span>and <\/span>the FCC <\/span>might react to <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>previously unexpected <\/span>petition<\/span>. <\/span>But<\/span>, <\/span>the majority of <\/span>odd makers <\/span>in 1960 <\/span>were <\/span>more than <\/span>willing to <\/span>bet<\/span> <\/span>against <\/span>it<\/span>. <\/span>Most <\/span>of them <\/span>thought <\/span>that <\/span>RKO <\/span>p<\/span>etition <\/span>would <\/span>be <\/span>hopelessly <\/span>st<\/span>uck <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>federal <\/span>court<\/span> system<\/span> for years<\/span>. <\/span>If that <\/span>occurred that <\/span>would not be good for <\/span>either <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>or <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Eager <\/span>to <\/span>increase <\/span>its <\/span>number of <\/span>early evening <\/span>listeners <\/span>led <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>incorporate <\/span>a<\/span>n existing <\/span>outside radio <\/span>show <\/span>in<\/span>to its <\/span>daily <\/span>lineup on <\/span>January 25<\/span>, 19<\/span>60<\/span>. <\/span>Formerly <\/span>broadcasted over <\/span>WDOK<\/span>-Radio<\/span>,<\/span> the \u201cHi-Fi Club\u201d <\/span>successful<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>switch<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>from its old<\/span> haunts <\/span>at 1260 AM <\/span>to <\/span>its new digs at <\/span>11<\/span>00 AM<\/span>.<\/span>[64]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Heard <\/span>weekdays from 8<\/span> <\/span>to 9 p.m. and again on Saturday at 9<\/span> p.m.<\/span>, <\/span>it <\/span>was <\/span>geared <\/span>explicitly <\/span>for <\/span>teenagers<\/span>. <\/span>Acting<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>both <\/span>judge <\/span>and jury, a <\/span>different <\/span>pa<\/span>nel <\/span>of <\/span>teens <\/span>e<\/span>very <\/span>week <\/span>select<\/span>ed<\/span> the <\/span>particular <\/span>records t<\/span>hey wanted <\/span>to <\/span>hear <\/span>on KYW <\/span>that <\/span>evening and <\/span>the next day<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Setting aside the exciting changes affecting KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>daily <\/span>broadcast<\/span>s<\/span>, <\/span>what <\/span>exactly <\/span>wa<\/span>s going on <\/span>in <\/span>the legal world<\/span> at that moment<\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>initial <\/span>NBC<\/span>–<\/span>RKO <\/span>discussions <\/span>focus<\/span>ing<\/span> on a possible <\/span>station <\/span>exchange <\/span>re<\/span>–<\/span>emerged <\/span>in <\/span>May<\/span> <\/span>\u2018<\/span>60<\/span>. <\/span>This time <\/span>NBC <\/span>stoked <\/span>the flames <\/span>of <\/span>this <\/span>controversy <\/span>by <\/span>announc<\/span>ing <\/span>that it <\/span>plan<\/span>ned<\/span> to sell <\/span>its <\/span>popular <\/span>Washington<\/span>, D.C.<\/span> <\/span>radio and television <\/span>outlet<\/span> for <\/span>a whopping <\/span>$11.5 <\/span>million<\/span>.<\/span>[65]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>However, <\/span>th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>deal <\/span>hinged on <\/span>two <\/span>other <\/span>things<\/span> occurring <\/span>upfront<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>First, <\/span>RCA<\/span>-NBC<\/span> <\/span>must be <\/span>permitted <\/span>to <\/span>acquir<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>another <\/span>big <\/span>city <\/span>station<\/span>,<\/span> perhaps in San Francisco<\/span>. Second, <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>must <\/span>a<\/span>gree to <\/span>that arr<\/span>a<\/span>ngement<\/span>. Another <\/span>legal <\/span>issue <\/span>to <\/span>arise <\/span>concerned <\/span>the upcoming <\/span>Philco<\/span> case<\/span>. <\/span>You might remember that this <\/span>looming <\/span>c<\/span>ourt battle <\/span>revolved around <\/span>so-called <\/span>unfair <\/span>business <\/span>dealings<\/span> <\/span>initiated<\/span> by <\/span>NBC <\/span>against<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>well-<\/span>established <\/span>Philadelphia<\/span> <\/span>corporation<\/span>. <\/span>Amazingly<\/span>, t<\/span>h<\/span>at regulatory agency <\/span>remained silent <\/span>on <\/span>Philco\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>recent legal action <\/span>perhaps <\/span>due to <\/span>the fact that <\/span>its <\/span>commission<\/span>ers<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>not <\/span>yet <\/span>fully <\/span>processed <\/span>the <\/span>o<\/span>ral <\/span>arguments <\/span>that<\/span> company had <\/span>presented <\/span>the previous <\/span>October<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>If RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>as successful in <\/span>acquir<\/span>ing<\/span> WRC<\/span>-Washington, D.C.<\/span> then <\/span>it <\/span>would <\/span>have to <\/span>divest itself of its <\/span>current <\/span>holding <\/span>in th<\/span>e district <\/span>WGMS<\/span>.<\/span>[66]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>President Don <\/span>McGannon said that all of this legal mumble jumble could be resolved very quickly if Congress enacted a commercial bribery law with some teeth in it.[67]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0However, he knew such actions were highly unlikely based on the hesitation of Congressional leaders to act swiftly on payola.<\/span><\/p>\n

February<\/span> 19<\/span>60<\/span> saw <\/span>the House<\/span> <\/span>Legislative Oversight Subcommittee beg<\/span>i<\/span>n <\/span>its <\/span>long overdue <\/span>hearings on <\/span>that subject<\/span>.<\/span>[68]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Early testimony <\/span>showed <\/span>that <\/span>both <\/span>KYW and WBZ <\/span>had <\/span>done nothing to <\/span>stop <\/span>several of their <\/span>jocks <\/span>from <\/span>receiv<\/span>ing<\/span> thousands of dollars <\/span>in <\/span>consult<\/span>ing fees<\/span> and gifts<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In the case of <\/span>Boston\u2019s <\/span>W<\/span>BZ,<\/span> three of <\/span>its <\/span>favorite<\/span> celebrities <\/span>Alan Dary<\/span> (1920-2009)<\/span>, Dave Maynard<\/span> (1929-2012<\/span>) and<\/span> Norm Prescott <\/span>(1927-2005) <\/span>had <\/span>received <\/span>a total of <\/span>more than $16,000 in <\/span>gifts and money<\/span> from <\/span>the record <\/span>industry<\/span>.<\/span>[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Unlike its sister station in Boston, <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>brazenly refused to supply <\/span>that committee <\/span>with <\/span>either <\/span>its program logs <\/span>or <\/span>playlists<\/span>. Th<\/span>at <\/span>bold <\/span>action<\/span> <\/span>by KYW <\/span>was <\/span>astonishing g<\/span>iven the <\/span>weightiness <\/span>of this<\/span> situation<\/span>. Remember <\/span>its <\/span>DJs <\/span>had <\/span>received <\/span>more than $30<\/span>,000 <\/span>in \u201cconsulting fees\u201d <\/span>from <\/span>numerous <\/span>record <\/span>labels <\/span>and distributors <\/span>cover<\/span>ing<\/span> a <\/span>two year<\/span> <\/span>period<\/span>.<\/span> In <\/span>Joe <\/span>Finan\u2019s <\/span>case<\/span>,<\/span> his <\/span>annual <\/span>KYW <\/span>salary <\/span>r<\/span>anged <\/span>from <\/span>$38,000 to $40,000.<\/span>[70]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>Further investigation <\/span>by th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>same <\/span>house committee <\/span>discovered<\/span> that he had received <\/span>roughly $15,000 <\/span>from <\/span>a number of <\/span>record companies and distributors<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at<\/span> breakdown <\/span>included $<\/span>1,250 from Mainline Distributor; $2,500 from Cosn<\/span>a<\/span>t Record Distribution Company,\u00a0<\/span>$5,200 from Mercury Records, $450 from Big Top, $600 from Un<\/span>ited Artists and $1,400 from Shad<\/span>. <\/span>Finan also got <\/span>$1,400 from Hugo & Luigi Productions, $600 from Decca, $450 from Cameo<\/span>, $1,050 from Carlton, $400 from Epic<\/span>, $600 from Coed<\/span>, <\/span>$300 from Meridian Music Publishers (Red Label), $200 from London Records and $150 from Madison. Chess<\/span> R<\/span>ecord<\/span> Company <\/span>also <\/span>furnished <\/span>Finan <\/span>a <\/span>$2,000 <\/span>no-<\/span>interest<\/span> <\/span>loan<\/span> of which $1<\/span>,<\/span>700 <\/span>of it <\/span>remained <\/span>outstanding<\/span>.<\/span>[71]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hopkins <\/span>reported a<\/span>n annual<\/span> <\/span>salary of $21,800. <\/span>H<\/span>e had recei<\/span>ved $5,000 in 19<\/span>5<\/span>8 and $7,000 <\/span>the following year<\/span>.<\/span> T<\/span>hat included <\/span>$1,300 from Mainline Distributor; $3,400 from Mercury<\/span> Records<\/span>, $1,675<\/span> from Cosna<\/span>t <\/span>and $300 from B<\/span>ig Top. Hopkins also received $575 in <\/span>consulting fees f<\/span>rom <\/span>Shad <\/span>Records<\/span> plus <\/span>$75 from <\/span>Cameo, $950 from Carlton, $900 from Jubilee<\/span>, $275 from Coed <\/span>and $200 from End Records.<\/span> <\/span>Apparently, the <\/span>recently <\/span>f<\/span>ired <\/span>KYW <\/span>record librarian <\/span>Charles Young <\/span>had <\/span>assisted <\/span>them <\/span>in <\/span>choosing the record<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>they <\/span>played<\/span>. <\/span>Young <\/span>had <\/span>receiv<\/span>ed<\/span> $450 from Mainline Distributor; $800 to $900 from Mercury Records, $300 from Time Records, $500 from Roulette, $50 to $75 from Coed and $300 to $350 from Cosnat. <\/span>He <\/span>claimed <\/span>that he <\/span>was <\/span>always <\/span>above board <\/span>in his\u00a0<\/span>business <\/span>practices <\/span>and <\/span>that he <\/span>never <\/span>knowing<\/span>ly <\/span>promot<\/span>ed <\/span>one <\/span>record <\/span>company over another.<\/span>[72]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>publicity campaign <\/span>in <\/span>February <\/span>19<\/span>60 <\/span>proudly <\/span>announced that <\/span>KY<\/span>W-AM <\/span>was once again <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>number one radio station.<\/span>[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>A<\/span>s a tribute to <\/span>local<\/span> <\/span>radio legends, <\/span>station <\/span>managers prais<\/span>ed <\/span>Tom Manning<\/span> for his <\/span>many<\/span> years of devoted <\/span>s<\/span>ervice<\/span> to both WTAM and KYW<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>For quite <\/span>a while<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>highly <\/span>confiden<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>p<\/span>romoters had been searching for a new <\/span>station <\/span>identity<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>one <\/span>that <\/span>would <\/span>resonate well with the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>emergent <\/span>listening audience. <\/span>That March, <\/span>the<\/span>y move<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>ahead with <\/span>plans <\/span>to convert <\/span>\u201c<\/span>good old<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>into the <\/span>all-new <\/span>\u201cBig K.\u201d <\/span>Station promoters<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>thinking they had <\/span>indeed <\/span>found the perfect solution<\/span> to their dilemma<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>asked <\/span>their <\/span>trusted <\/span>fans <\/span>to <\/span>start <\/span>think<\/span>ing<\/span> \u201cK-Konscious.\u201d<\/span>[74]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>promotion <\/span>effort <\/span>also <\/span>in<\/span>cluded <\/span>a <\/span>quirky <\/span>contest in which the <\/span>lucky <\/span>winner won a <\/span>free <\/span>trip to <\/span>beautiful <\/span>\u201cKopenhagen, Denmark<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span>his \u201ckrazy\u201d publicity campaign <\/span>purposely <\/span>focused <\/span>the public\u2019s attention <\/span>on <\/span>\u201ckazoplaying\u201d contest<\/span>s<\/span>,<\/span> kayak race<\/span>s<\/span> and kite flying <\/span>races<\/span>. <\/span>Panned by critics and listen<\/span>ers alike<\/span> from its first day<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>promo <\/span>disappeared <\/span>as <\/span>rapid<\/span>ly <\/span>as <\/span>it appeared<\/span>. <\/span>On <\/span>the <\/span>positive <\/span>side of the <\/span>corporate<\/span> <\/span>ledger<\/span>, <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>sp<\/span>e<\/span>cial <\/span>Sunday show<\/span> <\/span>starring <\/span>Ronnie Barrett<\/span> continued to attract <\/span>a large number of <\/span>new <\/span>f<\/span>ollowers<\/span>. <\/span>Aptly <\/span>named <\/span>\u201cAlbum of the Week\u201d <\/span>it <\/span>originated from <\/span>the <\/span>record department<\/span> at Halle Brothers<\/span> <\/span>department store <\/span>downtown<\/span>.<\/span>[75]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>That same month<\/span>,<\/span> m<\/span>ore <\/span>legal <\/span>details <\/span>began to <\/span>unfold <\/span>concern<\/span>ing <\/span>t<\/span>he <\/span>current <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> petition<\/span>. Th<\/span>at <\/span>entire <\/span>$11.<\/span>5<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> deal hung <\/span>i<\/span>n <\/span>the <\/span>balance<\/span> unless <\/span>the feds allowed the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>acquir<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>KTVU<\/span>-Oakland<\/span> for <\/span>the <\/span>$7.<\/span>5<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> figure<\/span>.<\/span>[76]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Network <\/span>officials<\/span> <\/span>considered t<\/span>hat<\/span> <\/span>deal w<\/span>ell within <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>ball park. The one problem <\/span>still <\/span>looming <\/span>on the horizon <\/span>for <\/span>RCA<\/span>-NBC<\/span> <\/span>was <\/span>whether <\/span>the <\/span>DOJ and <\/span>FCC <\/span>w<\/span>ould <\/span>appro<\/span>ve <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

KYW\u2019s <\/span>Program Director Bud Wendell <\/span>proudly <\/span>represented <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Company <\/span>at a <\/span>White House Conference <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>hildren and <\/span>y<\/span>outh.<\/span>[77]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Local program<\/span>mers <\/span>added racing results to Wally King\u2019s <\/span>afternoon <\/span>gig<\/span>.<\/span>[78]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>successful Road Show reflected that station<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>unyielding <\/span>commitment to provide Clevelanders with excellent community service<\/span>. A recipient of the American Legion prestigious \u201cCitation of Merit<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d <\/span>the Road Show <\/span>demonstrated <\/span>time after time <\/span>the <\/span>very best in <\/span>civic pride.<\/span>[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It <\/span>had <\/span>also won the <\/span>much <\/span>coveted <\/span>Sylvana Award, <\/span>as well as the <\/span>Edison Award <\/span>and <\/span>the Freedom Foundation Award.<\/span> <\/span>In <\/span>April<\/span> \u2018<\/span>60<\/span>, <\/span>W<\/span>BC officially <\/span>unveiled <\/span>its <\/span>latest <\/span>plans <\/span>for <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>radio and television <\/span>studio<\/span>. <\/span>L<\/span>ocated <\/span>at 1405 East 6<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> Street <\/span>in <\/span>the former East Ohio Gas Building <\/span>and d<\/span>esigned by <\/span>the <\/span>architect<\/span>ural team of <\/span>Sidney Stadig and Jack Bialosky<\/span>, Sr.<\/span> (1926-2020)<\/span>, <\/span>this <\/span>beaux art<\/span>s <\/span>complex<\/span> <\/span>feature<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>two large television studios<\/span>, state-of-the-art <\/span>office<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>pace<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>a well-stocked <\/span>cafeteria.<\/span>[80]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Riding <\/span>the <\/span>crest of <\/span>his <\/span>many <\/span>recent <\/span>success<\/span>es<\/span>, <\/span>the head of <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>Don <\/span>McGannon offer<\/span>ed<\/span> some <\/span>sage <\/span>advice<\/span> to <\/span>his <\/span>colleagues<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>S<\/span>tep<\/span>ping<\/span> down as Chairman of the National Artists & Broadcasters TV Code Review<\/span>,<\/span> he reminded <\/span>everyone <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>incredible <\/span>r<\/span>ebirth <\/span>of commercial<\/span> broadcasting over <\/span>the past <\/span>fifteen <\/span>years <\/span>or so <\/span>was not <\/span>just <\/span>due to <\/span>the <\/span>ever <\/span>growing <\/span>popularity <\/span>of <\/span>that new phenomenon <\/span>we <\/span>know as <\/span>television<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>He said that <\/span>commercial <\/span>ra<\/span>dio<\/span> <\/span>stations <\/span>also <\/span>deserve<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>a great deal of <\/span>the <\/span>credit<\/span> for <\/span>its <\/span>success<\/span>.<\/span>[81]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>In fact, <\/span>radio <\/span>far <\/span>outstripped <\/span>television <\/span>when it<\/span> came to <\/span>offering <\/span>the <\/span>most up-to-date <\/span>newscasts<\/span> a<\/span>s well as <\/span>many <\/span>high quality <\/span>shows<\/span>. <\/span>He <\/span>further <\/span>s<\/span>uggested that <\/span>shar<\/span>ing <\/span>useful <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>tips <\/span>across the <\/span>mediums t<\/span>hrough <\/span>annual <\/span>corporate <\/span>sponsored <\/span>c<\/span>onferences <\/span>produced <\/span>a wide array of <\/span>highly <\/span>ingenious<\/span>,<\/span> new <\/span>business <\/span>ideas<\/span>. <\/span>The many <\/span>outstanding<\/span> <\/span>managers<\/span> and<\/span> skilled<\/span> <\/span>technicians<\/span> <\/span>that currently <\/span>work<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>radio and television <\/span>provided <\/span>all of that <\/span>and so much more to their co<\/span>–<\/span>workers<\/span>. <\/span>McGannon believed <\/span>that today\u2019s<\/span> radio <\/span>industry<\/span> <\/span>connect<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>s of <\/span>listeners <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>world <\/span>around them<\/span> on a daily basis<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>No other broadcasting medium<\/span> <\/span>could <\/span>boast that<\/span> in the early <\/span>\u2018<\/span>60s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>counsel <\/span>awaited <\/span>t<\/span>he<\/span> <\/span>impending <\/span>WRCV\u2019s license renewal <\/span>storm <\/span>that was about to <\/span>unleash its fury<\/span> <\/span>and might on <\/span>the federal courts<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Philco<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>pending <\/span>propos<\/span>al called for not only <\/span>spend <\/span>an <\/span>astounding <\/span>$4.<\/span>1<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>to erect <\/span>a <\/span>new<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>top-of-the-line <\/span>on-site <\/span>television <\/span>antenna<\/span>; but also, an additional <\/span>$<\/span>5<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>to improve <\/span>that station\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>overall <\/span>operational <\/span>capabilities<\/span>.<\/span>[82]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>As previously noted<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>Phil<\/span>co <\/span>Corporation <\/span>in 1953 <\/span>had <\/span>sold <\/span>its original <\/span>Philly television <\/span>station <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>f<\/span>or <\/span>an a<\/span>mazing <\/span>$8.<\/span>5<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>. <\/span>It<\/span>s l<\/span>egal staff insisted <\/span>that N<\/span>B<\/span>C<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>sh<\/span>irked <\/span>its <\/span>responsibilities<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>hen it came <\/span>to <\/span>provid<\/span>ing <\/span>Philadelphians<\/span> with <\/span>top <\/span>quality <\/span>l<\/span>i<\/span>v<\/span>e program<\/span>ming<\/span>.<\/span>[83]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>RCA-NBC <\/span>c<\/span>ountered <\/span>that <\/span>charge <\/span>directly <\/span>by c<\/span>laim<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>that Philco <\/span>had <\/span>been harassing <\/span>it needlessly<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>ould <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>fight ever <\/span>end<\/span> peaceably <\/span>no one <\/span>knew?<\/span><\/p>\n

  1. Russell W. Kane, \u201cUntouchables Deeply Interests Mrs. Ness,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 21, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. \u201cRadio, TV Said to Lack Responsibility Editorially,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 25, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. \u201cNice Campaign Thousands Vie to Name KYW\u2019s Friendly Imp,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 27, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  4. \u201cMusic-and-News Format Is Being Broadened,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  5. Russell W. Kane, \u201cKYW-FM is Looking Around for Sponsors,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 8, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  6. Russell W. Kane, \u201cEight-Sided Struggle Engulfs Radio Fans,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 10, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  7. Russell W. Kane, \u201cBar Group\u2019s Verdict Dooms Traffic Court,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>May 14, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  8. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  9. \u201cPlatter of Platter Voices, D.J. Meet to Double Attendance Last Year,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 18, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  10. \u201cMcGannon Says WBC Network Label Wrong,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 8, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  11. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  12. \u201cDisc Jockey: Performer or Businessman?\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>July 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  13. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  14. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  15. George E. Condon, \u201cSearch for New Sound Keeps Pot Boiling Madly,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 19, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  16. \u201cPhilco vs. NBC Oct. 1,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 10, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  17. \u201cWeek\u2019s Headliners,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 17, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  18. Russell W. Kane, \u201cPat on the Back for Gordon Davis,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>August 23, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  19. George E. Condon, \u201cKYW Schedules to Get Reshuffle as New Program Boss Takes Over,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 14, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  20. \u201cThe New Horizons Community Service Project of KYW Cleveland,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 17, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  21. \u201cWBC Sales Curve Up in Both Radio & TV,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 24, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  22. Russell W. Kane, \u201cDudley and Neal to Revive <\/span>Graneyism<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 26, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  23. \u201cConsent Decree Near?\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 31, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  24. \u201cIs Radio Playing Music In a Single Groove?\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  25. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  26. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  27. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  28. \u201cWeek\u2019s Headliners,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 7, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  29. \u201cRuling Seen Not Hitting KYW Outlets,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 23, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  30. \u201cColleges to Benefit by WBC Spot Campaign,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 28, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  31. \u201cNow TV Has a Consent Decree, Some Key Network Practices Must Stand Antitrust Tests From Here On,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 28, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  32. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  33. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  34. \u201cCleveland Stations Battle,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 5, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  35. \u201cHelicopter Might Watch Traffic,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>October 11, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  36. \u201cVoters Register,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>October 12, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  37. \u201cFates and Fortunes,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 19, 1959.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  38. \u201c<\/span>Megatown<\/span> Idea WBC Area Study Shows Radio-TV Best <\/span>Engulfer<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 26, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  39. \u201cSponsor Contest,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  40. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  41. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  42. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  43. George E. Condon, \u201cCondon\u2019s Notes Will Only the Contestants Be Punished In The Television Quiz Show Frauds?\u201d <\/span><\/span>Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 4, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  44. Russell W. Kane, \u201cFM-Your Ticket to Quality Music,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>November 8, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  45. \u201cKYW\u2019s Billion Dollar Promotion,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 16, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  46. \u201cProgram PM Returns to Old Form,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 28, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  47. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  48. \u201cLook and Listen All Day Tomorrow: KYW Holiday Kick-Off,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 29, 1959.\u00a0<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  49. George E. Condon, \u201cKYW Signs Off Finan and Hopkins,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 4, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  50. Richard Shepard, \u201cDisk Concern Cites Payola,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 2, 1959. Ralph Blumenthal, \u201cCharges of Payola Over Radio Music,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 25, 2002.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  51. \u201cKYW Signs Off Finan and Hopkins.\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  52. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  53. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  54. \u201c9 Record Firms, One Here, Are Charged With Payola,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>December 5, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  55. \u201cKYW D.J.\u2019s Fired,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 7, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  56. \u201cThe Year in Review,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> December 27, 1959.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  57. \u201cPM Expands Again in Listener Victory,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>January 2, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  58. Ibid.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  59. Russell W. Kane, \u201cFinan Argues Case in Talk to Jaycees,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0January 7, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  60. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  61. \u201cNBC Plans Shift for Two Stations,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 21, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  62. \u201cNBC Swap With RKO Taking Shape,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 25, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  63. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  64. \u201cHi-Fi Club Moves; New Cards Needed,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 23, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  65. \u201cNBC Swap With RKO Taking Shape,\u201d<\/span><\/span> Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> January 25, 1960.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  66. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  67. \u201cTV Official Urges U.S. to Ban Payola,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The New York Times<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>January 26, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  68. \u201cHarris Drums Up Payola Parade and a Surprised Westinghouse Finds Itself Leading the March,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 15, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  69. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  70. Edward <\/span>Kernan<\/span>, \u201cGot $12,000 on Side, Finan Says Only $450 was Payola He Insists,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 10, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  71. \u201cHarris Drums Up Payola Parade.\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  72. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  73. \u201cKYW Is Way Up in Cleveland!\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> February 15, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  74. George E. Condon, \u201cNew Radio Riddle: Who Took a Big Cue from WABQ?\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 6, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  75. \u201cListen to Album of the Week with Ronnie Barrett on KYW Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 20, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  76. \u201cNBC, RKO General Trades Three-City Station Sales are Announced,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span><\/span><\/em>, March 21, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  77. Russell W. Kane, \u201cCensorship is Topic for Debate Program,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> March 22, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  78. \u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>April 1, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  79. \u201cOur Helpless and Handicapped, KYW Cleveland,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> April 11, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  80. Adin C. Rider, \u201cKYW to Have New Home In Ex-Gas Building,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em>, April 27, 1960. \u201cKYW-AM-TV Moves Into New Studio Facilities,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span><\/span><\/em>, December 12, 1960.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  81. \u201cThe Road Ahead,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 1960.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  82. \u201cPhilco Wants Ch. 3 Philly,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 9, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  83. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-27","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/27","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/27\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":278,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/27\/revisions\/278"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/27\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=27"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=27"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=27"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}