{"id":29,"date":"2022-02-23T13:11:06","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T13:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/?post_type=chapter&p=29"},"modified":"2022-05-11T18:44:36","modified_gmt":"2022-05-11T18:44:36","slug":"chapter-5-a-cleveland-love-song","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/chapter\/chapter-5-a-cleveland-love-song\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 5: A Cleveland Love Song"},"content":{"raw":"KYW-<\/span>radio <\/span>love<\/span>d<\/span> the <\/span>many <\/span>good people <\/span>who <\/span>lived and worked <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>Greater <\/span>C<\/span>leveland.<\/span> <\/span>Without a doubt, m<\/span>aking th<\/span>at<\/span> station fun <\/span>for everyone <\/span>was <\/span>one of <\/span>Westinghouse\u2019s primary <\/span>business <\/span>objectives<\/span>. <\/span>Relying on <\/span>fast-talking <\/span>DJs <\/span>who played <\/span>only the <\/span>very <\/span>best in contemporary music <\/span>while providing <\/span>accurate <\/span>daily <\/span>weather forecasts<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>valuable <\/span>traffic reports<\/span>, <\/span>precise <\/span>sports coverage and <\/span>in-depth <\/span>newscasts<\/span> <\/span>fulfill<\/span>ed<\/span> that <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>unwavering <\/span>promise<\/span>. E<\/span>veryone <\/span>that <\/span>listen<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>in the <\/span>late \u201850s and <\/span>early \u201860s<\/span> <\/span>knew th<\/span>at <\/span>was <\/span>true<\/span>. <\/span>It<\/span>s <\/span>many <\/span>trendy <\/span>p<\/span>rogrammers <\/span>n<\/span>ever lost sight of<\/span> the importance of<\/span> <\/span>promoting <\/span>that <\/span>\u201c<\/span>happiness<\/span>\u201d<\/span> factor<\/span> each and every day<\/span>. I<\/span>nsert<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>cheerful <\/span>jingles <\/span>hundreds of times<\/span> <\/span>a day helped them to achieve th<\/span>at<\/span> goal<\/span> successfully<\/span>.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThat <\/span>being said, this <\/span>highly <\/span>dedicated <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>outlet <\/span>took <\/span>its <\/span>latest <\/span>publicity efforts <\/span>to a<\/span>n even <\/span>higher level <\/span>in 1964 <\/span>when it <\/span>proudly <\/span>released <\/span>its own<\/span> <\/span>45<\/span> <\/span>single<\/span>. <\/span>With m<\/span>usic <\/span>by <\/span>the popular Madison Ave<\/span>nue <\/span>composer <\/span>of the day <\/span>Mitch Leigh <\/span>(1928-2014) <\/span>and <\/span>lyrics by Jane Griffin<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>\u201c<\/span>A Cleveland Love Song<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>made its <\/span>debut<\/span> <\/span>on the <\/span>June 19<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>edition of the <\/span>Jim Stagg Show. <\/span>A<\/span>n immediate <\/span>hit<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>it was <\/span>re-released <\/span>just in time for the <\/span>Christmas<\/span> <\/span>holiday<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Some of you <\/span>might <\/span>remember its <\/span>composer <\/span>Mitch Leigh. He <\/span>later <\/span>gained <\/span>much acclaim for composing the musical score for the Broadway blockbuster of the \u201860s known as \u201cMan of La Mancha.\u201d<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAlthough <\/span>the <\/span>melody <\/span>of this song wa<\/span>s <\/span>in some ways <\/span>similar to the<\/span> <\/span>contemporary <\/span>hit by the <\/span>Ray Charles Singers <\/span>called <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Love Me with All Your Heart<\/span>,\u201d this <\/span>particular <\/span>release <\/span>stood on its own<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The chief <\/span>purpose <\/span>behind <\/span>this <\/span>song <\/span>was <\/span>for <\/span>K<\/span>YW to <\/span>praise <\/span>its newly <\/span>adopted city<\/span> and <\/span>its <\/span>many <\/span>great people<\/span>. <\/span>The word<\/span>s<\/span> and the music <\/span>may seem simple <\/span>in <\/span>t<\/span>oday\u2019s <\/span>highly <\/span>sophis<\/span>ticated <\/span>world<\/span>,<\/span> but <\/span>don\u2019t let that fool you <\/span>it <\/span>achieve<\/span>d<\/span> its <\/span>purpose<\/span>. Most importantly, <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>very <\/span>likeable <\/span>tune forged <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>strong <\/span>bond between <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>many <\/span>loyal <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>a connection <\/span>t<\/span>h<\/span>at <\/span>still <\/span>exist<\/span>s<\/span> among <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>most dyed-in-the-wool <\/span>fan<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>right <\/span>to the present day<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, before we get ahead of ourselves<\/span>,<\/span> let\u2019s see what <\/span>was <\/span>happen<\/span>ing <\/span>before <\/span>that song<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>release<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>K<\/span>nown <\/span>at the beginni<\/span>ng of the 19<\/span>60s <\/span>as \u201cthe S<\/span>tation with the <\/span>Million<\/span> Dollar Sound,\u201d <\/span>KYW-<\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>never <\/span>disregarded <\/span>the importan<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>role played by <\/span>its <\/span>outstanding <\/span>news<\/span> team<\/span>. Who could forget<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>famous <\/span>byline \u201cWhen i<\/span>ts <\/span>n<\/span>ews <\/span>e<\/span>lsewhere<\/span>,<\/span> its <\/span>h<\/span>istory at <\/span>KYW?<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cBob Hope to be Star of TV Political Farce,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>As <\/span>we<\/span> will see <\/span>later, the <\/span>frequen<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>replaying of <\/span>its <\/span>jingles only <\/span>served to reinforce <\/span>that <\/span>close <\/span>connection be<\/span>ing <\/span>shaped <\/span>be<\/span>tween its <\/span>growing <\/span>fan<\/span>-bas<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>and the <\/span>broadcasting outlet <\/span>they loved so <\/span>much<\/span>. <\/span>Abrupt c<\/span>hanges in <\/span>its radio <\/span>lineup <\/span>started <\/span>as early as <\/span>May 19<\/span>60 <\/span>when <\/span>Dick Reynolds <\/span>unexpectedly <\/span>left <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> <\/span>the bright lights of <\/span>Phil<\/span>ly <\/span>and <\/span>WIP <\/span>610 <\/span>AM<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>A freelancer <\/span>named <\/span>Keith Morris <\/span>took over his <\/span>s<\/span>how<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cRebirth of Germany\u2019s Military Documented,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 10, 1960. \u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 17, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\r\n\r\nA May 13<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>article<\/span> <\/span>dealt <\/span>with <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>growing concern <\/span>that was <\/span>affecting the broadcasting industry<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>general<\/span>. T<\/span>he <\/span>increasingly <\/span>high value <\/span>that <\/span>major <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>networks <\/span>were <\/span>plac<\/span>ing<\/span> on <\/span>owning and <\/span>o<\/span>perating <\/span>prime <\/span>facilitie<\/span>s <\/span>with<\/span>in <\/span>some of <\/span>our <\/span>nation\u2019s <\/span>biggest <\/span>market<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>appeared to be <\/span>overriding <\/span>their <\/span>long-term <\/span>commitment <\/span>to provide <\/span>the <\/span>very best <\/span>in entertainment and <\/span>news<\/span> 24\/7<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cBattle of TV Chains is Boiling Once Again,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>F<\/span>ew of <\/span>those <\/span>networks <\/span>ever <\/span>considered <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>repercussion <\/span>that <\/span>might <\/span>result<\/span> <\/span>when <\/span>their own<\/span> <\/span>particular <\/span>business needs <\/span>took <\/span>precedence <\/span>over the <\/span>public<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>interests<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>n<\/span>ever ending <\/span>parade of new <\/span>station <\/span>owners <\/span>with<\/span>in <\/span>major radio markets <\/span>proved <\/span>especially unnerving <\/span>to <\/span>na\u00efve <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>who <\/span>were <\/span>ill <\/span>prepared for <\/span>such <\/span>frequent<\/span>, <\/span>intense <\/span>changes<\/span>. Of course, <\/span>both <\/span>the <\/span>Westingho<\/span>use <\/span>Broadcasting Company <\/span>and <\/span>KYW <\/span>radio and television <\/span>b<\/span>e<\/span>li<\/span>e<\/span>ved in those <\/span>tenets <\/span>although officials <\/span>in both camps <\/span>remained <\/span>coy <\/span>when <\/span>it came to <\/span>explaining <\/span>to the public <\/span>what <\/span>exactly <\/span>prom<\/span>pt<\/span>ed <\/span>th<\/span>eir <\/span>actions.<\/span> <\/span>Nevertheless<\/span>, the<\/span>y <\/span>rarely <\/span>tri<\/span>e<\/span>d to <\/span>minimize or <\/span>soften <\/span>the <\/span>negative<\/span> aspects <\/span>of <\/span>regularly <\/span>swapping <\/span>outlets<\/span>. <\/span>Instead, t<\/span>hey<\/span> <\/span>preferred <\/span>to<\/span> s<\/span>howcase <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>many <\/span>outstanding <\/span>programming <\/span>achievements<\/span> <\/span>occurring <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>late <\/span>\u201850s and <\/span>early <\/span>\u201860s<\/span>. <\/span>What they didn\u2019t talk <\/span>much <\/span>about <\/span>were <\/span>their <\/span>f<\/span>uture plans<\/span> and how <\/span>they might affect local broadcasting<\/span>. <\/span>Some of <\/span>those long-term plans<\/span>,<\/span> if actually <\/span>adopt<\/span>ed<\/span>,<\/span> would have r<\/span>adical<\/span>ly changed <\/span>traditional <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>norms.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nMany of t<\/span>h<\/span>os<\/span>e <\/span>more immediate<\/span>, often <\/span>seemingly <\/span>cosmetic <\/span>changes <\/span>occurring in mid-\u201860s radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>really <\/span>represented <\/span>an <\/span>assimilation<\/span> <\/span>of the <\/span>many <\/span>suggestions<\/span> <\/span>for improvements <\/span>submitted by its loyal fans ove<\/span>r<\/span> <\/span>the past several <\/span>years<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>As <\/span>its <\/span>promoters <\/span>reiterated <\/span>\u201cwe are <\/span>de<\/span>di<\/span>cated to <\/span>providing <\/span>our <\/span>many <\/span>fans <\/span>with <\/span>what <\/span>they need and <\/span>want<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0What they failed to mention was th<\/span>e fact that <\/span>most <\/span>of <\/span>those <\/span>new <\/span>programming <\/span>initiatives <\/span>were <\/span>aimed <\/span>at one thing <\/span>and <\/span>on<\/span>ly on<\/span>e<\/span> thing <\/span>achieving <\/span>high <\/span>returns<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>After all, <\/span>KYW-Radio was <\/span>not <\/span>some <\/span>local, <\/span>non-profit <\/span>charit<\/span>y<\/span>,<\/span> far from it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Whether anyone cared to <\/span>acknowledge that <\/span>fact <\/span>or not <\/span>was <\/span>of little consequence <\/span>to <\/span>its <\/span>profit seeking <\/span>board<\/span>. T<\/span>his<\/span> radio<\/span> station <\/span>was <\/span>first and foremost <\/span>a <\/span>for<\/span>-<\/span>profit <\/span>enterprise<\/span> <\/span>whose <\/span>very <\/span>survival depended on <\/span>a <\/span>continu<\/span>ally expanding listening audience <\/span>driven <\/span>by <\/span>well-heeled <\/span>advertisers<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>I<\/span>f <\/span>that was <\/span>done <\/span>effective<\/span>ly <\/span>that <\/span>would <\/span>generate <\/span>exceptionally <\/span>high returns<\/span>. <\/span>S<\/span>uccessful <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>from its humble beginnings in the 1920s, <\/span>rarely deviated from <\/span>that business model<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nRegarding the current legal squabble<\/span>, t<\/span>h<\/span>e <\/span>feds <\/span>reluctance to act <\/span>quickly <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>the RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> <\/span>petition <\/span>surprised <\/span>many <\/span>in the broadcasting <\/span>industry including<\/span> <\/span>those at <\/span>W<\/span>B<\/span>C<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNBC-RKO Swap Under Fire,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 16, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>disinclination <\/span>o<\/span>f the U.S. 3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> District Court in Philadelphia to respond <\/span>rapidly <\/span>to <\/span>Westinghouse\u2019s <\/span>recently filed <\/span>counter suit <\/span>aimed at stopping it <\/span>greatly alarmed <\/span>its <\/span>Board of Directors<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>It was not alone <\/span>in its concern. <\/span><\/span>The San Francisco Chronicle<\/span><\/span><\/em> a<\/span>ided by i<\/span>ts <\/span>very <\/span>powerful <\/span>broadcasting arm <\/span>KRON-TV <\/span>went<\/span> through <\/span>a similar experience<\/span> when <\/span>they <\/span>approached the court<\/span>. <\/span>In fact, t<\/span>h<\/span>is <\/span>highly <\/span>influential<\/span>, powerful<\/span> <\/span>West C<\/span>oast <\/span>media giant <\/span>was not subtle when it <\/span>reminded the <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> District C<\/span>ourt <\/span>that NBC<\/span>\u2019s high handed <\/span>corporate <\/span>dealings <\/span>had <\/span>obliged <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>Broadcasting Company <\/span>to accept <\/span>what<\/span> many experts in the field believed to be <\/span>a<\/span> less tha<\/span>n <\/span>perfect <\/span>business <\/span>arrangement <\/span>in <\/span>\u201956<\/span>. <\/span><\/span>The San Francisco Chronicle<\/span><\/span> <\/span>insisted <\/span>that the <\/span>feds <\/span>must initiate <\/span>stricter <\/span>exchange <\/span>guidelines <\/span>before cons<\/span>idering <\/span>any <\/span>petition<\/span> submitted by RKO<\/span>-General<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nTh<\/span>at California<\/span>-based<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>giant <\/span>further <\/span>contend<\/span>ed that before <\/span>initiating <\/span>any <\/span>substantial changes to the <\/span>present <\/span>station <\/span>trade guidelines<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>fed<\/span>eral officials must <\/span>first <\/span>maintain <\/span>the status quo <\/span>regarding <\/span>the procedures <\/span>local <\/span>stations <\/span>must follow when<\/span>ever they intended to<\/span> <\/span>switch<\/span> <\/span>network<\/span> affiliation<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>Federal<\/span> compliance to this <\/span>West Coast <\/span>media<\/span>\u2019s demand <\/span>would <\/span>not bode well for <\/span>either <\/span>RKO<\/span> or <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span>. <\/span>Both <\/span>networks <\/span>defended<\/span> <\/span>their <\/span>rather callous <\/span>actions<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>claiming <\/span>that <\/span>their request would <\/span>serve <\/span>the <\/span>best interest<\/span>s<\/span> of the <\/span>public<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In their minds, <\/span>there was no other <\/span>plausible <\/span>argument.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Furthermore<\/span>, <\/span>RKO and <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>had <\/span>willingly<\/span> <\/span>fulfilled <\/span>a<\/span>ll <\/span>the <\/span>legal obligation<\/span>s <\/span>required <\/span>of them <\/span>under <\/span>the <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>DOJ <\/span>consent decree.<\/span> <\/span>Yet<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in the eyes of <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>oard <\/span>members <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>actions <\/span>s<\/span>eemed <\/span>highly <\/span>orchestrated<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>uncanny <\/span>ability <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> lawyers <\/span>to skirt<\/span> <\/span>around <\/span>the <\/span>purported <\/span>business <\/span>improprieties <\/span>further <\/span>infuriated <\/span>U.S. Rep. <\/span>Emanuel <\/span>Celler<\/span> and his <\/span>house <\/span>committee<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNBC-RKO Deals Under New Fire,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 6, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>An outspoken<\/span> <\/span>New York <\/span>politician<\/span>,<\/span> with a <\/span>long history <\/span>of <\/span>defending <\/span>th<\/span>e <\/span>downtrodden<\/span>, <\/span>Celler<\/span> <\/span>immediately <\/span>re<\/span>-<\/span>conven<\/span>ed<\/span> his <\/span>c<\/span>ommittee <\/span>to <\/span>see <\/span>if <\/span>any <\/span>further <\/span>legal <\/span>action <\/span>could <\/span>be taken <\/span>to stop <\/span>the <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> deal<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nBoth W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>and Philco <\/span>believed <\/span>that <\/span>they had <\/span>every <\/span>legal <\/span>right to <\/span>challenge <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>swap<\/span>. They <\/span>claim<\/span>ed<\/span> that <\/span>RKO<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>legal<\/span> actions<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>occurring <\/span>only <\/span>a<\/span>fter all <\/span>the <\/span>parties <\/span>involved <\/span>in the deal <\/span>had signed the consent decree<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>seemed to directly <\/span>challenge <\/span>both <\/span>the <\/span>DOJ\u2019s legal authority<\/span> and its position<\/span> in this matter<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNew NBC Roadblock: Rep. <\/span>Celler<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>In this instance, t<\/span>he <\/span>reluctance <\/span>of <\/span>the U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>dispute <\/span>RKO\u2019s <\/span>rather <\/span>narrow in<\/span>terpretation of the law <\/span>followed by <\/span>a <\/span>mis<\/span>representation of <\/span>its <\/span>own<\/span> <\/span>submitted <\/span>petition <\/span>sent <\/span>shock<\/span>waves <\/span>throughout<\/span> the<\/span> <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio-<\/span>industry<\/span>. <\/span>Some of the <\/span>best legal minds <\/span>of the day <\/span>seriously <\/span>question<\/span>ed<\/span> the <\/span>DOJ<\/span>\u2019s judgment. <\/span>Logic dictated that if <\/span>the <\/span>recent <\/span>actions <\/span>taken by RKO and NBC <\/span>were <\/span>in <\/span>some way<\/span> <\/span>fraudulent <\/span>then <\/span>why <\/span>didn\u2019t <\/span>the feds <\/span>just <\/span>flat<\/span>ly <\/span>deny<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>request?<\/span> <\/span>Increas<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>opposition<\/span> from <\/span>many <\/span>legal <\/span>circles <\/span>len<\/span>t<\/span> further cred<\/span>ence <\/span>to <\/span>that <\/span>particular <\/span>bone of <\/span>contention<\/span>. <\/span>Yet, nothing was done to <\/span>stop it<\/span>. As you might have alread<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>figured out, <\/span>there was <\/span>much <\/span>more to <\/span>it tha<\/span>n <\/span>what <\/span>first <\/span>met the eye<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Clever l<\/span>egal <\/span>teams <\/span>representing <\/span>RKO<\/span>-<\/span>General<\/span> and <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>very <\/span>well prepared on <\/span>a mul<\/span>ti<\/span>tude <\/span>of legal <\/span>levels. <\/span>The <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>took the lead <\/span>in all of this by having its counsel present <\/span>a <\/span>most <\/span>convincing <\/span>counter argument. <\/span>It claimed <\/span>that <\/span>local <\/span>broadca<\/span>sters <\/span>frequently <\/span>change <\/span>affiliation<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span> few<\/span> <\/span>ever <\/span>thinking twice about<\/span> what had just transpired<\/span>. <\/span>E<\/span>veryday <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>pressures <\/span>that <\/span>rang<\/span>ed<\/span> from <\/span>escalating <\/span>overhead <\/span>costs <\/span>to <\/span>plummeting <\/span>profit<\/span>s <\/span>generally <\/span>took <\/span>center stage <\/span>over <\/span>such inconsequential things as <\/span>changing <\/span>affiliate<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>The prevailing <\/span>feeling <\/span>among <\/span>most <\/span>broadcasters<\/span> <\/span>of that era <\/span>was <\/span>that i<\/span>f <\/span>one affiliate <\/span>did not <\/span>meaningfully <\/span>improve their <\/span>local <\/span>ratings <\/span>the<\/span>n perhaps another <\/span>would<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>hat <\/span>fundamental<\/span> <\/span>legal <\/span>defense <\/span>proved <\/span>very <\/span>effective<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nIn<\/span> a<\/span>n <\/span>unforeseen <\/span>reversal<\/span> in roles<\/span>, <\/span>the U. S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of Justice <\/span>openly <\/span>attacked <\/span>some of <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>harshest <\/span>critics<\/span>. It said <\/span>that <\/span>the network <\/span>had done <\/span>no<\/span>thing<\/span> <\/span>wrong <\/span>legal<\/span>ly <\/span>when it <\/span>submitt<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>to the FCC <\/span>its <\/span>NBC-<\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>petition<\/span> in \u201856<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>two <\/span>networks viewed it as <\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>honest <\/span>swap<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mr. Celler<\/span>\u2019s committee<\/span> <\/span>strongly <\/span>disagreed <\/span>with th<\/span>is <\/span>latest <\/span>DOJ <\/span>contention <\/span>by claiming <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>unusual<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>high <\/span>number of antitrust<\/span>-related<\/span> complaints and violations <\/span>leveled <\/span>against NBC <\/span>in <\/span>the past several <\/span>years <\/span>required <\/span>that <\/span>the<\/span> federal<\/span> courts <\/span>begin to <\/span>re-<\/span>examine whether <\/span>that network <\/span>had <\/span>indeed <\/span>violat<\/span>ed <\/span>the Sherman Act<\/span> durin<\/span>g negotiation<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In a<\/span>n equally<\/span> <\/span>alarming <\/span>move, t<\/span>he <\/span>U.S. <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> <\/span>District Court in Philadelphia in June 1960 <\/span>re<\/span>jected <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>earlier <\/span>appeal <\/span>call<\/span>ing <\/span>for <\/span>the feds t<\/span>o <\/span>deny <\/span>the <\/span>current <\/span>RKO-NBC <\/span>station trade<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNBC-RKO Deal in Court Again,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>July 4, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Department\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>legal counsel <\/span>further <\/span>stunned <\/span>leaders in the <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>industry<\/span> <\/span>when it said <\/span>that <\/span>if <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>should <\/span>decide<\/span> <\/span>in the next <\/span>several<\/span> months <\/span>to pull <\/span>its affiliation <\/span>from <\/span>one or more <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>stations <\/span>in question <\/span>that <\/span>its <\/span>actions <\/span>would <\/span>not <\/span>be <\/span>construed as <\/span>directly <\/span>violating <\/span>its <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>consent <\/span>decree.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> Th<\/span>at <\/span>180<\/span>-<\/span>degree <\/span>reversal <\/span>by <\/span>the DOJ<\/span> <\/span>greatly <\/span>angered<\/span> <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>higher ups<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>felt <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> had <\/span>somehow <\/span>be<\/span>trayed them <\/span>at a time <\/span>when <\/span>they <\/span>needed <\/span>the <\/span>fed<\/span>s <\/span>to <\/span>re<\/span>medy <\/span>this <\/span>alleged <\/span>wrong<\/span>. Of course, <\/span>WBC <\/span>publicists <\/span>w<\/span>ere<\/span> smart enough <\/span>not <\/span>to <\/span>vent out <\/span>their <\/span>frustration to the <\/span>general <\/span>public<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>knew <\/span>that <\/span>the adverse <\/span>publicity <\/span>res<\/span>ulting f<\/span>rom <\/span>s<\/span>uch <\/span>an<\/span> <\/span>unconcealed <\/span>attack <\/span>against <\/span>a <\/span>media giant, <\/span>such as NBC<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>would <\/span>unquestionably<\/span> have serious repercussions for both the Westinghouse Broadcasting Company and its many successful affiliates including KYW-Cleveland<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nHowever, t<\/span>h<\/span>e <\/span>hesitancy o<\/span>n the part of <\/span>the <\/span>feds <\/span>to deny the RKO<\/span>-NBC<\/span> petition <\/span>outright <\/span>greatly <\/span>worr<\/span>ied<\/span> W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>legal <\/span>counsel<\/span>. <\/span>What if in the process <\/span>of reviewing the current exchange proposal <\/span>federal <\/span>officials <\/span>should decide that the <\/span>\u201956 <\/span>station <\/span>exchange <\/span>was <\/span>indeed <\/span>illegal <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>might <\/span>compel <\/span>NBC and WBC to return their stations <\/span>to <\/span>their <\/span>original <\/span>cities?<\/span> <\/span>Such action <\/span>might not be <\/span>viewed <\/span>as <\/span>earthshattering<\/span> by the <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio industry <\/span>in <\/span>general<\/span>,<\/span> but <\/span>it would <\/span>certainly <\/span>prove <\/span>costly <\/span>and time consuming <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>two <\/span>n<\/span>etworks<\/span> involved<\/span>. <\/span>Nevertheless<\/span>, <\/span>both <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>and WRCV<\/span>-Philadelphia <\/span>began preparing for <\/span>just such an event should it<\/span> <\/span>develop<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>O<\/span>dd<\/span>s <\/span>makers <\/span>in the <\/span>spring<\/span> of \u2018<\/span>60<\/span> <\/span>said that the<\/span> chances of <\/span>the <\/span>federal <\/span>courts <\/span>reversing th<\/span>at <\/span>earlier <\/span>FCC <\/span>decision <\/span>were slim to none<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span>y said that the<\/span> worst <\/span>might <\/span>be that <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span> <\/span>would <\/span>receive a generous<\/span> <\/span>check <\/span>from<\/span> NBC<\/span> <\/span>to cover any <\/span>inconvenience<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>WBC <\/span>might have <\/span>experienced <\/span>during <\/span>its <\/span>relocation<\/span> <\/span>to Cleveland <\/span>nearly a decade earlier<\/span>. <\/span>But, that would <\/span>surely <\/span>be the extent of <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span>\r\n\r\nConcerning <\/span>the <\/span>pending <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General <\/span>request, <\/span>W<\/span>BC\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>legal team <\/span>presented <\/span>a very strong argument <\/span>saying <\/span>that if <\/span>the <\/span>feds <\/span>approve<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>the petition <\/span>unconditionally <\/span>that <\/span>would <\/span>lead to <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>gain<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>control <\/span>of <\/span>five of th<\/span>is nation\u2019s <\/span>t<\/span>op <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>markets<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNew NBC Roadblock: Rep. <\/span>Celler<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0Equally <\/span>import<\/span>ant, it would <\/span>nullify <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Department<\/span> of Justice\u2019s <\/span>consent <\/span>decree<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s legal team<\/span> concluded that the <\/span>many <\/span>complaints <\/span>leveled <\/span>against <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>over th<\/span>e past decade <\/span>were <\/span>very much <\/span>warranted<\/span> <\/span>based on its <\/span>malicious <\/span>and <\/span>willfully<\/span> <\/span>repeated <\/span>violat<\/span>ions of <\/span>the current <\/span>federal <\/span>law<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>If that was <\/span>proven <\/span>to be <\/span>true that <\/span>might <\/span>well <\/span>set in<\/span>to<\/span> motion <\/span>specific legal actions <\/span>designed <\/span>to <\/span>overturn <\/span>a<\/span> rejected <\/span>WBC appeal <\/span>adjudicated <\/span>previously <\/span>by <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> <\/span>U.S. District Court<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>Judge William H. Kirkpatrick<\/span>. <\/span>You might <\/span>also <\/span>remember <\/span>that <\/span>in <\/span>rendering that decision <\/span>Judge <\/span>Kirkpatrick<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>contend<\/span>ed <\/span>that <\/span>his actions were prompted by his <\/span>limited <\/span>jurisdiction <\/span>powers <\/span>that <\/span>only <\/span>permitted <\/span>th<\/span>os<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>parties <\/span>directly <\/span>involved in the <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>consent decree to apply to <\/span>his <\/span>court for <\/span>additional<\/span> orders. <\/span>A<\/span>fter <\/span>ha<\/span>ving <\/span>made<\/span> the <\/span>rounds<\/span>,<\/span> th<\/span>at<\/span> yet to be <\/span>resolved <\/span>RKO<\/span>-NBC<\/span> <\/span>petition<\/span> <\/span>returned to <\/span>the <\/span>same U.S. <\/span>District Court<\/span> <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>that July<\/span> for <\/span>additional <\/span>consideration<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAs w<\/span>as<\/span> mentioned <\/span>previously<\/span>, <\/span>Keith Morris\u2019s tenure <\/span>at KY<\/span>-11<\/span> <\/span>proved <\/span>to be very <\/span>short-<\/span>lived<\/span>. H<\/span>owever, he soon <\/span>re<\/span>appeared <\/span>on WHK<\/span>-Radio<\/span>. H<\/span>is <\/span>replace<\/span>ment <\/span>at KYW <\/span>was <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>Youngstown<\/span> <\/span>DJ called <\/span>Frank \u201c<\/span>Swingin<\/span>\u2019 Sweeney <\/span>(1933-2017)<\/span>. Joining <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>t<\/span>eam <\/span>that <\/span>same summer<\/span>, <\/span>Sweeney <\/span>split <\/span>his <\/span>evening <\/span>duties<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>promotional department <\/span>proudly <\/span>proclaimed <\/span>\u201cThe Swing\u2019s to Sweeney, <\/span>Swingin<\/span>! Sweeney That Is,\u201d<\/span> As <\/span>we <\/span>will <\/span>soon <\/span>see<\/span>, <\/span>he <\/span>was a <\/span>wild and <\/span>crazy <\/span>guy who <\/span>provided <\/span>all <\/span>sorts <\/span>of <\/span>fun <\/span>contest<\/span>s<\/span> for his <\/span>loyal <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>. <\/span>Viewed from the <\/span>beginning <\/span>as <\/span>a <\/span>pace<\/span>setter <\/span>for <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>growing <\/span>teen<\/span> audience<\/span>, <\/span>Frank <\/span>Sweeney <\/span>was <\/span>well <\/span>worth his weight in gold<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In terms of <\/span>the <\/span>current <\/span>Phil<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>situation<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>proudly <\/span>declared <\/span>a small victory <\/span>in July 19<\/span>60 <\/span>when <\/span>the <\/span>feds <\/span>didn\u2019t <\/span>convene <\/span>their<\/span> <\/span>WCVR <\/span>license renewal<\/span> hearing<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cNBC-RKO Deal in Court Again,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>July 4, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>F<\/span>ederal officials <\/span>also <\/span>thr<\/span>ew <\/span>out <\/span>Philco<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>earlier <\/span>charges <\/span>against <\/span>NBC<\/span>. <\/span>Yet throughout it all<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>RKO<\/span>-<\/span>General <\/span>propos<\/span>al <\/span>remained on the <\/span>table<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>I<\/span>n a last ditched effort<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Philco<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>attorneys <\/span>reminded the <\/span>U.S. 3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> District C<\/span>ourt <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>that <\/span>the DOJ <\/span>consent decree <\/span>specified that RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>could <\/span>no longer <\/span>either <\/span>own<\/span> <\/span>or operate <\/span>WCVR<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Many legal experts <\/span>at that moment seriously <\/span>wondered <\/span>whether <\/span>that <\/span>legal <\/span>argument would <\/span>hold up <\/span>in <\/span>the federal <\/span>court<\/span>s<\/span> should <\/span>the F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>omm<\/span>unications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> <\/span>reverse its <\/span>earlier <\/span>decision <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>\u201956 s<\/span>wap.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nMeanwhile on<\/span> the home front, a<\/span> <\/span>July \u201960 <\/span>Westinghouse ad <\/span>proudly<\/span> proclaimed that its radio network <\/span>now <\/span>b<\/span>roadcasted <\/span>more <\/span>music, <\/span>news, service announcements<\/span>, traffic alerts<\/span> and<\/span> weather <\/span>reports <\/span>than <\/span>anyone<\/span> else<\/span>. <\/span>It also <\/span>pointed out that its <\/span>consistent <\/span>high <\/span>rat<\/span>ings meant <\/span>even <\/span>greater <\/span>sales <\/span>for <\/span>advertisers<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>bought large blocks of <\/span>KYW-Radio <\/span>airtime<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>intensifying <\/span>public <\/span>demand <\/span>for <\/span>more <\/span>national and international <\/span>news<\/span> <\/span>convinced <\/span>the <\/span>WBC Board of Directors <\/span>to <\/span>increase the <\/span>number of <\/span>its <\/span>Washington<\/span> <\/span>bureau<\/span>\u2019s phone lines<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWBC Makes Own New Network,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> J<\/span>uly 25, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>It<\/span> sai<\/span>d that any <\/span>financial losses <\/span>incurred <\/span>by stations <\/span>in <\/span>addi<\/span>ng those <\/span>lines <\/span>would be <\/span>made up <\/span>on<\/span>c<\/span>e <\/span>the system <\/span>was <\/span>ful<\/span>ly operational<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A new program debuted <\/span>in the <\/span>summer <\/span>of <\/span>19<\/span>60 <\/span>to <\/span>very <\/span>positive <\/span>local <\/span>reviews<\/span>. Called \u201cPoliscope,\u201d <\/span>it replaced the <\/span>night<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>Jazz Show.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 29, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>S<\/span>ome <\/span>highly <\/span>incensed <\/span>listeners <\/span>were <\/span>very much <\/span>distracted by <\/span>the <\/span>booming <\/span>voice<\/span>over<\/span> <\/span>now <\/span>heard at <\/span>all <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>break<\/span>.<\/span> Apparently, it <\/span>not only <\/span>overpowered <\/span>the music <\/span>being <\/span>played<\/span>; but also, <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>reminding <\/span>everyone <\/span>that <\/span>th<\/span>e station <\/span>was <\/span>a <\/span>public service<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Emerson <\/span>Batdorff<\/span>, \u201cYou and Your Hi-Fi,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em>, July 30, 1960.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Personnel<\/span> changes <\/span>t<\/span>hat <\/span>August <\/span>saw <\/span>Jack Linn, a <\/span>fo<\/span>r<\/span>mer <\/span>Accounting <\/span>Executive at <\/span>Howson Advertising<\/span> <\/span>bec<\/span>om<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>newest <\/span>National Sales Rep<\/span>resentative<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That <\/span>announcement <\/span>was <\/span>on the heels of <\/span>the arrival of <\/span>Jack N. Bennett<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Formerly of <\/span>WCAR-<\/span>Detroit<\/span>, <\/span>Bennett <\/span>assumed the role of <\/span>KYW <\/span>News Editor<\/span>. At the same time, <\/span>Perry M. Beaumont<\/span> <\/span>took over as <\/span>that station\u2019s <\/span>lead <\/span>salesmen<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cFates and Fortunes,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 1, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nT<\/span>he Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>reminded <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>many <\/span>listeners <\/span>that <\/span>if <\/span>they <\/span>intended <\/span>to <\/span>lodge a <\/span>phone<\/span> <\/span>complaint<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>any Friday<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u2019s\u201d <\/span>newest <\/span>segment <\/span>\u201cWhat\u2019s on Your Mind\u201d <\/span>expect <\/span>to <\/span>talk to Carl Stern <\/span>and <\/span>not Specs Howard.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Stern <\/span>w<\/span>ill <\/span>gladly <\/span>tape <\/span>your <\/span>complaint <\/span>for <\/span>that night\u2019s <\/span>broadcast<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cFrom Mouse Club to Zorro,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 6, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>he first week of August<\/span> <\/span>saw <\/span>the <\/span>hotly contested <\/span>legal <\/span>debate <\/span>over <\/span>the RKO<\/span>-NBC<\/span> petition <\/span>rear its u<\/span>gly <\/span>head<\/span> <\/span>once <\/span>again<\/span>. <\/span>WBC\u2019s legal <\/span>eagles <\/span>a<\/span>sked <\/span>the F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>o <\/span>re<\/span>consider <\/span>RKO General<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>petition <\/span>along with <\/span>related <\/span>trafficking licenses <\/span>and <\/span>construction permits.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWBC Asks Transfer Hearing,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 8, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>The team further <\/span>reminded the <\/span>feds <\/span>that any <\/span>hasty <\/span>decision<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>on their part<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>might <\/span>well <\/span>be <\/span>perceived <\/span>as <\/span>not <\/span>properly <\/span>serv<\/span>ing <\/span>the <\/span>public\u2019s <\/span>best interests<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>same <\/span>summer<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>FCC\u2019s <\/span>Radio Advertising Bureau released a<\/span> <\/span>report <\/span>that <\/span>included, <\/span>amo<\/span>n<\/span>g other things<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>latest <\/span>percentage<\/span>s<\/span> of teenagers <\/span>l<\/span>isten<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span> from <\/span>4 p.m. to <\/span>Mid<\/span>night<\/span>. <\/span>Th<\/span>ose <\/span>percent<\/span>age<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>hovered <\/span>around <\/span>10% to 11% depending on the hour<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cWho Listens?\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>During that same period, W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>advertising agency <\/span>boasted <\/span>that <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland <\/span>provid<\/span>ed the <\/span>b<\/span>est <\/span>news <\/span>coverage in <\/span>Greater <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>. Local ratings substantiated <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>claim <\/span>as <\/span>the station again <\/span>achieved <\/span>number one <\/span>ranking<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW is Way Up in Cleveland!\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em>, September 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>triumph <\/span>seemed <\/span>even more <\/span>impressive <\/span>considering the fact <\/span>that <\/span>KY-11 <\/span>was <\/span>not <\/span>technically <\/span>a <\/span>Top 40<\/span> <\/span>rock and roll radio <\/span>station<\/span>. <\/span>I<\/span>t still played <\/span>a wide <\/span>variety of <\/span>music<\/span> geared for <\/span>different <\/span>age groups<\/span>. <\/span>However, <\/span>its <\/span>diverse <\/span>musical <\/span>format <\/span>did not <\/span>stop <\/span>it <\/span>from <\/span>playing <\/span>more <\/span>and more <\/span>hours of <\/span>rock and roll music<\/span> as the months<\/span> <\/span>passe<\/span>d<\/span>. <\/span>Knowing <\/span>that rock and roll music <\/span>was a <\/span>growing <\/span>national <\/span>phenomenon<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>with no end in sight<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>persuaded <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>shrewd <\/span>programmers <\/span>to <\/span>devote<\/span> <\/span>more <\/span>air<\/span>time <\/span>to <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAdding <\/span>Swingin'<\/span> Sweeney <\/span>to the <\/span>daily <\/span>lineup <\/span>in <\/span>July <\/span>19<\/span>60 <\/span>represented <\/span>a<\/span> sincere <\/span>attempt <\/span>by <\/span>its <\/span>program<\/span> coordinators <\/span>t<\/span>o appeal <\/span>more <\/span>directly to <\/span>the <\/span>emergent <\/span>number of <\/span>teen<\/span>s that <\/span>were increasingly <\/span>listen<\/span>ing to <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>n offbeat kind of <\/span>guy<\/span>, Sweeney<\/span> <\/span>appeared to understand <\/span>the <\/span>deep-<\/span>rooted emotions<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>touched <\/span>m<\/span>ost <\/span>young people<\/span>. <\/span>Without a d<\/span>oubt, <\/span>he <\/span>was <\/span>a <\/span>\u201cwild and crazy\u201d <\/span>guy <\/span>a<\/span>s <\/span>everyone <\/span>in <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>knew<\/span>. But, he was <\/span>also <\/span>lots of <\/span>fun. <\/span>To illustrate th<\/span>at <\/span>last <\/span>point, <\/span>Sweeney <\/span>helped many teens <\/span>overc<\/span>o<\/span>me <\/span>the summer<\/span>time<\/span> doldrums <\/span>by offering <\/span>them <\/span>a <\/span>fantastic<\/span> <\/span>contest. It <\/span>began with him <\/span>dressing up <\/span>like <\/span>a jungle character <\/span>and <\/span>swinging from cage bars in the Cleveland Zoo.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cNew Disk Jockey Swung Into Town on Big Grapevine,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>September 4, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Contest<\/span>ants <\/span>first <\/span>had to <\/span>track <\/span>hi<\/span>m down <\/span>by following<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>detailed <\/span>clues <\/span>provided by <\/span>the <\/span>studio<\/span>. Once <\/span>they <\/span>found<\/span> him<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>they <\/span>then <\/span>had to <\/span>carr<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>him back to the station <\/span>seated <\/span>in<\/span> a <\/span>plush<\/span> <\/span>sedan chair. <\/span>Participants <\/span>finally<\/span> had to <\/span>place<\/span> <\/span>him <\/span>next to <\/span>his favorite turntable <\/span>where <\/span>he announced <\/span>the winner<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>His <\/span>audience loved <\/span>such <\/span>wacky <\/span>adventures<\/span>!<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nA former W<\/span>GAR<\/span> <\/span>jock <\/span>named <\/span>Hal Morgan <\/span>(1916-1988) <\/span>joined <\/span>the <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>staff <\/span>at the end of <\/span>August<\/span> where he <\/span>stay<\/span>ed <\/span>for four years<\/span>. <\/span>He <\/span>replaced Ronnie Barrett whose <\/span>job <\/span>responsibilities <\/span>were <\/span>chang<\/span>ing<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cPaige to Have Male Exercise Competition,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 22, 1960.<\/span><\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>An article <\/span>published <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>October <\/span>19<\/span>6<\/span>0 issue of <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span> <\/span>explored <\/span>the <\/span>many <\/span>reasons<\/span> <\/span>why <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>successful <\/span>new <\/span>business m<\/span>odel<\/span> worked so well<\/span> in so many places<\/span>. <\/span>Now a listening <\/span>companion at <\/span>both <\/span>home and work, <\/span>modern<\/span>-day <\/span>radio fans <\/span>more and more <\/span>turn to <\/span>one station to supply them with <\/span>their daily <\/span>news and entertainment <\/span>rather than <\/span>s<\/span>kip around the <\/span>AM <\/span>dial<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cThe Westinghouse Approach to Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Acc<\/span>ording to<\/span> Don<\/span> <\/span>McGannon, <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>jocks <\/span>not only <\/span>encouraged <\/span>a <\/span>loyal <\/span>following<\/span> by offering them <\/span>exactly <\/span>what they wanted most<\/span>; but <\/span>also, <\/span>did <\/span>everything<\/span> <\/span>within their power <\/span>to <\/span>become active members of <\/span>the community they <\/span>so proudly <\/span>serve<\/span>d<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>further s<\/span>tated <\/span>that the news <\/span>coming out of <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>ashington <\/span>B<\/span>ureau <\/span>was <\/span>far <\/span>superior to <\/span>many <\/span>of its competitors<\/span> in that <\/span>one size did not fit all. <\/span>In fact, the news items broadcasted daily out of the Washington Bureau <\/span>were <\/span>customized to <\/span>suit <\/span>the needs of its <\/span>different <\/span>station<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span> staple <\/span>of <\/span>all <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>outlets;<\/span> <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>had <\/span>done <\/span>the <\/span>unthinkable <\/span>when <\/span>they <\/span>successfully combined the best in local<\/span> <\/span>news <\/span>coverage <\/span>with <\/span>the finest <\/span>commentary.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nDon <\/span>McGannon<\/span> <\/span>additionally <\/span>re<\/span>minded everyone <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>emerging<\/span> <\/span>electronic media <\/span>represente<\/span>d <\/span>a <\/span>new and <\/span>effective <\/span>way <\/span>in which <\/span>to <\/span>advertis<\/span>e <\/span>the latest <\/span>products and services <\/span>to the <\/span>biggest<\/span> possible<\/span> <\/span>fan<\/span> base<\/span>. <\/span>Since W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>led <\/span>in <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>up and coming <\/span>field <\/span>it made perfect sense for advertiser<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>to avail themselves of <\/span>that network\u2019s <\/span>many <\/span>affordable <\/span>new <\/span>services and<\/span> <\/span>v<\/span>ast <\/span>technical <\/span>resources<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Following a<\/span>n eighteen month <\/span>pause <\/span>\u201cTraffic Court\u201d return<\/span>ed to <\/span>the <\/span>KYW<\/span> airways <\/span>starting <\/span>October 4<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cTraffic Court Returns to Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 2, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>Ohio <\/span>Supreme Court <\/span>ruled <\/span>that <\/span>Municipal <\/span>Canon <\/span># <\/span>35 did not apply to courtroom <\/span>sessions <\/span>scheduled to be <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>at a <\/span>later<\/span> time<\/span>. That <\/span>court ruling <\/span>over<\/span>turned <\/span>an <\/span>earlier<\/span> <\/span>decision<\/span> <\/span>that had <\/span>bann<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>it<\/span>. <\/span>Some <\/span>new <\/span>industry<\/span>-wide<\/span> <\/span>guidelines <\/span>strongly recommended that <\/span>AM <\/span>radio stations <\/span>should <\/span>make every effort <\/span>possible <\/span>to <\/span>air <\/span>more <\/span>h<\/span>o<\/span>me grown <\/span>programs<\/span>. Th<\/span>ey <\/span>should also <\/span>try <\/span>to be <\/span>friendl<\/span>ier<\/span>; <\/span>more <\/span>humorous<\/span> <\/span>and show <\/span>greater <\/span>empathy <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>problems affecting <\/span>their <\/span>listening audience<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cThe Real Meaning of Modern Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 3, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0KY-11 did <\/span>all of that <\/span>admirably<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nNineteen <\/span>Fifty-N<\/span>ine <\/span>e<\/span>xpenses <\/span>for <\/span>select <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>outlets <\/span>stood at <\/span>a whopping <\/span>$5<\/span>.<\/span>44<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>hile <\/span>their <\/span>combined <\/span>annual <\/span>income<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>topp<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>$634,628.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cSelected Revenue Items and Broadcasting Revenues, Expenses and Income,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>October 24, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Sales <\/span>for <\/span>that year <\/span>had <\/span>exceeded <\/span>the <\/span>$3<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>mark <\/span>w<\/span>ith <\/span>national<\/span> and <\/span>regional sales <\/span>equaling <\/span>$3<\/span>.<\/span>12<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The return of Ken Courtwright (1935-2010<\/span>) to the KYW airways revitalize<\/span>d<\/span> w<\/span>eekend radio <\/span>news<\/span>casts<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cTakeoff on Politics Too Light Hearted,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 25, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Unexpectedly, o<\/span>ne of <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>Chief <\/span>P<\/span>romotors <\/span>Janet K. Byers <\/span>resigned <\/span>to <\/span>assume <\/span>similar duties at KFWB<\/span> in <\/span>Los Angeles. <\/span>A <\/span>highly<\/span>-respected <\/span>business manager <\/span>from <\/span>KQV-<\/span>Pittsburgh<\/span> <\/span>Frank Maruca took over her<\/span> <\/span>responsibilities<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cFates and Fortunes,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>October 31, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>VP<\/span> F<\/span>rank<\/span> <\/span>Tooke<\/span> <\/span>proudly announced <\/span>that <\/span>this AM station <\/span>would <\/span>continue to <\/span>p<\/span>lay <\/span>lots of <\/span>rock and roll music<\/span> <\/span>along<\/span> with <\/span>plenty of <\/span>folk music<\/span>, <\/span>jazz<\/span>, standard ballads<\/span> <\/span>and show tunes<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>He believed that t<\/span>he key to success <\/span>in <\/span>l<\/span>ocal broadcasting wa<\/span>s <\/span>to maintain <\/span>a <\/span>balance<\/span> in the kind of records <\/span>played daily<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cBeautiful Music Pays Big Dividends,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 6, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>November <\/span>1960 <\/span>saw the return of <\/span>the <\/span>highly anticipated <\/span>Higbee\u2019s <\/span>Christmas Open House. <\/span>As always, i<\/span>t <\/span>showcased <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>top <\/span>radio personalities <\/span>a<\/span>s well as <\/span>some of <\/span>the <\/span>best <\/span>performers <\/span>in the <\/span>recording <\/span>industry<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cChristmas Open House,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>year\u2019s <\/span>lineup included <\/span>Conway Twitty, the Playmates, the Orchettes and Carl Dobkins Jr.<\/span>\r\n\r\nA new <\/span>and <\/span>exciting <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>personality <\/span>entered the <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>scene <\/span>later <\/span>that month<\/span>. Tom <\/span>E. <\/span>Griffith<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>(1937-2011) <\/span>was <\/span>un<\/span>doubt<\/span>edly<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>n important <\/span>part <\/span>of th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>exciting <\/span>sound<\/span> that made <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>particular <\/span>radio <\/span>station <\/span>so <\/span>great<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cSaturday Radio Program Schedules, Schedule of Sunday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 19, 1960.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>WBC b<\/span>oard <\/span>members <\/span>congratulated Barton Clausen on <\/span>his <\/span>recent election to <\/span>the <\/span>Cleveland City Club\u2019s <\/span>Board of Directors<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cFour Elected as Directors of City Club,\u201d Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 6, 1960.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The Kiplinger <\/span>Report<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>daily <\/span>business <\/span>s<\/span>ynopsis t<\/span>hat <\/span>among other things <\/span>rated <\/span>the sturdiness as well as quality of <\/span>consumer <\/span>products, <\/span>now<\/span> <\/span>filled <\/span>the <\/span>10:30 <\/span>p.m. <\/span>weekday<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>lot<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cCleveland Plain Dealer Radio Programs, KYW-1100 KC,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 8, 1960.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It <\/span>fit<\/span>ted<\/span> in well with <\/span>the <\/span>existing <\/span>evening <\/span>news<\/span>casts<\/span> and talk shows<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span> year-end <\/span>i<\/span>nvestigation<\/span> <\/span>by the National Labor Relations Board <\/span>based on <\/span>assertions made <\/span>by <\/span>the National Association of Broadcasting Employees and Technicians <\/span>that <\/span>KYW <\/span>had improperly <\/span>discharg<\/span>ed several <\/span>custodians <\/span>before <\/span>mov<\/span>ing <\/span>into <\/span>its new studios <\/span>was <\/span>little more <\/span>than<\/span> a <\/span>misunderstanding<\/span>. T<\/span>he<\/span>ir <\/span>contract <\/span>with WBC <\/span>did not <\/span>expire until January 31, <\/span>19<\/span>61<\/span>.[footnote]John W. Rees, \u201cOhio Forge, Union Agree on Contract,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 9, 1960.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On a <\/span>more personal<\/span> <\/span>note<\/span>, <\/span>KYW commemorated <\/span>Christmas Eve <\/span>by <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>a three<\/span>-<\/span>hour <\/span>tree trimming <\/span>music<\/span>al extravaganza<\/span> hosted by Tom Griffiths<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cMusic to Trim Your Tree By,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 24, 1960.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The show was intended <\/span>to<\/span> ma<\/span>k<\/span>e that <\/span>challeng<\/span>e <\/span>easier.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nN<\/span>ineteen sixty-two <\/span>began <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> District Court <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>den<\/span>ying <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>latest <\/span>appeal<\/span> <\/span>disallow<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> <\/span>petition<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cWestinghouse loses NBC-RKO Appeal, Supreme Court Denies Status in Station Swap Case,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, December 26, 1960.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>On <\/span>a <\/span>much <\/span>brighter <\/span>and happier <\/span>note<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>improved<\/span> <\/span>KYW<\/span>-<\/span>FM <\/span>signal <\/span>now <\/span>covered <\/span>twenty-seven <\/span>Northern Ohio<\/span> counties<\/span>. That represented <\/span>3<\/span>3<\/span>% of <\/span>that <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>listening area.[footnote]\u201cFM Station Key,\u201d U.S. Radio<\/em>, January 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In order to keep <\/span>the <\/span>enthusiasm <\/span>of its listeners <\/span>up<\/span> during the dreary winter months<\/span> of <\/span>\u2018<\/span>61<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>introduced <\/span>yet <\/span>another <\/span>promotion<\/span>al campaign<\/span>. <\/span>This time<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the station asked <\/span>everyone <\/span>to<\/span> come up with a <\/span>catchy <\/span>new <\/span>stage <\/span>name for <\/span>its <\/span>lat<\/span>est <\/span>jock <\/span>Tom Griffiths.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cMozart Lovers Unite and Swamp WDOK,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, January 17, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>After some deliberation, <\/span>the listeners decided on <\/span>Griff Thomas<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>The U.S. Bureau of Labor <\/span>Statistics <\/span><\/span>Occupational<\/span><\/em> Outlook Handbook<\/span><\/span><\/em> reported that <\/span>the need for <\/span>well-paid<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>announcers <\/span>had lessened considerably <\/span>in many of this nation\u2019s <\/span>largest markets due to the growing <\/span>industry-wide <\/span>dependence <\/span>on <\/span>a new technical breakthrough called <\/span>automated broadcasting<\/span>. However, <\/span>broadcasters within <\/span>smaller communities still <\/span>relied <\/span>on <\/span>them<\/span>.<\/span> In <\/span>our <\/span>big<\/span>gest cities<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>broadcasters might <\/span>earn<\/span> <\/span>anywhere <\/span>from <\/span>$13,000 <\/span>to <\/span>$25,000<\/span> a<\/span> year<\/span>.[footnote]Bureau of Labor Stats, \u201cRadio and Television Announcers,\u201d Occupational Outlook Handbook<\/em>, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nCleveland <\/span>newspapers that <\/span>February <\/span>reported <\/span>that <\/span>negotiations between W<\/span>BC <\/span>officials <\/span>and KYW <\/span>engineers <\/span>had reached a fever<\/span>ous<\/span>, new<\/span> <\/span>pitch<\/span>.[footnote]John W. Rees, \u201cKYW Pact Talks Go Past Deadline,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, February 1, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The National Association of Broadcast Engineers & Technicians <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>complained <\/span>that the <\/span>station<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>recent <\/span>wage <\/span>offer<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>utterly <\/span>un<\/span>reasonable<\/span>. <\/span>U<\/span>nion <\/span>reps <\/span>sought <\/span>out <\/span>a <\/span>$17<\/span> <\/span>wage increase <\/span>for <\/span>employees <\/span>who <\/span>ma<\/span>de<\/span> <\/span>$171 a week. Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>shrewd <\/span>negotiat<\/span>ing team <\/span>responded to that demand by <\/span>point<\/span>ing<\/span> out <\/span>th<\/span>at th<\/span>e <\/span>present <\/span>salary <\/span>cap <\/span>for KYW <\/span>employees <\/span>was <\/span>not $171 <\/span>a week; <\/span>but rather<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>$162.50 <\/span>and that the<\/span> team was <\/span>prepared to <\/span>offer <\/span>$175 <\/span>plus <\/span>the <\/span>right <\/span>to discipline workers <\/span>who <\/span>refused to <\/span>cross <\/span>union <\/span>picket line<\/span>s<\/span> during strikes<\/span>.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Before agreeing to the <\/span>new <\/span>wage <\/span>package,<\/span> t<\/span>he union <\/span>insisted <\/span>that <\/span>the station <\/span>hir<\/span>e <\/span>more <\/span>part-time <\/span>employees<\/span>. <\/span>On a <\/span>positive<\/span> <\/span>note<\/span>, <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>Road Show <\/span>proudly announced that it <\/span>ha<\/span>d<\/span> contributed $53,000 to <\/span>local <\/span>charit<\/span>ies <\/span>over <\/span>the <\/span>past <\/span>three <\/span>year<\/span>s<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cFund Raising,\u201d U.S. Radio<\/em>, February 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Many listeners <\/span>were sad<\/span> <\/span>to learn <\/span>that <\/span>Tom Manning <\/span>was <\/span>about to <\/span>retir<\/span>e<\/span> from broadcasting<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>had been a sports announcer at WTAM and KYW for <\/span>the past <\/span>thirty-five <\/span>years. Among his many <\/span>achievements<\/span>, <\/span>Tom <\/span>Manning <\/span>had <\/span>received <\/span><\/span>Sporting <\/span>News<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>Outstanding Sports Announcer Award<\/span> in <\/span>19<\/span>38<\/span>.[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cManning Ends 35 Years on Air,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, February 1, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nIn early 19<\/span>61, <\/span>\u201cProgram<\/span> <\/span>PM\u201d <\/span>introduced <\/span>a <\/span>brand <\/span>new segment <\/span>to its night broadcast <\/span>called \u201cCounseling Session<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Hosted<\/span> by Carl Stern, <\/span>it <\/span>examined <\/span>some of the <\/span>recent <\/span>divorce cases <\/span>handled <\/span>by <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>Jewish Family Services.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cReal Divorce Cases to Be Dramatized,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, February 7, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Social workers <\/span>from that <\/span>very <\/span>respected <\/span>locally-based <\/span>institution <\/span>carefully <\/span>examined <\/span>and then <\/span>discusses <\/span>those <\/span>files<\/span> in detail<\/span>. <\/span>That <\/span>February<\/span>, KYW programmers <\/span>introduced <\/span>a<\/span> new, <\/span>abbreviated <\/span>newscast <\/span>that was broadcasted right <\/span>in the <\/span>mid<\/span>dle <\/span>of \u201cProgram PM.\u201d In a<\/span>n <\/span>unexpected move, <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s Board of Directors <\/span>announced <\/span>th<\/span>e appointment of <\/span>Perry B. Bascom (<\/span>1924<\/span>-1997<\/span>) as <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>lat<\/span>est<\/span> <\/span>GM<\/span>.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cSpring Must Be Near; Radio Stations Buzz,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, February 14, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>This <\/span>highly <\/span>experienced <\/span>manager <\/span>replac<\/span>ed<\/span> Carl <\/span>Vandergrift<\/span> <\/span>who <\/span>had <\/span>taken over <\/span>the r<\/span>esponsibilities <\/span>of <\/span>WBC <\/span>Special Programs <\/span>Coordinator. Before coming to <\/span>Cleveland,<\/span> Bascom had <\/span>served as <\/span>an Account Executive at WIP<\/span>-<\/span>Philadelphia as<\/span> well as <\/span>the <\/span>National Radio Sales <\/span>Manager <\/span>for Westinghouse<\/span> in <\/span>New <\/span>York<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cFates and Fortunes,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, February 20, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nB<\/span>eginning <\/span>that <\/span>March<\/span>,<\/span> Eugene M. Plumstead<\/span> (1916-1992) <\/span>took over<\/span> the <\/span>reins<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>state-of-the-art <\/span>P<\/span>rogram <\/span>Coordinator<\/span>. <\/span>P<\/span>reviously<\/span>, he had<\/span> <\/span>been <\/span>VP at <\/span>Plough Broadcasting Company.[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cLife\u2019s TV Show: One Thing after Another,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 3, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A<\/span>t the same time<\/span>, <\/span>Bud <\/span>Wendell<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>highly <\/span>distinguished <\/span>nighttime talk show host, <\/span>had <\/span>become<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>L<\/span>ate <\/span>N<\/span>ight <\/span>P<\/span>rogramming<\/span> <\/span>Coordinator<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>For the second year in a row, W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>corporate <\/span>earnings <\/span>reached an <\/span>impressive <\/span>mark of <\/span>$79<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cWestinghouse Report Cites Broadcast Property,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, March 6, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The <\/span>dazzling <\/span>March<\/span> <\/span>\u2018<\/span>61<\/span> <\/span>KYW-Cleveland <\/span>lineup <\/span>began with <\/span>Big Wilson<\/span> <\/span>mornings <\/span>f<\/span>ollowed by Ronnie Barrett<\/span> and <\/span>Specs Howard<\/span> <\/span>mid<\/span>-day<\/span> and \u201c<\/span>Swingin<\/span>\u2019\u201d Sweeney<\/span> <\/span>afternoon<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>Program PM <\/span>assumed <\/span>the <\/span>early <\/span>evening<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting chores<\/span> <\/span>followed by <\/span>Griff Thomas <\/span>who <\/span>lit up the <\/span>late night <\/span>skies.[footnote]\u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 8, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A <\/span>new <\/span>7:00 p.m. <\/span>national<\/span> broadcast<\/span> <\/span>called \u201cRadio News <\/span>Day \u201cwith<\/span> Jerry Landay <\/span>debuted<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>month<\/span>\u2019s end<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>It <\/span>dealt with <\/span>world <\/span>news, <\/span>in<\/span>-depth<\/span> <\/span>stories<\/span> and important events<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cWestinghouse Starts Own Network News Show,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, March 27, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>New development<\/span>s<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>ste<\/span>m<\/span>ming from <\/span>Philco<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>latest <\/span>attempt to <\/span>stop RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>obtaining <\/span>its <\/span>WRCV license <\/span>renewal<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>suddenly <\/span>appeared<\/span> on the <\/span>legal <\/span>horizon<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cNew Broadcast Licensing Criteria?\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, April 3, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0The DOJ <\/span>again <\/span>re<\/span>minded <\/span>the <\/span>FCC <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>must <\/span>not <\/span>ignore <\/span>its <\/span>consent decree <\/span>when <\/span>ev<\/span>aluating <\/span>the <\/span>National Broadcasting Company<\/span>\u2019s current<\/span> <\/span>request<\/span>. Even if th<\/span>at <\/span>particular <\/span>regulatory agency <\/span>had<\/span> the <\/span>legal <\/span>authority <\/span>to grant <\/span>t<\/span>hat n<\/span>e<\/span>twork <\/span>its <\/span>request <\/span>without <\/span>any <\/span>further discussion<\/span> or review <\/span>that did not mean <\/span>that <\/span>it <\/span>should <\/span>deny <\/span>the <\/span>Philco<\/span> <\/span>Corporation <\/span>the <\/span>legal <\/span>opportunity <\/span>of trying to <\/span>convince it otherwise<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of Justice <\/span>further reminded the <\/span>commissioners<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> once NBC <\/span>divest<\/span>ed<\/span> itself of <\/span>WRCV<\/span>-Philadelphia<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>would <\/span>no<\/span> longer <\/span>ha<\/span>ve <\/span>the <\/span>legal <\/span>right <\/span>to exchange <\/span>any <\/span>other <\/span>company-owned <\/span>station<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>desired <\/span>Boston <\/span>radio and television <\/span>outlets<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nReb Foster <\/span>(1936-2019) <\/span>was <\/span>the latest <\/span>addition to <\/span>th<\/span>e growing <\/span>list of <\/span>\u201c<\/span>groovy<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>jock<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>now <\/span>called <\/span>KYW <\/span>their home<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, April 12, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>H<\/span>is fast-paced approach towards <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting was the <\/span>antithesis <\/span>of his <\/span>immediate predecessor <\/span>the softer sounding <\/span>Dave Hawthorne<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cQuestions, Answers on Timely TV Topics,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, April 15, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>revolutionary <\/span>Megatown<\/span> <\/span>marketing plan <\/span>radically <\/span>changed <\/span>U.S. <\/span>r<\/span>etailing<\/span> <\/span>practices <\/span>forever<\/span>. <\/span>Pre-selling <\/span>items<\/span> and services through <\/span>unfiltered<\/span> <\/span>advertising <\/span>means <\/span>eliminate<\/span>d<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>once and for all<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>cumbersome <\/span>geographical lines a<\/span>nd<\/span> <\/span>unwanted <\/span>mid<\/span>dle<\/span>m<\/span>e<\/span>n.[footnote]\u201cElectronics Determines Market Limits-Goldberg,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, May 22, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Many listeners <\/span>were sorry<\/span> to learn<\/span> <\/span>that Big Wilson was leav<\/span>ing<\/span> KYW<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> WNEW<\/span> in New York<\/span>. <\/span>A <\/span>popular <\/span>Boston <\/span>radio <\/span>celebrity <\/span>Dexter Card <\/span>(1933-2018) <\/span>took <\/span>over <\/span>his <\/span>popular <\/span>morning <\/span>gig<\/span>.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cArise! Valentino Fans and Flip to Channel 3,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, May 25, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In a<\/span>n <\/span>enlightened<\/span> piece of journalism<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>that <\/span>June<\/span> <\/span>presented <\/span>a <\/span>very <\/span>thoughtful <\/span>account <\/span>on <\/span>the <\/span>surging <\/span>$10<\/span> billion <\/span>teen market.[footnote]\u201c$10 Billion Teen Market-And Radio Owns \u2018Em,\u201d U.S. Radio<\/em>, June 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0A <\/span>recent <\/span><\/span>Seventeen<\/span><\/span> m<\/span>agazine<\/span> <\/span>survey found that th<\/span>is nation\u2019s <\/span>teen<\/span>age population <\/span>had increased from 10.7 <\/span>million<\/span> to 13.5 <\/span>million<\/span> over the <\/span>previous <\/span>decade<\/span>. In terms <\/span>of spending habits, that magazine <\/span>soon <\/span>discovered<\/span> that <\/span>t<\/span>een<\/span>age<\/span> girls spend more than $300<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> a<\/span> year <\/span>on <\/span>beauty aids and <\/span>cosmetics.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>This was <\/span>a<\/span> very <\/span>impressive <\/span>sum <\/span>even if their parents <\/span>still bought most <\/span>of th<\/span>ose<\/span> <\/span>items. <\/span>The teen market <\/span>was there for the <\/span>tak<\/span>ing<\/span>, yet few <\/span>in <\/span>radio <\/span>actively <\/span>pursued it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The article <\/span>argued <\/span>that <\/span>AM <\/span>s<\/span>tations nationwide <\/span>should <\/span>more <\/span>actively pursue <\/span>that <\/span>growing <\/span>market especially <\/span>as <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing expenses <\/span>continued to <\/span>rise <\/span>at an alarming<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>pace<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nOne <\/span>reoccurring <\/span>complaint <\/span>made <\/span>against <\/span>many <\/span>popular AM <\/span>st<\/span>a<\/span>tions<\/span>,<\/span> such as KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>concerned <\/span>the <\/span>frequent <\/span>hiring and <\/span>firing <\/span>of <\/span>locally-inspired <\/span>DJ<\/span>s. <\/span>Some <\/span>cr<\/span>i<\/span>tics <\/span>perhaps<\/span> correctly <\/span>likened it <\/span>to <\/span>a <\/span>revolving door<\/span>. <\/span>In the case of KYW<\/span>-Cleveland t<\/span>he <\/span>rapid <\/span>departure <\/span>of <\/span>many <\/span>local <\/span>favorite<\/span>s <\/span>such as <\/span>Ronnie Barrett, Gloria Brown and Dave Hawthorne <\/span>seemed to brin<\/span>g that point home to <\/span>many <\/span>Clevelanders<\/span>. <\/span>Even if those same radio <\/span>personalities<\/span> <\/span>quickly <\/span>resurfaced on other <\/span>local <\/span>station<\/span>s it was n<\/span>ever <\/span>the same<\/span>. In fact, <\/span>th<\/span>at hard to describe <\/span>magnetism that <\/span>first <\/span>brought them together with their many fans <\/span>in <\/span>rarely re<\/span>occurred <\/span>in another setting<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>However, the business aspects of broadcasting were <\/span>ever <\/span>demanding and <\/span>frequently <\/span>unkind<\/span> on the personal level<\/span>. <\/span>Everyone in<\/span>volved in the managerial side <\/span>of commercial<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>in the 1960s <\/span>knew <\/span>the <\/span>critical <\/span>importance <\/span>o<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>regularly <\/span>balanc<\/span>ing <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>company\u2019s <\/span>books<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe question <\/span>continually plaguing <\/span>them <\/span>was <\/span>whether balancing the budget <\/span>should <\/span>always <\/span>t<\/span>ake <\/span>precedent<\/span> over <\/span>important <\/span>human aspects <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>business<\/span>? <\/span>There was no right or wrong answer; however, mu<\/span>c<\/span>h confusion. <\/span>A<\/span>s everyone readily conceded<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>individual <\/span>choices made by the <\/span>listen<\/span>ing audience<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>as reflected <\/span>through <\/span>local <\/span>ratings<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>ultimately <\/span>de<\/span>termined <\/span>the <\/span>winn<\/span>ers <\/span>and los<\/span>er<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span>in the local AM<\/span> radio game<\/span>. <\/span>Some critics contended <\/span>that b<\/span>usiness <\/span>managers <\/span>might <\/span>want to <\/span>listen more <\/span>attentively <\/span>to th<\/span>e wishes <\/span>of their <\/span>listening <\/span>audience <\/span>rather than <\/span>follow <\/span>the <\/span>stern <\/span>advice <\/span>of<\/span>fered by<\/span> <\/span>their <\/span>account<\/span>ants<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>e must <\/span>also <\/span>r<\/span>emember <\/span>that <\/span>many <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>long-term<\/span> <\/span>loyalty <\/span>towards <\/span>one <\/span>outlet <\/span>over another <\/span>could literally disappear overnight <\/span>on<\/span>c<\/span>e their <\/span>favorite <\/span>jocks <\/span>were <\/span>no longer there<\/span>.[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cBroadcaster Aflutter in New Payola Scare,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, June 9, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Looking at it f<\/span>rom the <\/span>DJ<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>perspective, <\/span>how c<\/span>ould <\/span>they <\/span>establish <\/span>any <\/span>real <\/span>connection with their <\/span>fans <\/span>from the community that they served <\/span>if <\/span>their future <\/span>employment <\/span>was <\/span>so <\/span>in<\/span>definite<\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>As <\/span>everyone<\/span> knew, o<\/span>ne false move and <\/span>y<\/span>ou<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>gone.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nWe must remember that <\/span>Joe Finan, Wes Hopkins<\/span>,<\/span> Frank <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Swingin<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u201d<\/span> Sweeney <\/span>and Big Wilson <\/span>came and went <\/span>in no time<\/span>. <\/span>Many broadcasting veterans <\/span>wondered who <\/span>might <\/span>be <\/span>thrown <\/span>under the bus <\/span>by their employers <\/span>next<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>rarely had <\/span>to wait <\/span>too <\/span>long<\/span> to find <\/span>out<\/span>. <\/span>If you<\/span>\u2019re<\/span> think<\/span>ing<\/span> there was more to <\/span>hiring and firing <\/span>than <\/span>what <\/span>first <\/span>m<\/span>et the eye <\/span>you<\/span>\u2019re <\/span>right<\/span>. The fundamentals guiding <\/span>business <\/span>principles for <\/span>virtually <\/span>all <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio stations <\/span>in the <\/span>U.S. during the <\/span>19<\/span>50s and <\/span>196<\/span>0s <\/span>centered on two things <\/span>balancing the books <\/span>while <\/span>staying <\/span>at the <\/span>top of <\/span>the <\/span>game<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>If <\/span>broadcasters<\/span>,<\/span> like KYW<\/span>,<\/span> did<\/span>n\u2019t do <\/span>that <\/span>then <\/span>their <\/span>rivals would <\/span>not hesitate <\/span>to <\/span>seize<\/span> the <\/span>moment<\/span> if they could<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Any<\/span> station might <\/span>win or lose <\/span>instant<\/span>ly <\/span>especially <\/span>if the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>loyal <\/span>fan<\/span>-base <\/span>should <\/span>for one reason or another suddenl<\/span>y <\/span>sour<\/span> towards them<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Paying <\/span>smaller salaries to lesser known <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>at the expense of<\/span> <\/span>high paid celebrities <\/span>certainly <\/span>represented <\/span>one <\/span>very <\/span>credible <\/span>way <\/span>in which <\/span>to <\/span>balance <\/span>the <\/span>books<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Although t<\/span>he <\/span>local <\/span>press and <\/span>eager listening <\/span>audiences might not <\/span>have <\/span>like<\/span>d<\/span> th<\/span>e <\/span>results<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>outlets <\/span>everywhere <\/span>did <\/span>just <\/span>that <\/span>as a way of ensuring the <\/span>status quo<\/span>.<\/span>\r\n\r\nLet\u2019s pursue this <\/span>accepted practice <\/span>of <\/span>rapidly<\/span> <\/span>firing and <\/span>hiring <\/span>of <\/span>broad<\/span>c<\/span>asters <\/span>a <\/span>bit <\/span>further<\/span>. I<\/span>f <\/span>a top notch DJ <\/span>should discover <\/span>without <\/span>any previous <\/span>warning <\/span>that his show <\/span>was <\/span>rapidl<\/span>y <\/span>dropp<\/span>ing <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>local <\/span>ratings <\/span>that <\/span>might<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>enough<\/span> <\/span>in itself <\/span>to <\/span>guarantee <\/span>his <\/span>prompt <\/span>dismissal<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>roubl<\/span>esome <\/span>behavior <\/span>on the part of <\/span>that same <\/span>jock <\/span>might also <\/span>hasten <\/span>his <\/span>release<\/span>. <\/span>In both cases, the station<\/span> <\/span>responsible for <\/span>the <\/span>firing<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>rarely <\/span>suffered <\/span>financially<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>such decisive <\/span>action<\/span>. <\/span>In fact, s<\/span>hrewd <\/span>radio <\/span>managers <\/span>knew <\/span>full-well that <\/span>there was a<\/span> slew of <\/span>equally talented <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>ready <\/span>on a moment\u2019s notice <\/span>to <\/span>replace <\/span>veteran <\/span>announcers <\/span>at <\/span>a fraction of the cost<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>need to up <\/span>their <\/span>game <\/span>by <\/span>rapidly<\/span> <\/span>firing<\/span> and <\/span>hiring <\/span>radio celebrities <\/span>proved <\/span>crucial <\/span>to <\/span>fledgling <\/span>AM <\/span>outlets <\/span>that were <\/span>forced <\/span>to <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>cut soaring <\/span>overhead <\/span>costs while<\/span> still<\/span> <\/span>maintaining the <\/span>appear<\/span>ance of <\/span>be<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>winners.<\/span> <\/span>Critics <\/span>outside th<\/span>is <\/span>field <\/span>often <\/span>look<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>the other way when <\/span>stations <\/span>aggressively <\/span>and repeatedly <\/span>employed <\/span>such <\/span>cutthroat <\/span>business practices<\/span>. H<\/span>owever, <\/span>the majority of <\/span>disc <\/span>jock<\/span>ey<\/span>s <\/span>knew <\/span>exactly <\/span>what <\/span>l<\/span>ed <\/span>station <\/span>managers to <\/span>act <\/span>so<\/span> <\/span>cold-bloodedly<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span> <\/span>sudden <\/span>plunge <\/span>in <\/span>revenue<\/span> or <\/span>rocketing overhead <\/span>costs<\/span> <\/span>frequently <\/span>overrode <\/span>any <\/span>personal<\/span> feelings<\/span> <\/span>station managers <\/span>migh<\/span>t<\/span> have <\/span>towards <\/span>specific <\/span>radio <\/span>personalit<\/span>ies<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nFor its <\/span>consistently high quality <\/span>reporting <\/span>on locally important <\/span>education<\/span> issues<\/span>,<\/span> KYW received <\/span>the National Education Association<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>School Bell Award.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cTV in Paris Could Revive Old Thriller,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, June 29, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Plain<\/span> Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>was surprised to learn that KYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>management <\/span>had agreed to <\/span>permit its <\/span>new <\/span>morning <\/span>man <\/span>Dexter <\/span>Card to <\/span>us<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>his real name <\/span>both <\/span>on <\/span>and off <\/span>the air.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cIt\u2019s Rare DJ Who Keeps Own Name,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, July 15, 1961. Russell W. Kane, \u201cDisc-gusted Jockey Gets His Name Back,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, August 31, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A Maine native, Card had <\/span>previously <\/span>worked in Portland, <\/span>ME; <\/span>Providence<\/span>, RI<\/span> and Milwaukee<\/span>, WS prior to joining the WCOP team. Several leading KY-11 personalities led by Reb Foster made positive news headlines that same summer by participating in amateur baseball games courtesy of the Cleveland Recreation Department. They wanted to keep the kids out of trouble and off the streets.[footnote]Chuck Heaton, \u201cRadio Gives Sandlots a Boost,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, July 15, 1961.[\/footnote] In late August 1961, the press praised one of KYW\u2019s chief radio rivals WERE for actively promoting \u201cgood music\u201d programming over traditional rock and roll. WERE officials said that its earlier rock and roll format had not sufficiently improved their ratings and that station managers were ready for a major change.[footnote]George E. Condon, \u201cGood Music to Get Trial Spin on WERE,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, August 28, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe questions <\/span>surrounding <\/span>the <\/span>NBC-<\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>swap <\/span>in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>56 <\/span>a<\/span>nd t<\/span>he <\/span>current <\/span>RKO<\/span> <\/span>controversy <\/span>brought to light<\/span> some <\/span>overlooked <\/span>legal <\/span>issues<\/span> <\/span>pertaining <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>certain <\/span>licens<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>agreements<\/span>. <\/span>Federal courts <\/span>concern<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>centered on such things as <\/span>to <\/span>whether <\/span>two <\/span>year television affil<\/span>i<\/span>ation contract<\/span>s<\/span> with <\/span>succe<\/span>s<\/span>s<\/span>i<\/span>ve <\/span>two <\/span>year terms <\/span>could be<\/span> or should be<\/span> <\/span>considered <\/span>depreciable asset<\/span>s<\/span> or not<\/span>? <\/span>Th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>legal ruckus <\/span>that ensued <\/span>over that <\/span>specific<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>contentious <\/span>issue <\/span>encouraged <\/span>the U.S. Tax Court <\/span>to <\/span>reconsider <\/span>the <\/span>unique <\/span>tax <\/span>arrangement <\/span>it had <\/span>made <\/span>with <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>following <\/span>the <\/span>Ph<\/span>ilco<\/span> deal<\/span> in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>53.<\/span> <\/span>Apparently, the court <\/span>had <\/span>empowered <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>repay <\/span>all <\/span>advances <\/span>it <\/span>made towards <\/span>spot advertising <\/span>through <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>fifty-five <\/span>month <\/span>de<\/span>preciation <\/span>schedule. <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>schedule <\/span>consisted of <\/span>two<\/span> independent,<\/span> <\/span>two-year <\/span>renewals.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cTax Court Disallows Affiliation Writeoff,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, September 4, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Under this<\/span> <\/span>agreement<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>federal <\/span>court required <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>re<\/span>pa<\/span>y <\/span>t<\/span>he <\/span>more than <\/span>$1<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span>t saved <\/span>by <\/span>the end of FY-<\/span>1955<\/span>. <\/span>That repayment <\/span>would be <\/span>added onto <\/span>the <\/span>federal income tax<\/span> <\/span>the company already <\/span>owed<\/span> <\/span>to Uncle Sam.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Unfortunately, <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span> <\/span>officials <\/span>never <\/span>fulfilled <\/span>their <\/span>obligation<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAfter due consideration, the U.S. Tax Court in <\/span>September <\/span>19<\/span>61 reversed <\/span>its <\/span>earlier <\/span>ruling <\/span>which meant that <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span> <\/span>must <\/span>pay <\/span>back <\/span>taxes <\/span>owed<\/span>. <\/span>WBC\u2019s <\/span>legal <\/span>counsel <\/span>prompt<\/span>ly <\/span>appea<\/span>l<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>it<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cWBC to Appeal,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 2, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Its <\/span>appeal <\/span>emphasized <\/span>the fact <\/span>that the value of the Philco station at the time of purchase <\/span>was <\/span>$5 <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>and that <\/span>figure <\/span>includ<\/span>ed<\/span> all depreciation costs. <\/span>Understandably<\/span>, <\/span>WBC\u2019s <\/span>legal team furnished that crucial piece of information in the hope that <\/span>the court <\/span>would re<\/span>verse its stance<\/span> in May \u201862<\/span>. <\/span>In<\/span> <\/span><\/span>Westinghouse Broadcasting Company v. Commission of<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Internal Revenue<\/span><\/span><\/em>, the court made it <\/span>quite <\/span>clear that the plaintiff\u2019s arguments were<\/span> <\/span>not <\/span>convincing and that Westinghouse did indeed <\/span>owe <\/span>the back taxes.[footnote]Westinghouse Broadcasting Company v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue<\/em>, 36 TC 912, (1961). \u201cWestinghouse Loses Round in Tax Fight,\u201d November 5, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Part of the backlash from <\/span>that ruling<\/span> led <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Senator Gale McGee <\/span>(1915-1992) <\/span>to <\/span>re<\/span>quest <\/span>the FCC <\/span>to <\/span>reconsider <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>implications <\/span>of automatically<\/span> granting television licenses to <\/span>very <\/span>large <\/span>corporat<\/span>ions such as <\/span>G<\/span>eneral <\/span>E<\/span>lectric <\/span>and <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse Electric.[footnote]\u201cMcGee Poses Questions on GE, WBC Licensing,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, September 25, 1961. \u201cThose WBC-GE Renewals,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, November 13, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The<\/span> senator <\/span>saw potential <\/span>conflict<\/span>s<\/span> of interest <\/span>especially <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>subsidiaries<\/span> <\/span>held <\/span>responsib<\/span>le for <\/span>operating <\/span>th<\/span>ose<\/span> outlets. <\/span>However, <\/span>further <\/span>probes <\/span>into that matter <\/span>turned up nothing<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nLate September <\/span>19<\/span>61 <\/span>saw <\/span>a further <\/span>shakeup <\/span>of <\/span>the KYW <\/span>lineup<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Reb Foster and Joe Mayer<\/span> <\/span>(1926-1997) <\/span>replaced <\/span>Frank <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Swingin<\/span>\u2019\u201d Sweeney<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, September 5, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Thomas (<\/span>Harv<\/span>e<\/span>)<\/span> Morgan<\/span> (1927-2003) <\/span>also <\/span>join<\/span>ed<\/span> the <\/span>exciting <\/span>team<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cSchedule of Saturday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, September 30, 1961.[\/footnote] <\/span><\/span>Harve <\/span>Morgan had <\/span>previously <\/span>been <\/span>the <\/span>News and Program D<\/span>irector <\/span>at <\/span>WHM<\/span>-<\/span>Charlestown, WVA a<\/span>nd <\/span>at <\/span>WMNI<\/span>-<\/span>Columbus. <\/span>H<\/span>e <\/span>had <\/span>also <\/span>briefly <\/span>hosted a morning show <\/span>on <\/span>WCAO<\/span>-<\/span>TV<\/span> in Baltimore<\/span>. <\/span>He was <\/span>hired <\/span>by KYW officials <\/span>t<\/span>o host <\/span>a<\/span>n <\/span>overhaul<\/span> of <\/span>\u201cProgram PM.\u201d <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>autumn <\/span>saw <\/span>further <\/span>changes<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>hen <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>purchased <\/span>the rights to <\/span>a series of <\/span>special <\/span>radio <\/span>shows <\/span>on <\/span>some of <\/span>Hollywood<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>greatest <\/span>movie s<\/span>tars<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cFirst Oral History Series Covers Movies,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 16, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Behind the scenes, <\/span>this <\/span>very <\/span>forward thinking enterprise <\/span>was <\/span>rapid<\/span>ly<\/span> transforming itself <\/span>from a <\/span>local <\/span>mid<\/span>dle<\/span>-<\/span>of<\/span>-<\/span>the<\/span>-<\/span>road music <\/span>s<\/span>t<\/span>ation<\/span> <\/span>into <\/span>a <\/span>regional <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music <\/span>contender<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>brand new <\/span>Rod Roddy Show represented <\/span>a<\/span> major <\/span>departure from <\/span>earlier<\/span> <\/span>milder <\/span>show<\/span>s<\/span> that <\/span>mostly <\/span>play<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>different kinds of <\/span>popular <\/span>records<\/span> <\/span>highlighted by <\/span>occasional <\/span>banter <\/span>and <\/span>plenty <\/span>of ads<\/span>. <\/span>Rod <\/span>Roddy <\/span>(1937-2003) <\/span>broke away <\/span>from th<\/span>e humdrum <\/span>with <\/span>a <\/span>hea<\/span>lthy <\/span>dose of corny jokes<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>nd <\/span>all <\/span>sorts <\/span>of <\/span>bells, <\/span>shouts <\/span>and whistles.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cThe Roddy Thing,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, October 14, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Roddy\u2019s <\/span>zany a<\/span>ntics<\/span>,<\/span> both <\/span>on and off the air<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>definitely woke up his <\/span>fan-base<\/span> <\/span>to the <\/span>undeniable <\/span>fact <\/span>that <\/span>major <\/span>program <\/span>change<\/span>s<\/span> w<\/span>ere <\/span>rapidly <\/span>occurring <\/span>at <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nC<\/span>ommunity<\/span>-minded <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>proudly <\/span>host<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>performance of the <\/span>\u201cThe Miracle Worker\u201d<\/span> <\/span>gear<\/span>ed <\/span>for blind and deaf persons<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cKYW\u2019s Deaf and Blind Guests,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 24, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <\/span>On the business front, r<\/span>adio experts <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>emphasized <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>current <\/span>switch from n<\/span>ational<\/span>ly-based<\/span> <\/span>to local<\/span>ly-oriented<\/span> program<\/span>ming<\/span> <\/span>did <\/span>not <\/span>exclusive <\/span>belong <\/span>to <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>. <\/span>Other<\/span> <\/span>broadcasters like<\/span> <\/span>McLendon, Plough, Storer and Storz <\/span>had <\/span>also <\/span>experiment<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>with it<\/span>. However, <\/span>those <\/span>competing<\/span> radio broadcasters <\/span>had to <\/span>admit that <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>recent <\/span>success <\/span>was <\/span>like no other<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Relevant <\/span>programming<\/span> <\/span>on all levels <\/span>seemed to <\/span>separate WBC broadcasting from <\/span>its rivals<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cRadio Highlights: 1957-61,\u201d U.S. Radio<\/em>, October-November 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>I<\/span>ndependent<\/span>s<\/span>, such as <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>swept aside <\/span>the <\/span>earlier <\/span>held <\/span>notion <\/span>expounded <\/span>by <\/span>many radio leaders <\/span>that <\/span>national<\/span>ly-based<\/span> <\/span>programs <\/span>whether comedies, dramas or soap o<\/span>peras <\/span>w<\/span>ould <\/span>be <\/span>more <\/span>than <\/span>adequate <\/span>when it came to fulfilling <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>growing <\/span>needs of their<\/span> <\/span>man<\/span>y<\/span> listeners<\/span>. <\/span>Literally o<\/span>vernight<\/span>, <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s shrewd <\/span>business <\/span>manage<\/span>rs <\/span>and programmers <\/span>had <\/span>reinvented <\/span>locally-based <\/span>radio <\/span>stations <\/span>with <\/span>KY<\/span>-<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>play<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>foremost <\/span>role in <\/span>it<\/span>s development<\/span> <\/span>stage <\/span>and <\/span>implementation<\/span> cycle<\/span>. <\/span>Regularly <\/span>achieving <\/span>high ratings in <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>highly <\/span>competitive <\/span>market<\/span> <\/span>showed <\/span>all doubters <\/span>that <\/span>this <\/span>kind of <\/span>independent <\/span>programming <\/span>did <\/span>indeed <\/span>work<\/span> over the <\/span>long haul<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe station <\/span>scored another <\/span>ratings <\/span>victory <\/span>after co-<\/span>sponsor<\/span>ing <\/span>Higbee<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>One Day Only <\/span>Christmas Open House<\/span> <\/span>in<\/span> 19<\/span>61<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cHigbee\u2019s One Day Only Christmas Open House,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 12, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Its <\/span>many <\/span>lively <\/span>musical performances <\/span>enhanced <\/span>by <\/span>KYW <\/span>radio and <\/span>television<\/span> <\/span>personalities<\/span> a<\/span>nd<\/span> <\/span>helpf<\/span>ul <\/span>household demonstrations<\/span> appeal<\/span>ed<\/span> to n<\/span>e<\/span>arly e<\/span>veryone<\/span>. <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> radio <\/span>personalities such as <\/span>Dexter Card, <\/span>Reb Foster, <\/span>Tom Griffiths, Specs Howard and Rod Roddy<\/span> <\/span>added <\/span>their<\/span> own flair<\/span> to this <\/span>very <\/span>festive <\/span>event<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On another note, t<\/span>he American Federation of Television & Radio Artists (AFTRA) <\/span>union <\/span>a<\/span>nnounced that it <\/span>would <\/span>a<\/span>ccept <\/span>W<\/span>BC\u2019s <\/span>latest<\/span> <\/span>wage <\/span>offer.[footnote]\u201cKYW and AFTRA OK Pension Plan,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 20, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It specified that <\/span>5% of <\/span>employee <\/span>wages <\/span>be deposited <\/span>into <\/span>a <\/span>new<\/span>ly created<\/span> <\/span>AFTRA<\/span> <\/span>pension <\/span>fund.<\/span> <\/span>On the broadcasting side, <\/span>Al James<\/span>,<\/span> one of <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>newest <\/span>stars<\/span>, t<\/span>ook over <\/span>both the e<\/span>arly evening and late night <\/span>weekend <\/span>slots<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cSchedule of Saturday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 9, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>He remained <\/span>a fixture <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>into <\/span>the <\/span>19<\/span>70s.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nIn <\/span>a<\/span>nother <\/span>federal<\/span> <\/span>related <\/span>matter, <\/span>WBC <\/span>that <\/span>December<\/span> <\/span>turned over <\/span>to the FCC <\/span>legal <\/span>document<\/span>s <\/span>prov<\/span>ing <\/span>that <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> b<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>arm of <\/span>Westinghouse Electric <\/span>was <\/span>truly <\/span>independent<\/span> of its parent company<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cCharges Refuted by Westinghouse,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, December 18, 1961.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>h<\/span>at <\/span>formal <\/span>separation occurred <\/span>in <\/span>19<\/span>53. <\/span>As part of a<\/span> <\/span>continual <\/span>effort to provide the <\/span>very <\/span>finest <\/span>in <\/span>both <\/span>news and commentary, KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> e<\/span>xpanded <\/span>its <\/span>daily <\/span>N<\/span>oon newscast<\/span> <\/span>beginning <\/span>in January 19<\/span>62<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Jack Bennett <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ed<\/span> from the <\/span>studio<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>while<\/span> his partner <\/span>Hugh Danaceau <\/span>(1929-2003) <\/span>read the news <\/span>from the <\/span>nearby <\/span>Citizen\u2019s Federal Bank<\/span> <\/span>Building<\/span> on East 6<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> Street<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cSee and Hear KYW Radio Noon News,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, January 22, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Two months <\/span>later, the <\/span>feds <\/span>renewed <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>license <\/span>for <\/span>an<\/span> additional <\/span>three <\/span>years.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cChallenge to Ponder Changing U.S. Scene,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 1, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Also, <\/span>Harv<\/span>e<\/span> Morgan <\/span>wrote a <\/span>fascinating <\/span>book on <\/span>President Lincoln<\/span> <\/span>later <\/span>that <\/span>same <\/span>year<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>housands<\/span> of <\/span>phoned-in <\/span>questions <\/span>he <\/span>received <\/span>during <\/span>his <\/span>Lincoln-<\/span>a-<\/span>T<\/span>hon<\/span> <\/span>program<\/span> that February<\/span> led him to write it<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cPoor British! Lag in Commercials,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 11, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0In a <\/span>candid <\/span><\/span>Cleveland<\/span> Plain <\/span>Dealer<\/span><\/span> <\/span>interview<\/span> <\/span>with <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>chief <\/span>publicist<\/span> <\/span>Mike Ruppe Jr.<\/span>, he<\/span> <\/span>admit<\/span>ted<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>his <\/span>clever<\/span> <\/span>ad<\/span>vertising <\/span>campaigns <\/span>had<\/span> <\/span>play<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>key <\/span>role in <\/span>that <\/span>outlets<\/span> <\/span>recent <\/span>power climb to <\/span>the <\/span>top of the local <\/span>ratings<\/span>.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cDream Men Zero In on Swingin Air Fans,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 18, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>B<\/span>uild<\/span>ing<\/span> up <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>image <\/span>by <\/span>telling <\/span>its <\/span>many <\/span>listeners about <\/span>upcoming <\/span>station <\/span>events<\/span> and<\/span> <\/span>hiring exciting <\/span>new<\/span> radio<\/span> <\/span>personalities <\/span>wa<\/span>s <\/span>exactly <\/span>what <\/span>winning <\/span>promotion<\/span> department<\/span>s <\/span>did <\/span>regular<\/span>ly<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Ruppe <\/span>concluded <\/span>by saying <\/span>that <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>many <\/span>c<\/span>atchy<\/span> <\/span>j<\/span>ingles <\/span>definitely <\/span>separate<\/span>d<\/span> this <\/span>enterprise <\/span>from <\/span>its <\/span>rivals<\/span>. <\/span>He <\/span>reiterated<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>\u201c<\/span>a happy listener <\/span>is <\/span>a loyal <\/span>listener<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThat <\/span>same <\/span>March, a<\/span>n <\/span>NBC A<\/span>ccount<\/span>ant<\/span> <\/span>Robert D. <\/span>Johnson <\/span>became <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>latest <\/span>b<\/span>usiness <\/span>m<\/span>anager<\/span>. He replaced Irv Ruby who <\/span>assumed <\/span>similar <\/span>responsibilities <\/span>at <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>West C<\/span>oast <\/span>radio <\/span>affiliate <\/span>KEX.[footnote]\u201cBusiness Spotlight,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 21, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0KYW thank<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>everyone <\/span>for the positive <\/span>feedback <\/span>it <\/span>had <\/span>been <\/span>receiving regarding <\/span>its <\/span>latest <\/span>brochure <\/span>entitled <\/span>\u201cIf You Are Arrested.\u201d[footnote]\u201cDrumbeats,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, April 16, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Without a <\/span>doubt, this <\/span>popular <\/span>broadcaster <\/span>had <\/span>gain<\/span>ed <\/span>a well-<\/span>earned <\/span>reputation for helping <\/span>those <\/span>in need<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>lucky <\/span>w<\/span>inner of the \u201cWhy I\u2019d like to be Dex Card\u2019s Boss for a Day\u201d <\/span>contest <\/span>had him <\/span>clean <\/span>her <\/span>house<\/span> top to bottom<\/span>.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cNo, Jonathan Winters Didn\u2019t Flip His Top,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, May 3, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>BC\u2019s <\/span>rosy <\/span>financial <\/span>picture <\/span>in early \u201962 <\/span>convinced its <\/span>corporate <\/span>heads <\/span>to <\/span>move ahead with plans to <\/span>purchase <\/span>one of <\/span>New York<\/span> City<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>prestigious <\/span>AM outlet<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>The addition of <\/span>1010<\/span>-<\/span>WINS <\/span>to <\/span>its <\/span>g<\/span>rowing<\/span> <\/span>list of <\/span>well-<\/span>respected <\/span>stations <\/span>brought <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> Broadcasting <\/span>Company\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>total <\/span>number of <\/span>stations<\/span> <\/span>to nine<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cWestinghouse Buying WINS,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, May 7, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he May <\/span>14<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>edition of <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span>, The Business Weekly of Television & Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>explored <\/span>the <\/span>extraordinary <\/span>renaissance <\/span>of <\/span>U.S. <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span> over the <\/span>past ten years<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cRadio Feels Confident in its Future,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, May 14, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Many <\/span>experts <\/span>agreed <\/span>that<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in all probability<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the future of <\/span>c<\/span>ommercial <\/span>radio <\/span>in the U.S. <\/span>w<\/span>ould be <\/span>closely <\/span>connected <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>willingness <\/span>of <\/span>local<\/span> <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>to relate <\/span>more <\/span>directly <\/span>to <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>ever <\/span>changing needs <\/span>and wants <\/span>of <\/span>their<\/span> <\/span>loyal <\/span>listeners<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nA<\/span>utomation <\/span>in broadcasting <\/span>was making <\/span>tremendous <\/span>strides <\/span>in <\/span>radio <\/span>over <\/span>the p<\/span>a<\/span>st several years<\/span>.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0In fact, m<\/span>ore <\/span>and more <\/span>programmers <\/span>were <\/span>relying on it when <\/span>developing <\/span>their <\/span>playlists<\/span> and <\/span>new <\/span>advertising <\/span>strategies. <\/span>The number of <\/span>stations changing hands <\/span>skyrocketed <\/span>in the earl<\/span>y<\/span> \u201860s as <\/span>the <\/span>abundan<\/span>ce of <\/span>ad<\/span>vertising <\/span>dollars <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>gradual <\/span>lifting of <\/span>severe <\/span>federal restrictions<\/span> <\/span>freed up <\/span>the buying and selling of AM outlets<\/span>. <\/span>The unrelenting <\/span>competition<\/span> among leading radi<\/span>o<\/span> br<\/span>oadcasters was responsible for much of it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Buying numerous stations at a drop of a hat <\/span>demonstrate<\/span>d<\/span> t<\/span>w<\/span>o <\/span>important <\/span>things<\/span> about contemporary buyers<\/span>. First, it <\/span>confirmed <\/span>that <\/span>the buyer <\/span>ha<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>extra capital <\/span>ne<\/span>eded <\/span>to <\/span>embark <\/span>on such ventures and second <\/span>that <\/span>it expected <\/span>its efforts <\/span>to do <\/span>very <\/span>well financially<\/span>. If that was not t<\/span>r<\/span>ue then why <\/span>expose yourself to<\/span> <\/span>such <\/span>a <\/span>risky <\/span>thing?<\/span> Whether that <\/span>symbolized <\/span>an <\/span>accurate <\/span>po<\/span>rtrayal <\/span>of <\/span>an outlet\u2019s <\/span>financial <\/span>picture<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in the early 1960s<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>was of little consequence in that <\/span>most big city radio <\/span>stations <\/span>appeared to be <\/span>build<\/span>ing <\/span>up <\/span>enormous <\/span>profits w<\/span>ith <\/span>only <\/span>minimum debt. As nearly e<\/span>veryone in<\/span>volved in<\/span> radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>knew <\/span>then <\/span>allowing <\/span>an <\/span>outlet <\/span>to <\/span>s<\/span>tand still <\/span>while a parade of your closest rivals <\/span>marched by triumphantly <\/span>was no<\/span> longer <\/span>a<\/span> viable <\/span>business <\/span>option. <\/span>The <\/span>prevailing attitude <\/span>was that y<\/span>ou\u2019ve got to <\/span>fight for what you want <\/span>right <\/span>now <\/span>or all m<\/span>ay <\/span>be lost<\/span> very quickly<\/span>!<\/span>\r\n\r\nE<\/span>xperts <\/span>in <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>reminded <\/span>everyone <\/span>that much of radio\u2019s <\/span>fantastic <\/span>re<\/span>s<\/span>urge<\/span>nce<\/span> <\/span>during <\/span>the <\/span>late <\/span>19<\/span>50s <\/span>and <\/span>early <\/span>19<\/span>60s <\/span>re<\/span>flected t<\/span>he <\/span>unbelievable <\/span>increase in the <\/span>number of <\/span>inexpensive <\/span>transistor<\/span> <\/span>radios<\/span> available in the market<\/span>.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That was enhanced even further by many <\/span>programmers <\/span>who <\/span>relied <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>many <\/span>very <\/span>desirable <\/span>broadcasts <\/span>a<\/span>vailable through <\/span>emergent <\/span>independen<\/span>t <\/span>entertainment <\/span>co<\/span>mpanies<\/span> to help fill their days<\/span>. Th<\/span>ose <\/span>sources <\/span>s<\/span>pecialized <\/span>in providing <\/span>surplus<\/span> <\/span>shows<\/span> to <\/span>money-strapped <\/span>broadcasters<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>some difficulty <\/span>fill<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>up <\/span>their <\/span>airtime<\/span>. <\/span>Critics strongly <\/span>recommended <\/span>that all <\/span>radio <\/span>outlet<\/span>s regardless of <\/span>their influenced and <\/span>size should <\/span>follow<\/span> <\/span>three <\/span>basic <\/span>rules<\/span>. First, <\/span>they<\/span> should <\/span>limit the number of commercials<\/span> <\/span>they <\/span>broadcast <\/span>per <\/span>hour<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Second, <\/span>they should <\/span>insist that <\/span>their <\/span>advertis<\/span>e<\/span>ments <\/span>follow the <\/span>script<\/span>. <\/span>Third<\/span>, <\/span>they should <\/span>demand <\/span>flexible <\/span>program<\/span>ming<\/span> <\/span>at all times<\/span>.<\/span>\r\n\r\nS<\/span>hrewd <\/span>executive<\/span>s at <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> c<\/span>lose<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>followed <\/span>th<\/span>ose <\/span>guidelines<\/span>. However, <\/span>they <\/span>also <\/span>knew <\/span>that when all was said and done <\/span>h<\/span>igh ratings and <\/span>increas<\/span>ing <\/span>revenues were<\/span> <\/span>really <\/span>all that <\/span>mattered<\/span>. <\/span>As w<\/span>e saw earlier<\/span>, <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>precarious <\/span>balanc<\/span>e <\/span>had to <\/span>be maintained even when it <\/span>limited <\/span>program <\/span>creativity<\/span>. That was <\/span>especially <\/span>true <\/span>when <\/span>big city <\/span>station<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>unexpectedly <\/span>introduced <\/span>pie in the sky <\/span>programs <\/span>without <\/span>first <\/span>e<\/span>xamining the <\/span>po<\/span>ssible pitfalls <\/span>that might occur <\/span>from <\/span>such <\/span>action<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>proved <\/span>especially dangerous <\/span>for smaller<\/span> <\/span>outlets<\/span>. A<\/span>ny misstep <\/span>by <\/span>those <\/span>operat<\/span>ing <\/span>on a <\/span>shoestring <\/span>might <\/span>prompt<\/span> <\/span>disast<\/span>e<\/span>r<\/span>. <\/span>But<\/span>, don\u2019t think for a moment that <\/span>large <\/span>city <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>were immune from <\/span>it they <\/span>weren\u2019t<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s where s<\/span>hrewd <\/span>business <\/span>managers <\/span>often <\/span>came into <\/span>the picture. <\/span>Many lead<\/span>ers in the <\/span>radio<\/span>-industry depended <\/span>on <\/span>versatile <\/span>promotion departments <\/span>and outspoken<\/span> <\/span>public relations specialists to handle <\/span>just such <\/span>emergencie<\/span>s<\/span> when they occurred<\/span>. <\/span>KY<\/span>W<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> Public Relations <\/span>D<\/span>irector <\/span>Charles L. Getz Jr. (1924-2008)<\/span> <\/span>was just <\/span>that kind of seasoned <\/span>executive<\/span> they relied on<\/span>. Part of his <\/span>responsibilities <\/span>in<\/span>c<\/span>l<\/span>ud<\/span>ed handling <\/span>any <\/span>unexpected <\/span>programming<\/span> glitches <\/span>that might <\/span>suddenly <\/span>pop up<\/span> out of nowhere<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nTh<\/span>o<\/span>se <\/span>scenario<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>played out <\/span>throughout <\/span>the \u201850s and \u201860s.<\/span> <\/span>High revenues often <\/span>encouraged <\/span>wildcat <\/span>program <\/span>speculation <\/span>sometimes <\/span>with <\/span>awful <\/span>results. <\/span>At one time or another <\/span>near<\/span>ly e<\/span>very<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>programmer <\/span>working <\/span>at <\/span>a <\/span>major <\/span>outlet<\/span> <\/span>believed that his <\/span>or her <\/span>suggestion <\/span>for a new show w<\/span>ould be <\/span>a<\/span>n instant hit<\/span> with listeners<\/span>. <\/span>Positive <\/span>thinking <\/span>like that <\/span>might <\/span>have been <\/span>more <\/span>welcomed <\/span>by radio <\/span>managers <\/span>if th<\/span>os<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>same <\/span>program<\/span> planners <\/span>had <\/span>successfully <\/span>ironed <\/span>out <\/span>any of <\/span>the <\/span>problems inherent<\/span>ly <\/span>a <\/span>part of introducing <\/span>most <\/span>new <\/span>show<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, few <\/span>followed <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>logical<\/span> <\/span>line of reasoning<\/span>. <\/span>That promulgated program <\/span>s<\/span>peculation <\/span>throughout <\/span>the <\/span>crazy <\/span>1950<\/span>s<\/span> and 1960s<\/span>. <\/span>Potential p<\/span>itfalls<\/span> re<\/span>sulting from <\/span>such maverick actions <\/span>covered <\/span>the gamut<\/span>. They ran<\/span>ged<\/span> from <\/span>previously <\/span>un<\/span>imagined <\/span>high<\/span> production <\/span>costs<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>particularly during <\/span>the <\/span>initial <\/span>phase<\/span>s<\/span> of <\/span>production<\/span>, <\/span>to <\/span>whether <\/span>or not <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>local <\/span>audience <\/span>would <\/span>accept <\/span>this new <\/span>radical programming <\/span>concept<\/span>. <\/span>Certainly,<\/span> surprising <\/span>breakthroughs <\/span>in broadcasting <\/span>such as \u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>and <\/span>the Mike Douglas Show <\/span>encouraged <\/span>many <\/span>others <\/span>in the field <\/span>to experiment<\/span> <\/span>with <\/span>a wide range of similarly inspired <\/span>programs<\/span>. <\/span>The fact that <\/span>those <\/span>programs were <\/span>immediate <\/span>successes did not mean that <\/span>analogous <\/span>endeavors <\/span>would be as <\/span>profitable.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nRegrettably, <\/span>impractical <\/span>program<\/span>s<\/span> and <\/span>promotion<\/span>s <\/span>rarely <\/span>fare<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>well <\/span>in the open market <\/span>especially i<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>cities <\/span>such as <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>. <\/span>Le<\/span>t\u2019s not <\/span>forget <\/span>the <\/span>recent <\/span>Big K promotional disaster.<\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>was <\/span>why <\/span>most <\/span>station<\/span> manager<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>including <\/span>those at <\/span>KYW <\/span>increasingly turned to <\/span>recognized <\/span>experts <\/span>in the field <\/span>such as <\/span>Getz <\/span>to <\/span>com<\/span>e<\/span> up with <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>programming <\/span>ideas <\/span>that would <\/span>e<\/span>xcite <\/span>audience<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>without <\/span>straining <\/span>the <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>budget<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>knew<\/span> <\/span>full <\/span>well that a<\/span>ny <\/span>miscalculation <\/span>on their part <\/span>might <\/span>produce <\/span>a negative ripple effect that <\/span>m<\/span>ight <\/span>reduce <\/span>profit<\/span>s<\/span> in the years ahead<\/span>. <\/span>Prior to <\/span>approving <\/span>any new show<\/span>, <\/span>Charles <\/span>Getz\u2019s <\/span>had <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>shrewd <\/span>accountants <\/span>analy<\/span>ze its prospects<\/span>. The<\/span> <\/span>corporate<\/span> <\/span>higher-ups <\/span>determined <\/span>whether tho<\/span>se <\/span>new <\/span>p<\/span>rogram<\/span>s would fly or not <\/span>with local audiences <\/span>b<\/span>ased on <\/span>earlier, <\/span>similar offerings <\/span>broadcasted by KYW-Radio<\/span>. <\/span>Modifying existing s<\/span>hows<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>base<\/span>d<\/span> on <\/span>the changing needs and wants <\/span>of its fan <\/span>base, <\/span>represented an easy <\/span>way to <\/span>ensure<\/span> continued <\/span>success<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Unfortunately, h<\/span>ast<\/span>il<\/span>y <\/span>conceived <\/span>shows <\/span>by <\/span>eager <\/span>programmers <\/span>want<\/span>ing<\/span> to make a name for themselves <\/span>might <\/span>have <\/span>serious <\/span>financial <\/span>repercussions<\/span> <\/span>further<\/span> down the road<\/span>.<\/span>\r\n\r\nAs <\/span>w<\/span>e saw <\/span>earlier, t<\/span>he <\/span>frequent <\/span>hiring and firing <\/span>of <\/span>radio personalities might <\/span>be viewed <\/span>by <\/span>some <\/span>critics <\/span>as <\/span>very <\/span>impulsive <\/span>behavior<\/span> <\/span>displayed <\/span>by <\/span>tight fisted <\/span>business <\/span>managers or program<\/span> executives<\/span> <\/span>leveled <\/span>against defenseless employees. In reality, such decisions were considered as necessary stop gap measures all a part of running a successful radio station. Program cutbacks and frequent changes echoed the many budgetary constraints facing most broadcasting companies during those anxious times. They were often triggered by economic and social forces that were slowly unwinding within the existing market. Very powerful businesses and equally determined federal regulators encouraged much of it. Sadly, the listening public had little empathy in that regard. Whether the actions taken by KYW leaders to counter those limits were appropriate or not is probably not the right question to ask here. Given the growing rivalry among local AM stations and the accelerating costs involved in running those operations, a more appropriate question might be whether those station managers really had any other choices? In all likelihood the answer is no. Therefore, when radio broadcasters suddenly suspended shows or fired high paid celebrities, without apparent cause, most fans wrongly presumed that the station\u2019s own selfish interests governed their actions. In reality, outlets like KYW had little choice if they wanted to sustain high profits year after year. You have only to follow the careers of two local radio personalities Mark Allen and Jim Runyon to see how that played out in real time. Both joined the KYW-Radio team in the spring of 1962.[footnote]\u201cSchedule of Saturday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, May 19, 1962.[\/footnote] Allen symbolized the typical freelancer of his day who was looking for his first real break in broadcasting. Unfortunately, that was not in the cards for him at least not at KYW-Cleveland and here\u2019s why.<\/span>\r\n\r\nA <\/span>good announcer <\/span>with <\/span>great <\/span>possibilities<\/span>, <\/span>Allen <\/span>apparently <\/span>did not <\/span>overly <\/span>impress <\/span>his <\/span>m<\/span>anagement<\/span> <\/span>team <\/span>who <\/span>quick<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>dismiss<\/span>ed him<\/span>. <\/span>Fear not, h<\/span>e <\/span>soon <\/span>re<\/span>appeared <\/span>as the <\/span>first <\/span>nighttime DJ <\/span>on<\/span> Cleveland\u2019s new<\/span> <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>sensation <\/span>WIXY-1260. <\/span>Allen later <\/span>relocated <\/span>to WCFL-<\/span>1000 <\/span>AM <\/span>in <\/span>Chicago <\/span>where he w<\/span>as <\/span>known as <\/span>Bob Dearborn. <\/span>He remained active in <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>into the <\/span>Millennium<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>On the other hand, <\/span>Jim <\/span>Runyon<\/span> <\/span>climbed the ranks at<\/span> <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio <\/span>very <\/span>rapidly<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span> <\/span>Korean <\/span>vet<\/span>eran<\/span>, <\/span>he <\/span>first <\/span>hosted <\/span>a <\/span>radio <\/span>show on <\/span>WLW-<\/span>Cincinnati<\/span> followed by stints <\/span>at <\/span>WLWD<\/span>-<\/span>Dayton<\/span> <\/span>and WTVN<\/span>-<\/span>Columbus. He <\/span>remained <\/span>in <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>for three years before <\/span>mov<\/span>ing <\/span>to WCFL. <\/span>Four years later<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>he returned to Cleveland <\/span>as <\/span>WKYC\u2019s <\/span>new <\/span>morning man.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>He may <\/span>or may <\/span>not have been <\/span>as <\/span>talented <\/span>as <\/span>his colleague <\/span>Mark <\/span>Allen<\/span>,<\/span> but he sure had better luck<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>least at <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>After <\/span>receiving <\/span>his <\/span>pink slip <\/span>in April \u2018<\/span>62<\/span>, Dexter Card <\/span>appeared on<\/span> <\/span>WERE<\/span>-Radio<\/span>; however, <\/span>not before <\/span>engaging in <\/span>a <\/span>legal <\/span>fight<\/span> with his <\/span>old<\/span> boss<\/span>es<\/span>.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cRuark Safari Nothing of Value,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, May 29, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In fact, <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span> <\/span>had<\/span> <\/span>threaten<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>him <\/span>with a court injunction <\/span>if <\/span>he <\/span>start<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>broadcast <\/span>on W<\/span>ERE<\/span> <\/span>right away<\/span>. <\/span>His <\/span>contract at <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>expressly <\/span>prohibited him from <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>on an<\/span>y <\/span>other station <\/span>within <\/span>a <\/span>fifty-<\/span>mile<\/span> radiu<\/span>s of Cleveland for <\/span>twelve <\/span>months<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>rapid <\/span>firing <\/span>of <\/span>several <\/span>other KYW <\/span>jocks <\/span>resulted in <\/span>Joe Mayer <\/span>assum<\/span>ing <\/span>both <\/span>the <\/span>late <\/span>afte<\/span>rnoon and early evening <\/span>slots. <\/span>Later <\/span>called <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Emperor Joe,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Mayer <\/span>remained a <\/span>Cleveland favorite <\/span>f<\/span>or <\/span>over <\/span>tw<\/span>o decades<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nAs <\/span><\/span>C<\/span>leveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span> channel checker Russ<\/span> <\/span>Kane <\/span>so <\/span>carefully pointed out <\/span>that June the non-stop merry go round of radio personalities continued <\/span>at <\/span>KY-11 <\/span>with Al James <\/span>expanding his duties after the firing of <\/span>Reb Foster.<\/span>[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cCondon Blacked Out for Jury Research,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, June 6, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In <\/span>mid-<\/span>1962, Cleveland ranked <\/span>seventh <\/span>nationally when it came to the <\/span>percentage of <\/span>families<\/span> listen<\/span>ing<\/span> to <\/span>FM radio.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cFM\u2019s Zing Shown in Market Study,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, June 11, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>That <\/span>breakthrough in listeners <\/span>enabled <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>to <\/span>re<\/span>tain <\/span>a <\/span>sizeable <\/span>lead over its <\/span>closest <\/span>r<\/span>ival<\/span>. After all, it <\/span>featur<\/span>ed <\/span>the<\/span> very<\/span> best in classical music <\/span>and <\/span>cultural <\/span>features<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Pulse Incorporated<\/span>, a <\/span>very <\/span>trusted name in the ratings game,<\/span> <\/span>helped <\/span>substantiate <\/span>that<\/span> claim <\/span>by <\/span>announc<\/span>ing <\/span>that <\/span>36% of <\/span>all <\/span>Cleveland families <\/span>listened to FM <\/span>radio<\/span>. <\/span>That <\/span>signified <\/span>a <\/span>major jump over <\/span>the previous <\/span>year<\/span>\u2019s percentage<\/span> of listeners<\/span>. <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>Chief Publicist Charles Getz <\/span>resign<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>that same month <\/span>to <\/span>join<\/span> a<\/span>n <\/span>ambitious <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>-based<\/span> <\/span>public relations <\/span>firm headed by <\/span>Norman Wain (1928-2020)<\/span>.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cPolicemen Object to Portrayal on TV,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, June 18, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Getz <\/span>later partnered with Bud Wendell before establishing his own <\/span>firm<\/span> <\/span>at the end of <\/span>th<\/span>e<\/span> decade<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThe pairing of Harry Martin <\/span>(1928-2009) <\/span>with Specs Howard <\/span>in <\/span>July <\/span>\u2018<\/span>62 <\/span>to create the <\/span>all-<\/span>new KYW morning team <\/span>was <\/span>pure <\/span>genius.[footnote]Russell W. Kane, \u201cYuk, Yuk, Yuk Team Takes Over Early Show,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, July 1, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It changed the nature <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>forever<\/span> <\/span>even <\/span>t<\/span>hough some <\/span>successful <\/span>radio <\/span>duos<\/span> <\/span>already existed<\/span>.<\/span> Klavan and Finch <\/span>on <\/span>WNEW<\/span>-<\/span>New York <\/span>and Baxter and Riley on WERE-Cleveland immediately come to mind. But what made this pair so different from their competitors was that KYW matched a straight man Specs Howard with the outrageous Harry Martin. Many critics, at the time, wondered if such vastly different personalities could work together successfully in this conservative blue collar town. However, KYW\u2019s programmers were willing to take the chance.<\/span>\r\n\r\nA <\/span>madcap <\/span>jock <\/span>from <\/span>KCBQ<\/span>-<\/span>S<\/span>an Diego, <\/span>Harry Martin <\/span>sh<\/span>ook <\/span>up <\/span>his <\/span>local <\/span>listening audience <\/span>whenever <\/span>and wherever <\/span>possible<\/span>. Meanwhile<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Specs Howard<\/span> <\/span>handled everything else<\/span>. <\/span>You\u2019ll never g<\/span>uess what<\/span> happened<\/span>. <\/span>Clevelanders loved <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>radio <\/span>duo <\/span>from the <\/span>very <\/span>start<\/span>. The whole Martin and Howard <\/span>radio <\/span>stick <\/span>began when Harry Martin<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>dressed in full Indian garb, <\/span>jumped <\/span>o<\/span>nto <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Municipal Field during a<\/span>n <\/span>Indians <\/span>home <\/span>game<\/span> and began dancing around<\/span>.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Much to the dismay of KYW\u2019s <\/span>creative <\/span>promotional department, WERE, the radio home of the Indians, <\/span>paid <\/span>little <\/span>attention<\/span> <\/span>these antics<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, that did not stop Martin and Howard from shaking hands and signing autographs <\/span>much to the <\/span>delight <\/span>of <\/span>the many <\/span>Indians <\/span>fans<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Martin\u2019s <\/span>pranks <\/span>m<\/span>ay <\/span>have <\/span>seem<\/span>ed<\/span> out of character <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>\u201c<\/span>good old<\/span>\u201d<\/span> Cleveland<\/span>; however, <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>did not <\/span>slow <\/span>him <\/span>d<\/span>own<\/span> <\/span>not <\/span>for <\/span>a single <\/span>minute<\/span>. <\/span>If anything, <\/span>it <\/span>encourage<\/span>d<\/span> him to do <\/span>even <\/span>crazier <\/span>things <\/span>in the years ahead<\/span>. <\/span>KYW promoters that July hosted a special night cruise <\/span>as a way of <\/span>introduc<\/span>ing <\/span>this new morning <\/span>team <\/span>to the public<\/span>. Over <\/span>eleven hundred <\/span>fan<\/span>s paid $2.75 <\/span>a piece <\/span>for this <\/span>special <\/span>trip. Cruise<\/span> <\/span>goers participated in amateur performances, a sing-a-long, a puppet shoe and<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>of course<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>various <\/span>prize winning <\/span>contests.[footnote]\u201cGet-acquainted Cruise,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, July 2, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>It proved very successful and within w<\/span>eeks Martin & Howard<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>morning <\/span>ratings <\/span>shot <\/span>right <\/span>through the ceiling<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>They dominated the Cleveland morning <\/span>radio <\/span>scene f<\/span>or the next several <\/span>years<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nIn a<\/span> <\/span>far <\/span>more <\/span>serious <\/span>vein<\/span>, the FCC<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>July <\/span>\u201962 <\/span>hel<\/span>d <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>special <\/span>hearing<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>broadcasting monopolies and their impact on <\/span>present day <\/span>network practices.[footnote]\u201cFCC Sets NBC-RKO Hearing,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, July 23, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he U.S. Attorney General<\/span> a<\/span>nd <\/span>representatives from <\/span>NBC<\/span> and W<\/span>BC <\/span>testif<\/span>ied <\/span>in front of th<\/span>is<\/span> committee <\/span>r<\/span>egard<\/span>ing <\/span>the <\/span>proposed <\/span>RKO<\/span>-NBC<\/span> exchange.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>made it <\/span>quite <\/span>clear that it <\/span>wanted <\/span>to <\/span>receive <\/span>two <\/span>WRCV <\/span>renewal <\/span>license<\/span>s<\/span> one for <\/span>19<\/span>57<\/span> and an<\/span>other <\/span>for <\/span>19<\/span>60.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As you might remember, t<\/span>he U.S. Court of Appeals <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>had <\/span>overruled <\/span>a similar <\/span>request<\/span> <\/span>made <\/span>by <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> previously<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Increasing a<\/span>ccusations <\/span>b<\/span>y <\/span>both <\/span>government and <\/span>business leader<\/span>s <\/span>over <\/span>potentially <\/span>serious <\/span>violation<\/span>s<\/span> of <\/span>federal <\/span>antitrust <\/span>laws<\/span> <\/span>committed <\/span>by that<\/span> same<\/span> network <\/span>continued to <\/span>p<\/span>ester <\/span>NBC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>very sharp <\/span>legal <\/span>counsel<\/span>. <\/span>Topping that list<\/span> of complaints <\/span>was <\/span>again <\/span>the <\/span>unwarranted <\/span>t<\/span>hreat<\/span> made by NBC <\/span>that it would have <\/span>pull<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>affiliation<\/span> <\/span>from certain <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse owned <\/span>television <\/span>stations if <\/span>that <\/span>trade <\/span>had not <\/span>proceeded<\/span> along a<\/span>s planned<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Some <\/span>critics <\/span>went do far as to <\/span>claim <\/span>that <\/span>NBC\u2019s actions constituted outright <\/span>blackmail. Of course, NBC denied <\/span>all charges <\/span>level<\/span>e<\/span>d against <\/span>by its opponents <\/span>by <\/span>saying <\/span>that <\/span>its <\/span>officials had scrupulously followed accepted procedures. A new radio personality Jim Stagg (1935-2007) made his 2 p.m. debut on KYW-Radio in August \u201862.[footnote]\u201cSchedule of Saturday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, August 11, 1962.[\/footnote] Prior to his arrival in Cleveland, he had worked at WYDE-Birmingham, AL; KYA-San Francisco and WOKY-Milwaukee. Stagg remained an important part of Cleveland radio until a shrewd new manager named Ken Draper recruited him for WCFL three years later. WCFL soon featured a very hip lineup. Not only did it include the likes of Jim Stagg and Ron Britain; but also, Jerry G, Larry Lujack, Barney Pip, Joel Sebastian and Dick Williamson. They quickly became major forces in Top 40 radio.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe September 17<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>issue of <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting, The Business Weekly of Television & Radio<\/span><\/span> <\/span>focused on <\/span>what was <\/span>radio\u2019s <\/span>secret to <\/span>its current <\/span>success. <\/span>A <\/span>new <\/span>study conducted by <\/span>CBS <\/span>of its <\/span>affiliates<\/span> came up with <\/span>the <\/span>seven <\/span>common denominators most responsible for radio\u2019s <\/span>incredible<\/span> <\/span>accomplishment<\/span>.[footnote]\u201cWhat\u2019s Radio\u2019s Success Secret?\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, September 17, 1962.[\/footnote] <\/span><\/span>First, <\/span>successful stations <\/span>display <\/span>their <\/span>new found <\/span>confidence by following <\/span>a <\/span>reasonable <\/span>business <\/span>agenda intended to promote <\/span>their <\/span>long-term <\/span>success<\/span>.<\/span> Second, <\/span>profitable outlets <\/span>encourage <\/span>their <\/span>many <\/span>employees <\/span>to be actively involved <\/span>in community affairs.\u00a0<\/span>Third, <\/span>well-<\/span>respected<\/span> radio enterprises establish <\/span>a <\/span>dependable<\/span> local <\/span>news o<\/span>peration <\/span>that <\/span>complement<\/span>s <\/span>their <\/span>national <\/span>affiliate<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>Fourth<\/span>, th<\/span>ey <\/span>hire <\/span>strong <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities for all shows but most especially the<\/span>ir<\/span> morning<\/span> gigs<\/span>. <\/span>Fifth<\/span>, <\/span>successful broadcasters <\/span>emphasize music diversity. <\/span>Sixth, <\/span>leading broadcasting entities feature extensive <\/span>local sports coverage. <\/span>Seventh, they<\/span> <\/span>actively <\/span>promot<\/span>e their efforts <\/span>by seeking out <\/span>advertis<\/span>ers who think <\/span>the<\/span> way they do<\/span>. <\/span>That same <\/span>CBS <\/span>poll <\/span>strongly <\/span>hinted <\/span>that <\/span>Top 40<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>was <\/span>rapidly <\/span>los<\/span>ing <\/span>its luster<\/span> in the radio market<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Of course, <\/span>that <\/span>was not true<\/span> at all<\/span>. <\/span>In fact, <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>stations <\/span>w<\/span>ere <\/span>popping up <\/span>i<\/span>n more and more places<\/span> <\/span>nationwide each and <\/span>every day<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nTh<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>drawn out <\/span>legal <\/span>battle <\/span>being <\/span>waged <\/span>be<\/span>tween Philco and NBC over <\/span>the right to <\/span>control <\/span>WRCV<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> licens<\/span>e <\/span>was far from <\/span>over<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cShowdown in NBC, Philco Dispute Arrives,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 22, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>In <\/span>late October<\/span>, t<\/span>he FCC <\/span>under the <\/span>watchful<\/span> eye of <\/span>its <\/span>Chief Examiner James D. Cunningham <\/span>(1900-1976) <\/span>attempted <\/span>to <\/span>settle <\/span>this <\/span>rather <\/span>awkward <\/span>issue <\/span>through <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>hearing.[footnote]\u201cA Muscling Job in Philadelphia,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 29, 1962.[\/footnote] <\/span><\/span>Th<\/span>is licensing <\/span>case <\/span>in some ways <\/span>bore a resemblance to <\/span>the <\/span>19<\/span>56 <\/span>swap <\/span>especially when it came to <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany <\/span>threaten<\/span>ing <\/span>to pull its <\/span>affiliation <\/span>f<\/span>rom <\/span>select <\/span>television<\/span> <\/span>outlets<\/span> <\/span>if <\/span>their parent companies did not comply with the <\/span>many stipu<\/span>l<\/span>ations <\/span>contained in their unique <\/span>agreement<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>It is interesting to note <\/span>at this time <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span>,<\/span> for a brief <\/span>interlude <\/span>in \u2018<\/span>54<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>seriously considered <\/span>exchanging <\/span>its <\/span>highly <\/span>sought after <\/span>Philly station <\/span>for an equiv<\/span>a<\/span>l<\/span>ent <\/span>CBS<\/span> outlet<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Had <\/span>that <\/span>ensued<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>hen th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>whole <\/span>legal mess <\/span>b<\/span>etween<\/span> NBC<\/span> and <\/span>WBC <\/span>would never have happened<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nIn the <\/span>autumn<\/span> of <\/span>19<\/span>62<\/span>, <\/span>KYW negotiators met with <\/span>r<\/span>e<\/span>presentatives from <\/span>the American Federation of Radio and Television Artist (AFRTA)<\/span>. They wanted <\/span>to <\/span>not only <\/span>resolv<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>present chaos <\/span>resulting from <\/span>the sudden <\/span>firing of <\/span>Ken<\/span>neth A.<\/span> <\/span>Bichl<\/span>; <\/span>but<\/span> also, <\/span>hammer<\/span> <\/span>out <\/span>a new contract<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cStrike Looming at KYW Radio,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, October 29, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>unexpected <\/span>firing of <\/span>Ken <\/span>Bichl<\/span> who had <\/span>served as the <\/span>AFTRA <\/span>u<\/span>nion president and <\/span>chief <\/span>steward <\/span>led to <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>massive <\/span>station <\/span>walkout<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>had <\/span>lasted for weeks. Th<\/span>e final <\/span>agreed-upon <\/span>contract <\/span>gave <\/span>station <\/span>announcers<\/span> <\/span>making<\/span> <\/span>$156<\/span> <\/span>a week a $10<\/span> <\/span>weekly <\/span>raise <\/span>for year <\/span>one <\/span>with <\/span>an <\/span>a<\/span>dditional <\/span>$10<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>following year<\/span>. <\/span>Also, i<\/span>n one fell swoop <\/span>they <\/span>updated <\/span>out-of-date <\/span>termination <\/span>rules <\/span>while increasing <\/span>the amount of <\/span>compensation for <\/span>performance time<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cStrike is Ended at KYW; Bichl Firing to Arbitration,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 19, 1962. \u201cKYW-AM-TV Strike Ends After Two Days,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, November 26, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>raditional t<\/span>alent fees <\/span>paid <\/span>for spot announcements <\/span>were <\/span>increased <\/span>from <\/span>$5<\/span> <\/span>to $7.50<\/span>. <\/span>Meanwhile<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Bichl\u2019s <\/span>case <\/span>went to <\/span>a<\/span> special <\/span>arbitration<\/span> board<\/span> for <\/span>its <\/span>consider<\/span>a<\/span>t<\/span>ion<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nA<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>corporate<\/span>-wide<\/span> <\/span>strategy<\/span> <\/span>f<\/span>i<\/span>rst i<\/span>ntroduced <\/span>that <\/span>November<\/span> <\/span>changed <\/span>the name <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>in<\/span>to <\/span>\u201cContact<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d[footnote]\u201cPlain Dealer Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 18, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Not <\/span>surpris<\/span>ingly<\/span>, the <\/span>feds <\/span>unanimously <\/span>denied <\/span>RKO<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>most recent <\/span>petition <\/span>that<\/span> had asked <\/span>for <\/span>a <\/span>temporary <\/span>exchange <\/span>of stations <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cFCC Vetoes Temporary NBC-RKO Swap,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, November 12, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Had <\/span>the U.S<\/span>. <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> <\/span>District Court <\/span>in <\/span>Philadelphia <\/span>uph<\/span>e<\/span>ld the <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>DOJ consent decree <\/span>and <\/span>refused <\/span>to <\/span>extend <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>December <\/span>\u201962 <\/span>deadline <\/span>then that network <\/span>would <\/span>have <\/span>had to <\/span>forfeit <\/span>its <\/span>Philly <\/span>license<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>an <\/span>estimated loss <\/span>of <\/span>$20<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Of course, <\/span>th<\/span>e FCC <\/span>did not hesitate to <\/span>grant NBC <\/span>its deadline <\/span>extension <\/span>while <\/span>reject<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>Philco\u2019s <\/span>latest <\/span>petition <\/span>calling for it <\/span>t<\/span>o <\/span>operate WRCV-TV<\/span> <\/span>for the time being<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, t<\/span>h<\/span>at<\/span> d<\/span>enial<\/span> <\/span>in itself <\/span>did <\/span>not <\/span>stop <\/span>Philco<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>seeking <\/span>a <\/span>building <\/span>permit to <\/span>erect <\/span>a new<\/span> <\/span>WRCV <\/span>television antenna<\/span>. <\/span>B<\/span>oth the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>Department <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>Philco <\/span>Corporation <\/span>continued to <\/span>oppos<\/span>e <\/span>NBC <\/span>r<\/span>eceiving <\/span>any <\/span>kind of a <\/span>deadline extension<\/span>.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>NBC<\/span> <\/span>sai<\/span>d <\/span>t<\/span>hat it <\/span>would never have <\/span>agreed to <\/span>sign <\/span>the consent decree<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>the<\/span> first place <\/span>had <\/span>it <\/span>suspected <\/span>then <\/span>that it might <\/span>lose <\/span>its <\/span>rights to <\/span>its <\/span>Philly <\/span>station.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0The network further <\/span>argued <\/span>that it<\/span>s board<\/span> <\/span>members <\/span>had not violated any antitrust laws and <\/span>that it <\/span>should <\/span>be allowed <\/span>to <\/span>exchange <\/span>any<\/span> station <\/span>it <\/span>wanted <\/span>to <\/span>anyone <\/span>at <\/span>any<\/span> <\/span>time<\/span>. <\/span>Over the past five years, <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>nearly <\/span>$5 <\/span>million<\/span> investment in WRCV<\/span>-Philadelphia<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>yield<\/span>ed <\/span>it <\/span>very <\/span>impressive returns<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]\u201cDenny Denies Threats to Westinghouse,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, December 24, 1962.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nNineteen sixty-two <\/span>ended with <\/span>NBC <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>deny<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>allegation<\/span>s<\/span> th<\/span>at it<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>coerced <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>into a<\/span>ccepting <\/span>the <\/span>trade<\/span> in \u201856<\/span>. <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>chief negotiator Charles R. Denny <\/span>(1912-2000)<\/span> who had <\/span>previously <\/span>served as<\/span> the FCC Chairman as well as <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>VP and General Counsel <\/span>further <\/span>claimed that <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany <\/span>h<\/span>ad <\/span>always <\/span>been treated <\/span>fairly<\/span>.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>He <\/span>also <\/span>reminded everyone that <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse Electric<\/span> <\/span>Company <\/span>was nearly <\/span>twice <\/span>the size of <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>.<\/span>[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>RCA-<\/span>N<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>negotiators <\/span>had <\/span>considered th<\/span>e Westinghouse Broadcasting Company <\/span>trade<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>part of <\/span>the <\/span>much <\/span>larger <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Denny Plan.\u201d<\/span> <\/span>That strategy had <\/span>mandated <\/span>extensive im<\/span>prov<\/span>ements for <\/span>c<\/span>ompany-<\/span>owned <\/span>facilitie<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>nationwide <\/span>once <\/span>the <\/span>commissioners <\/span>had granted RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>control of WBC\u2019s <\/span>station holdings in <\/span>Boston, Detroit<\/span>, Philadelphia<\/span> and San Francisco. <\/span>In exchange,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Compa<\/span>n<\/span>y <\/span>w<\/span>ould have <\/span>receive<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>very profitable radio and television outlets in Cleveland and Washington, D.C. However, problems soon popped up regarding the WRC-Washington, D.C. part of the deal. According to Denny, Westinghouse\u2019s disinclination to handle the red tape equated with owning and operating a major outlet in the District quickly narrowed the playing field down to only the Cleveland outlet.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote] During the winter of 1954 negotiations between the two networks suddenly came to a screeching halt when WBC redirected the bulk of its daily attention towards purchasing the Pittsburgh television station owned and operated by the Dumont Network. That delay lasted for months.[footnote]Ibid.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span>","rendered":"

KYW-<\/span>radio <\/span>love<\/span>d<\/span> the <\/span>many <\/span>good people <\/span>who <\/span>lived and worked <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>Greater <\/span>C<\/span>leveland.<\/span> <\/span>Without a doubt, m<\/span>aking th<\/span>at<\/span> station fun <\/span>for everyone <\/span>was <\/span>one of <\/span>Westinghouse\u2019s primary <\/span>business <\/span>objectives<\/span>. <\/span>Relying on <\/span>fast-talking <\/span>DJs <\/span>who played <\/span>only the <\/span>very <\/span>best in contemporary music <\/span>while providing <\/span>accurate <\/span>daily <\/span>weather forecasts<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>valuable <\/span>traffic reports<\/span>, <\/span>precise <\/span>sports coverage and <\/span>in-depth <\/span>newscasts<\/span> <\/span>fulfill<\/span>ed<\/span> that <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>unwavering <\/span>promise<\/span>. E<\/span>veryone <\/span>that <\/span>listen<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>in the <\/span>late \u201850s and <\/span>early \u201860s<\/span> <\/span>knew th<\/span>at <\/span>was <\/span>true<\/span>. <\/span>It<\/span>s <\/span>many <\/span>trendy <\/span>p<\/span>rogrammers <\/span>n<\/span>ever lost sight of<\/span> the importance of<\/span> <\/span>promoting <\/span>that <\/span>\u201c<\/span>happiness<\/span>\u201d<\/span> factor<\/span> each and every day<\/span>. I<\/span>nsert<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>cheerful <\/span>jingles <\/span>hundreds of times<\/span> <\/span>a day helped them to achieve th<\/span>at<\/span> goal<\/span> successfully<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

That <\/span>being said, this <\/span>highly <\/span>dedicated <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>outlet <\/span>took <\/span>its <\/span>latest <\/span>publicity efforts <\/span>to a<\/span>n even <\/span>higher level <\/span>in 1964 <\/span>when it <\/span>proudly <\/span>released <\/span>its own<\/span> <\/span>45<\/span> <\/span>single<\/span>. <\/span>With m<\/span>usic <\/span>by <\/span>the popular Madison Ave<\/span>nue <\/span>composer <\/span>of the day <\/span>Mitch Leigh <\/span>(1928-2014) <\/span>and <\/span>lyrics by Jane Griffin<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>\u201c<\/span>A Cleveland Love Song<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>made its <\/span>debut<\/span> <\/span>on the <\/span>June 19<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>edition of the <\/span>Jim Stagg Show. <\/span>A<\/span>n immediate <\/span>hit<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>it was <\/span>re-released <\/span>just in time for the <\/span>Christmas<\/span> <\/span>holiday<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Some of you <\/span>might <\/span>remember its <\/span>composer <\/span>Mitch Leigh. He <\/span>later <\/span>gained <\/span>much acclaim for composing the musical score for the Broadway blockbuster of the \u201860s known as \u201cMan of La Mancha.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Although <\/span>the <\/span>melody <\/span>of this song wa<\/span>s <\/span>in some ways <\/span>similar to the<\/span> <\/span>contemporary <\/span>hit by the <\/span>Ray Charles Singers <\/span>called <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Love Me with All Your Heart<\/span>,\u201d this <\/span>particular <\/span>release <\/span>stood on its own<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The chief <\/span>purpose <\/span>behind <\/span>this <\/span>song <\/span>was <\/span>for <\/span>K<\/span>YW to <\/span>praise <\/span>its newly <\/span>adopted city<\/span> and <\/span>its <\/span>many <\/span>great people<\/span>. <\/span>The word<\/span>s<\/span> and the music <\/span>may seem simple <\/span>in <\/span>t<\/span>oday\u2019s <\/span>highly <\/span>sophis<\/span>ticated <\/span>world<\/span>,<\/span> but <\/span>don\u2019t let that fool you <\/span>it <\/span>achieve<\/span>d<\/span> its <\/span>purpose<\/span>. Most importantly, <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>very <\/span>likeable <\/span>tune forged <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>strong <\/span>bond between <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>and <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>many <\/span>loyal <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>a connection <\/span>t<\/span>h<\/span>at <\/span>still <\/span>exist<\/span>s<\/span> among <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>most dyed-in-the-wool <\/span>fan<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>right <\/span>to the present day<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, before we get ahead of ourselves<\/span>,<\/span> let\u2019s see what <\/span>was <\/span>happen<\/span>ing <\/span>before <\/span>that song<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>release<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>K<\/span>nown <\/span>at the beginni<\/span>ng of the 19<\/span>60s <\/span>as \u201cthe S<\/span>tation with the <\/span>Million<\/span> Dollar Sound,\u201d <\/span>KYW-<\/span>Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>never <\/span>disregarded <\/span>the importan<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>role played by <\/span>its <\/span>outstanding <\/span>news<\/span> team<\/span>. Who could forget<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>famous <\/span>byline \u201cWhen i<\/span>ts <\/span>n<\/span>ews <\/span>e<\/span>lsewhere<\/span>,<\/span> its <\/span>h<\/span>istory at <\/span>KYW?<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>As <\/span>we<\/span> will see <\/span>later, the <\/span>frequen<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>replaying of <\/span>its <\/span>jingles only <\/span>served to reinforce <\/span>that <\/span>close <\/span>connection be<\/span>ing <\/span>shaped <\/span>be<\/span>tween its <\/span>growing <\/span>fan<\/span>-bas<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>and the <\/span>broadcasting outlet <\/span>they loved so <\/span>much<\/span>. <\/span>Abrupt c<\/span>hanges in <\/span>its radio <\/span>lineup <\/span>started <\/span>as early as <\/span>May 19<\/span>60 <\/span>when <\/span>Dick Reynolds <\/span>unexpectedly <\/span>left <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> <\/span>the bright lights of <\/span>Phil<\/span>ly <\/span>and <\/span>WIP <\/span>610 <\/span>AM<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>A freelancer <\/span>named <\/span>Keith Morris <\/span>took over his <\/span>s<\/span>how<\/span>.<\/span>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

A May 13<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>article<\/span> <\/span>dealt <\/span>with <\/span>a <\/span>new <\/span>growing concern <\/span>that was <\/span>affecting the broadcasting industry<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>general<\/span>. T<\/span>he <\/span>increasingly <\/span>high value <\/span>that <\/span>major <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>networks <\/span>were <\/span>plac<\/span>ing<\/span> on <\/span>owning and <\/span>o<\/span>perating <\/span>prime <\/span>facilitie<\/span>s <\/span>with<\/span>in <\/span>some of <\/span>our <\/span>nation\u2019s <\/span>biggest <\/span>market<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>appeared to be <\/span>overriding <\/span>their <\/span>long-term <\/span>commitment <\/span>to provide <\/span>the <\/span>very best <\/span>in entertainment and <\/span>news<\/span> 24\/7<\/span>.<\/span>[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>F<\/span>ew of <\/span>those <\/span>networks <\/span>ever <\/span>considered <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>repercussion <\/span>that <\/span>might <\/span>result<\/span> <\/span>when <\/span>their own<\/span> <\/span>particular <\/span>business needs <\/span>took <\/span>precedence <\/span>over the <\/span>public<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>interests<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>n<\/span>ever ending <\/span>parade of new <\/span>station <\/span>owners <\/span>with<\/span>in <\/span>major radio markets <\/span>proved <\/span>especially unnerving <\/span>to <\/span>na\u00efve <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>who <\/span>were <\/span>ill <\/span>prepared for <\/span>such <\/span>frequent<\/span>, <\/span>intense <\/span>changes<\/span>. Of course, <\/span>both <\/span>the <\/span>Westingho<\/span>use <\/span>Broadcasting Company <\/span>and <\/span>KYW <\/span>radio and television <\/span>b<\/span>e<\/span>li<\/span>e<\/span>ved in those <\/span>tenets <\/span>although officials <\/span>in both camps <\/span>remained <\/span>coy <\/span>when <\/span>it came to <\/span>explaining <\/span>to the public <\/span>what <\/span>exactly <\/span>prom<\/span>pt<\/span>ed <\/span>th<\/span>eir <\/span>actions.<\/span> <\/span>Nevertheless<\/span>, the<\/span>y <\/span>rarely <\/span>tri<\/span>e<\/span>d to <\/span>minimize or <\/span>soften <\/span>the <\/span>negative<\/span> aspects <\/span>of <\/span>regularly <\/span>swapping <\/span>outlets<\/span>. <\/span>Instead, t<\/span>hey<\/span> <\/span>preferred <\/span>to<\/span> s<\/span>howcase <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>many <\/span>outstanding <\/span>programming <\/span>achievements<\/span> <\/span>occurring <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>late <\/span>\u201850s and <\/span>early <\/span>\u201860s<\/span>. <\/span>What they didn\u2019t talk <\/span>much <\/span>about <\/span>were <\/span>their <\/span>f<\/span>uture plans<\/span> and how <\/span>they might affect local broadcasting<\/span>. <\/span>Some of <\/span>those long-term plans<\/span>,<\/span> if actually <\/span>adopt<\/span>ed<\/span>,<\/span> would have r<\/span>adical<\/span>ly changed <\/span>traditional <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>norms.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Many of t<\/span>h<\/span>os<\/span>e <\/span>more immediate<\/span>, often <\/span>seemingly <\/span>cosmetic <\/span>changes <\/span>occurring in mid-\u201860s radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>really <\/span>represented <\/span>an <\/span>assimilation<\/span> <\/span>of the <\/span>many <\/span>suggestions<\/span> <\/span>for improvements <\/span>submitted by its loyal fans ove<\/span>r<\/span> <\/span>the past several <\/span>years<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>As <\/span>its <\/span>promoters <\/span>reiterated <\/span>\u201cwe are <\/span>de<\/span>di<\/span>cated to <\/span>providing <\/span>our <\/span>many <\/span>fans <\/span>with <\/span>what <\/span>they need and <\/span>want<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0What they failed to mention was th<\/span>e fact that <\/span>most <\/span>of <\/span>those <\/span>new <\/span>programming <\/span>initiatives <\/span>were <\/span>aimed <\/span>at one thing <\/span>and <\/span>on<\/span>ly on<\/span>e<\/span> thing <\/span>achieving <\/span>high <\/span>returns<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>After all, <\/span>KYW-Radio was <\/span>not <\/span>some <\/span>local, <\/span>non-profit <\/span>charit<\/span>y<\/span>,<\/span> far from it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Whether anyone cared to <\/span>acknowledge that <\/span>fact <\/span>or not <\/span>was <\/span>of little consequence <\/span>to <\/span>its <\/span>profit seeking <\/span>board<\/span>. T<\/span>his<\/span> radio<\/span> station <\/span>was <\/span>first and foremost <\/span>a <\/span>for<\/span>–<\/span>profit <\/span>enterprise<\/span> <\/span>whose <\/span>very <\/span>survival depended on <\/span>a <\/span>continu<\/span>ally expanding listening audience <\/span>driven <\/span>by <\/span>well-heeled <\/span>advertisers<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>I<\/span>f <\/span>that was <\/span>done <\/span>effective<\/span>ly <\/span>that <\/span>would <\/span>generate <\/span>exceptionally <\/span>high returns<\/span>. <\/span>S<\/span>uccessful <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>from its humble beginnings in the 1920s, <\/span>rarely deviated from <\/span>that business model<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Regarding the current legal squabble<\/span>, t<\/span>h<\/span>e <\/span>feds <\/span>reluctance to act <\/span>quickly <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>the RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> <\/span>petition <\/span>surprised <\/span>many <\/span>in the broadcasting <\/span>industry including<\/span> <\/span>those at <\/span>W<\/span>B<\/span>C<\/span>.<\/span>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>disinclination <\/span>o<\/span>f the U.S. 3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> District Court in Philadelphia to respond <\/span>rapidly <\/span>to <\/span>Westinghouse\u2019s <\/span>recently filed <\/span>counter suit <\/span>aimed at stopping it <\/span>greatly alarmed <\/span>its <\/span>Board of Directors<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>It was not alone <\/span>in its concern. <\/span><\/span>The San Francisco Chronicle<\/span><\/span><\/em> a<\/span>ided by i<\/span>ts <\/span>very <\/span>powerful <\/span>broadcasting arm <\/span>KRON-TV <\/span>went<\/span> through <\/span>a similar experience<\/span> when <\/span>they <\/span>approached the court<\/span>. <\/span>In fact, t<\/span>h<\/span>is <\/span>highly <\/span>influential<\/span>, powerful<\/span> <\/span>West C<\/span>oast <\/span>media giant <\/span>was not subtle when it <\/span>reminded the <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> District C<\/span>ourt <\/span>that NBC<\/span>\u2019s high handed <\/span>corporate <\/span>dealings <\/span>had <\/span>obliged <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>Broadcasting Company <\/span>to accept <\/span>what<\/span> many experts in the field believed to be <\/span>a<\/span> less tha<\/span>n <\/span>perfect <\/span>business <\/span>arrangement <\/span>in <\/span>\u201956<\/span>. <\/span><\/span>The San Francisco Chronicle<\/span><\/span> <\/span>insisted <\/span>that the <\/span>feds <\/span>must initiate <\/span>stricter <\/span>exchange <\/span>guidelines <\/span>before cons<\/span>idering <\/span>any <\/span>petition<\/span> submitted by RKO<\/span>-General<\/span>.<\/span>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th<\/span>at California<\/span>-based<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>giant <\/span>further <\/span>contend<\/span>ed that before <\/span>initiating <\/span>any <\/span>substantial changes to the <\/span>present <\/span>station <\/span>trade guidelines<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>fed<\/span>eral officials must <\/span>first <\/span>maintain <\/span>the status quo <\/span>regarding <\/span>the procedures <\/span>local <\/span>stations <\/span>must follow when<\/span>ever they intended to<\/span> <\/span>switch<\/span> <\/span>network<\/span> affiliation<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>Federal<\/span> compliance to this <\/span>West Coast <\/span>media<\/span>\u2019s demand <\/span>would <\/span>not bode well for <\/span>either <\/span>RKO<\/span> or <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span>. <\/span>Both <\/span>networks <\/span>defended<\/span> <\/span>their <\/span>rather callous <\/span>actions<\/span> <\/span>by <\/span>claiming <\/span>that <\/span>their request would <\/span>serve <\/span>the <\/span>best interest<\/span>s<\/span> of the <\/span>public<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In their minds, <\/span>there was no other <\/span>plausible <\/span>argument.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Furthermore<\/span>, <\/span>RKO and <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>had <\/span>willingly<\/span> <\/span>fulfilled <\/span>a<\/span>ll <\/span>the <\/span>legal obligation<\/span>s <\/span>required <\/span>of them <\/span>under <\/span>the <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>DOJ <\/span>consent decree.<\/span> <\/span>Yet<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in the eyes of <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>oard <\/span>members <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>actions <\/span>s<\/span>eemed <\/span>highly <\/span>orchestrated<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>uncanny <\/span>ability <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> lawyers <\/span>to skirt<\/span> <\/span>around <\/span>the <\/span>purported <\/span>business <\/span>improprieties <\/span>further <\/span>infuriated <\/span>U.S. Rep. <\/span>Emanuel <\/span>Celler<\/span> and his <\/span>house <\/span>committee<\/span>.<\/span>[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>An outspoken<\/span> <\/span>New York <\/span>politician<\/span>,<\/span> with a <\/span>long history <\/span>of <\/span>defending <\/span>th<\/span>e <\/span>downtrodden<\/span>, <\/span>Celler<\/span> <\/span>immediately <\/span>re<\/span>–<\/span>conven<\/span>ed<\/span> his <\/span>c<\/span>ommittee <\/span>to <\/span>see <\/span>if <\/span>any <\/span>further <\/span>legal <\/span>action <\/span>could <\/span>be taken <\/span>to stop <\/span>the <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> deal<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Both W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>and Philco <\/span>believed <\/span>that <\/span>they had <\/span>every <\/span>legal <\/span>right to <\/span>challenge <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>swap<\/span>. They <\/span>claim<\/span>ed<\/span> that <\/span>RKO<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>legal<\/span> actions<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>occurring <\/span>only <\/span>a<\/span>fter all <\/span>the <\/span>parties <\/span>involved <\/span>in the deal <\/span>had signed the consent decree<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>seemed to directly <\/span>challenge <\/span>both <\/span>the <\/span>DOJ\u2019s legal authority<\/span> and its position<\/span> in this matter<\/span>.<\/span>[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>In this instance, t<\/span>he <\/span>reluctance <\/span>of <\/span>the U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>dispute <\/span>RKO\u2019s <\/span>rather <\/span>narrow in<\/span>terpretation of the law <\/span>followed by <\/span>a <\/span>mis<\/span>representation of <\/span>its <\/span>own<\/span> <\/span>submitted <\/span>petition <\/span>sent <\/span>shock<\/span>waves <\/span>throughout<\/span> the<\/span> <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio-<\/span>industry<\/span>. <\/span>Some of the <\/span>best legal minds <\/span>of the day <\/span>seriously <\/span>question<\/span>ed<\/span> the <\/span>DOJ<\/span>\u2019s judgment. <\/span>Logic dictated that if <\/span>the <\/span>recent <\/span>actions <\/span>taken by RKO and NBC <\/span>were <\/span>in <\/span>some way<\/span> <\/span>fraudulent <\/span>then <\/span>why <\/span>didn\u2019t <\/span>the feds <\/span>just <\/span>flat<\/span>ly <\/span>deny<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>request?<\/span> <\/span>Increas<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>opposition<\/span> from <\/span>many <\/span>legal <\/span>circles <\/span>len<\/span>t<\/span> further cred<\/span>ence <\/span>to <\/span>that <\/span>particular <\/span>bone of <\/span>contention<\/span>. <\/span>Yet, nothing was done to <\/span>stop it<\/span>. As you might have alread<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>figured out, <\/span>there was <\/span>much <\/span>more to <\/span>it tha<\/span>n <\/span>what <\/span>first <\/span>met the eye<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Clever l<\/span>egal <\/span>teams <\/span>representing <\/span>RKO<\/span>–<\/span>General<\/span> and <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>very <\/span>well prepared on <\/span>a mul<\/span>ti<\/span>tude <\/span>of legal <\/span>levels. <\/span>The <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>took the lead <\/span>in all of this by having its counsel present <\/span>a <\/span>most <\/span>convincing <\/span>counter argument. <\/span>It claimed <\/span>that <\/span>local <\/span>broadca<\/span>sters <\/span>frequently <\/span>change <\/span>affiliation<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span> few<\/span> <\/span>ever <\/span>thinking twice about<\/span> what had just transpired<\/span>. <\/span>E<\/span>veryday <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>pressures <\/span>that <\/span>rang<\/span>ed<\/span> from <\/span>escalating <\/span>overhead <\/span>costs <\/span>to <\/span>plummeting <\/span>profit<\/span>s <\/span>generally <\/span>took <\/span>center stage <\/span>over <\/span>such inconsequential things as <\/span>changing <\/span>affiliate<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>The prevailing <\/span>feeling <\/span>among <\/span>most <\/span>broadcasters<\/span> <\/span>of that era <\/span>was <\/span>that i<\/span>f <\/span>one affiliate <\/span>did not <\/span>meaningfully <\/span>improve their <\/span>local <\/span>ratings <\/span>the<\/span>n perhaps another <\/span>would<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>hat <\/span>fundamental<\/span> <\/span>legal <\/span>defense <\/span>proved <\/span>very <\/span>effective<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> a<\/span>n <\/span>unforeseen <\/span>reversal<\/span> in roles<\/span>, <\/span>the U. S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of Justice <\/span>openly <\/span>attacked <\/span>some of <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>harshest <\/span>critics<\/span>. It said <\/span>that <\/span>the network <\/span>had done <\/span>no<\/span>thing<\/span> <\/span>wrong <\/span>legal<\/span>ly <\/span>when it <\/span>submitt<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>to the FCC <\/span>its <\/span>NBC-<\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>petition<\/span> in \u201856<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>two <\/span>networks viewed it as <\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>honest <\/span>swap<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mr. Celler<\/span>\u2019s committee<\/span> <\/span>strongly <\/span>disagreed <\/span>with th<\/span>is <\/span>latest <\/span>DOJ <\/span>contention <\/span>by claiming <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>unusual<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>high <\/span>number of antitrust<\/span>-related<\/span> complaints and violations <\/span>leveled <\/span>against NBC <\/span>in <\/span>the past several <\/span>years <\/span>required <\/span>that <\/span>the<\/span> federal<\/span> courts <\/span>begin to <\/span>re-<\/span>examine whether <\/span>that network <\/span>had <\/span>indeed <\/span>violat<\/span>ed <\/span>the Sherman Act<\/span> durin<\/span>g negotiation<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In a<\/span>n equally<\/span> <\/span>alarming <\/span>move, t<\/span>he <\/span>U.S. <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> <\/span>District Court in Philadelphia in June 1960 <\/span>re<\/span>jected <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>earlier <\/span>appeal <\/span>call<\/span>ing <\/span>for <\/span>the feds t<\/span>o <\/span>deny <\/span>the <\/span>current <\/span>RKO-NBC <\/span>station trade<\/span>.<\/span>[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The <\/span>J<\/span>ustice Department\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>legal counsel <\/span>further <\/span>stunned <\/span>leaders in the <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio <\/span>industry<\/span> <\/span>when it said <\/span>that <\/span>if <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>should <\/span>decide<\/span> <\/span>in the next <\/span>several<\/span> months <\/span>to pull <\/span>its affiliation <\/span>from <\/span>one or more <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>stations <\/span>in question <\/span>that <\/span>its <\/span>actions <\/span>would <\/span>not <\/span>be <\/span>construed as <\/span>directly <\/span>violating <\/span>its <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>consent <\/span>decree.<\/span>[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> Th<\/span>at <\/span>180<\/span>–<\/span>degree <\/span>reversal <\/span>by <\/span>the DOJ<\/span> <\/span>greatly <\/span>angered<\/span> <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>higher ups<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>felt <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> had <\/span>somehow <\/span>be<\/span>trayed them <\/span>at a time <\/span>when <\/span>they <\/span>needed <\/span>the <\/span>fed<\/span>s <\/span>to <\/span>re<\/span>medy <\/span>this <\/span>alleged <\/span>wrong<\/span>. Of course, <\/span>WBC <\/span>publicists <\/span>w<\/span>ere<\/span> smart enough <\/span>not <\/span>to <\/span>vent out <\/span>their <\/span>frustration to the <\/span>general <\/span>public<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>knew <\/span>that <\/span>the adverse <\/span>publicity <\/span>res<\/span>ulting f<\/span>rom <\/span>s<\/span>uch <\/span>an<\/span> <\/span>unconcealed <\/span>attack <\/span>against <\/span>a <\/span>media giant, <\/span>such as NBC<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>would <\/span>unquestionably<\/span> have serious repercussions for both the Westinghouse Broadcasting Company and its many successful affiliates including KYW-Cleveland<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

However, t<\/span>h<\/span>e <\/span>hesitancy o<\/span>n the part of <\/span>the <\/span>feds <\/span>to deny the RKO<\/span>-NBC<\/span> petition <\/span>outright <\/span>greatly <\/span>worr<\/span>ied<\/span> W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>legal <\/span>counsel<\/span>. <\/span>What if in the process <\/span>of reviewing the current exchange proposal <\/span>federal <\/span>officials <\/span>should decide that the <\/span>\u201956 <\/span>station <\/span>exchange <\/span>was <\/span>indeed <\/span>illegal <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>might <\/span>compel <\/span>NBC and WBC to return their stations <\/span>to <\/span>their <\/span>original <\/span>cities?<\/span> <\/span>Such action <\/span>might not be <\/span>viewed <\/span>as <\/span>earthshattering<\/span> by the <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio industry <\/span>in <\/span>general<\/span>,<\/span> but <\/span>it would <\/span>certainly <\/span>prove <\/span>costly <\/span>and time consuming <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>two <\/span>n<\/span>etworks<\/span> involved<\/span>. <\/span>Nevertheless<\/span>, <\/span>both <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>and WRCV<\/span>-Philadelphia <\/span>began preparing for <\/span>just such an event should it<\/span> <\/span>develop<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>O<\/span>dd<\/span>s <\/span>makers <\/span>in the <\/span>spring<\/span> of \u2018<\/span>60<\/span> <\/span>said that the<\/span> chances of <\/span>the <\/span>federal <\/span>courts <\/span>reversing th<\/span>at <\/span>earlier <\/span>FCC <\/span>decision <\/span>were slim to none<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span>y said that the<\/span> worst <\/span>might <\/span>be that <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span> <\/span>would <\/span>receive a generous<\/span> <\/span>check <\/span>from<\/span> NBC<\/span> <\/span>to cover any <\/span>inconvenience<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>WBC <\/span>might have <\/span>experienced <\/span>during <\/span>its <\/span>relocation<\/span> <\/span>to Cleveland <\/span>nearly a decade earlier<\/span>. <\/span>But, that would <\/span>surely <\/span>be the extent of <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Concerning <\/span>the <\/span>pending <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General <\/span>request, <\/span>W<\/span>BC\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>legal team <\/span>presented <\/span>a very strong argument <\/span>saying <\/span>that if <\/span>the <\/span>feds <\/span>approve<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>the petition <\/span>unconditionally <\/span>that <\/span>would <\/span>lead to <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>gain<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>control <\/span>of <\/span>five of th<\/span>is nation\u2019s <\/span>t<\/span>op <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>markets<\/span>.<\/span>[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Equally <\/span>import<\/span>ant, it would <\/span>nullify <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Department<\/span> of Justice\u2019s <\/span>consent <\/span>decree<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s legal team<\/span> concluded that the <\/span>many <\/span>complaints <\/span>leveled <\/span>against <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>over th<\/span>e past decade <\/span>were <\/span>very much <\/span>warranted<\/span> <\/span>based on its <\/span>malicious <\/span>and <\/span>willfully<\/span> <\/span>repeated <\/span>violat<\/span>ions of <\/span>the current <\/span>federal <\/span>law<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>If that was <\/span>proven <\/span>to be <\/span>true that <\/span>might <\/span>well <\/span>set in<\/span>to<\/span> motion <\/span>specific legal actions <\/span>designed <\/span>to <\/span>overturn <\/span>a<\/span> rejected <\/span>WBC appeal <\/span>adjudicated <\/span>previously <\/span>by <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> <\/span>U.S. District Court<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>Judge William H. Kirkpatrick<\/span>. <\/span>You might <\/span>also <\/span>remember <\/span>that <\/span>in <\/span>rendering that decision <\/span>Judge <\/span>Kirkpatrick<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>contend<\/span>ed <\/span>that <\/span>his actions were prompted by his <\/span>limited <\/span>jurisdiction <\/span>powers <\/span>that <\/span>only <\/span>permitted <\/span>th<\/span>os<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>parties <\/span>directly <\/span>involved in the <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>consent decree to apply to <\/span>his <\/span>court for <\/span>additional<\/span> orders. <\/span>A<\/span>fter <\/span>ha<\/span>ving <\/span>made<\/span> the <\/span>rounds<\/span>,<\/span> th<\/span>at<\/span> yet to be <\/span>resolved <\/span>RKO<\/span>-NBC<\/span> <\/span>petition<\/span> <\/span>returned to <\/span>the <\/span>same U.S. <\/span>District Court<\/span> <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>that July<\/span> for <\/span>additional <\/span>consideration<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As w<\/span>as<\/span> mentioned <\/span>previously<\/span>, <\/span>Keith Morris\u2019s tenure <\/span>at KY<\/span>-11<\/span> <\/span>proved <\/span>to be very <\/span>short-<\/span>lived<\/span>. H<\/span>owever, he soon <\/span>re<\/span>appeared <\/span>on WHK<\/span>-Radio<\/span>. H<\/span>is <\/span>replace<\/span>ment <\/span>at KYW <\/span>was <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>Youngstown<\/span> <\/span>DJ called <\/span>Frank \u201c<\/span>Swingin<\/span>\u2019 Sweeney <\/span>(1933-2017)<\/span>. Joining <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>t<\/span>eam <\/span>that <\/span>same summer<\/span>, <\/span>Sweeney <\/span>split <\/span>his <\/span>evening <\/span>duties<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>promotional department <\/span>proudly <\/span>proclaimed <\/span>\u201cThe Swing\u2019s to Sweeney, <\/span>Swingin<\/span>! Sweeney That Is,\u201d<\/span> As <\/span>we <\/span>will <\/span>soon <\/span>see<\/span>, <\/span>he <\/span>was a <\/span>wild and <\/span>crazy <\/span>guy who <\/span>provided <\/span>all <\/span>sorts <\/span>of <\/span>fun <\/span>contest<\/span>s<\/span> for his <\/span>loyal <\/span>listen<\/span>ers<\/span>. <\/span>Viewed from the <\/span>beginning <\/span>as <\/span>a <\/span>pace<\/span>setter <\/span>for <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>growing <\/span>teen<\/span> audience<\/span>, <\/span>Frank <\/span>Sweeney <\/span>was <\/span>well <\/span>worth his weight in gold<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In terms of <\/span>the <\/span>current <\/span>Phil<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>situation<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>proudly <\/span>declared <\/span>a small victory <\/span>in July 19<\/span>60 <\/span>when <\/span>the <\/span>feds <\/span>didn\u2019t <\/span>convene <\/span>their<\/span> <\/span>WCVR <\/span>license renewal<\/span> hearing<\/span>.<\/span>[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>F<\/span>ederal officials <\/span>also <\/span>thr<\/span>ew <\/span>out <\/span>Philco<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>earlier <\/span>charges <\/span>against <\/span>NBC<\/span>. <\/span>Yet throughout it all<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>RKO<\/span>–<\/span>General <\/span>propos<\/span>al <\/span>remained on the <\/span>table<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>I<\/span>n a last ditched effort<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Philco<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>attorneys <\/span>reminded the <\/span>U.S. 3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> District C<\/span>ourt <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>that <\/span>the DOJ <\/span>consent decree <\/span>specified that RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>could <\/span>no longer <\/span>either <\/span>own<\/span> <\/span>or operate <\/span>WCVR<\/span>.<\/span>[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Many legal experts <\/span>at that moment seriously <\/span>wondered <\/span>whether <\/span>that <\/span>legal <\/span>argument would <\/span>hold up <\/span>in <\/span>the federal <\/span>court<\/span>s<\/span> should <\/span>the F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>omm<\/span>unications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> <\/span>reverse its <\/span>earlier <\/span>decision <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>\u201956 s<\/span>wap.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile on<\/span> the home front, a<\/span> <\/span>July \u201960 <\/span>Westinghouse ad <\/span>proudly<\/span> proclaimed that its radio network <\/span>now <\/span>b<\/span>roadcasted <\/span>more <\/span>music, <\/span>news, service announcements<\/span>, traffic alerts<\/span> and<\/span> weather <\/span>reports <\/span>than <\/span>anyone<\/span> else<\/span>. <\/span>It also <\/span>pointed out that its <\/span>consistent <\/span>high <\/span>rat<\/span>ings meant <\/span>even <\/span>greater <\/span>sales <\/span>for <\/span>advertisers<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>bought large blocks of <\/span>KYW-Radio <\/span>airtime<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>intensifying <\/span>public <\/span>demand <\/span>for <\/span>more <\/span>national and international <\/span>news<\/span> <\/span>convinced <\/span>the <\/span>WBC Board of Directors <\/span>to <\/span>increase the <\/span>number of <\/span>its <\/span>Washington<\/span> <\/span>bureau<\/span>\u2019s phone lines<\/span>.<\/span>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>It<\/span> sai<\/span>d that any <\/span>financial losses <\/span>incurred <\/span>by stations <\/span>in <\/span>addi<\/span>ng those <\/span>lines <\/span>would be <\/span>made up <\/span>on<\/span>c<\/span>e <\/span>the system <\/span>was <\/span>ful<\/span>ly operational<\/span>.<\/span>[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A new program debuted <\/span>in the <\/span>summer <\/span>of <\/span>19<\/span>60 <\/span>to <\/span>very <\/span>positive <\/span>local <\/span>reviews<\/span>. Called \u201cPoliscope,\u201d <\/span>it replaced the <\/span>night<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>Jazz Show.<\/span>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>S<\/span>ome <\/span>highly <\/span>incensed <\/span>listeners <\/span>were <\/span>very much <\/span>distracted by <\/span>the <\/span>booming <\/span>voice<\/span>over<\/span> <\/span>now <\/span>heard at <\/span>all <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>break<\/span>.<\/span> Apparently, it <\/span>not only <\/span>overpowered <\/span>the music <\/span>being <\/span>played<\/span>; but also, <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>reminding <\/span>everyone <\/span>that <\/span>th<\/span>e station <\/span>was <\/span>a <\/span>public service<\/span>.<\/span>[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Personnel<\/span> changes <\/span>t<\/span>hat <\/span>August <\/span>saw <\/span>Jack Linn, a <\/span>fo<\/span>r<\/span>mer <\/span>Accounting <\/span>Executive at <\/span>Howson Advertising<\/span> <\/span>bec<\/span>om<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>newest <\/span>National Sales Rep<\/span>resentative<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That <\/span>announcement <\/span>was <\/span>on the heels of <\/span>the arrival of <\/span>Jack N. Bennett<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Formerly of <\/span>WCAR-<\/span>Detroit<\/span>, <\/span>Bennett <\/span>assumed the role of <\/span>KYW <\/span>News Editor<\/span>. At the same time, <\/span>Perry M. Beaumont<\/span> <\/span>took over as <\/span>that station\u2019s <\/span>lead <\/span>salesmen<\/span>.<\/span>[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span>he Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>reminded <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>many <\/span>listeners <\/span>that <\/span>if <\/span>they <\/span>intended <\/span>to <\/span>lodge a <\/span>phone<\/span> <\/span>complaint<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>any Friday<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u2019s\u201d <\/span>newest <\/span>segment <\/span>\u201cWhat\u2019s on Your Mind\u201d <\/span>expect <\/span>to <\/span>talk to Carl Stern <\/span>and <\/span>not Specs Howard.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Stern <\/span>w<\/span>ill <\/span>gladly <\/span>tape <\/span>your <\/span>complaint <\/span>for <\/span>that night\u2019s <\/span>broadcast<\/span>.<\/span>[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>he first week of August<\/span> <\/span>saw <\/span>the <\/span>hotly contested <\/span>legal <\/span>debate <\/span>over <\/span>the RKO<\/span>-NBC<\/span> petition <\/span>rear its u<\/span>gly <\/span>head<\/span> <\/span>once <\/span>again<\/span>. <\/span>WBC\u2019s legal <\/span>eagles <\/span>a<\/span>sked <\/span>the F<\/span>ederal <\/span>C<\/span>ommunications <\/span>C<\/span>ommission<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>o <\/span>re<\/span>consider <\/span>RKO General<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>petition <\/span>along with <\/span>related <\/span>trafficking licenses <\/span>and <\/span>construction permits.<\/span>[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>The team further <\/span>reminded the <\/span>feds <\/span>that any <\/span>hasty <\/span>decision<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>on their part<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>might <\/span>well <\/span>be <\/span>perceived <\/span>as <\/span>not <\/span>properly <\/span>serv<\/span>ing <\/span>the <\/span>public\u2019s <\/span>best interests<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>same <\/span>summer<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>FCC\u2019s <\/span>Radio Advertising Bureau released a<\/span> <\/span>report <\/span>that <\/span>included, <\/span>amo<\/span>n<\/span>g other things<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>latest <\/span>percentage<\/span>s<\/span> of teenagers <\/span>l<\/span>isten<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span> from <\/span>4 p.m. to <\/span>Mid<\/span>night<\/span>. <\/span>Th<\/span>ose <\/span>percent<\/span>age<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>hovered <\/span>around <\/span>10% to 11% depending on the hour<\/span>.<\/span>[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>During that same period, W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>advertising agency <\/span>boasted <\/span>that <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Cleveland <\/span>provid<\/span>ed the <\/span>b<\/span>est <\/span>news <\/span>coverage in <\/span>Greater <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>. Local ratings substantiated <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>claim <\/span>as <\/span>the station again <\/span>achieved <\/span>number one <\/span>ranking<\/span>.<\/span>[22]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>triumph <\/span>seemed <\/span>even more <\/span>impressive <\/span>considering the fact <\/span>that <\/span>KY-11 <\/span>was <\/span>not <\/span>technically <\/span>a <\/span>Top 40<\/span> <\/span>rock and roll radio <\/span>station<\/span>. <\/span>I<\/span>t still played <\/span>a wide <\/span>variety of <\/span>music<\/span> geared for <\/span>different <\/span>age groups<\/span>. <\/span>However, <\/span>its <\/span>diverse <\/span>musical <\/span>format <\/span>did not <\/span>stop <\/span>it <\/span>from <\/span>playing <\/span>more <\/span>and more <\/span>hours of <\/span>rock and roll music<\/span> as the months<\/span> <\/span>passe<\/span>d<\/span>. <\/span>Knowing <\/span>that rock and roll music <\/span>was a <\/span>growing <\/span>national <\/span>phenomenon<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>with no end in sight<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>persuaded <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>shrewd <\/span>programmers <\/span>to <\/span>devote<\/span> <\/span>more <\/span>air<\/span>time <\/span>to <\/span>it<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Adding <\/span>Swingin’<\/span> Sweeney <\/span>to the <\/span>daily <\/span>lineup <\/span>in <\/span>July <\/span>19<\/span>60 <\/span>represented <\/span>a<\/span> sincere <\/span>attempt <\/span>by <\/span>its <\/span>program<\/span> coordinators <\/span>t<\/span>o appeal <\/span>more <\/span>directly to <\/span>the <\/span>emergent <\/span>number of <\/span>teen<\/span>s that <\/span>were increasingly <\/span>listen<\/span>ing to <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>n offbeat kind of <\/span>guy<\/span>, Sweeney<\/span> <\/span>appeared to understand <\/span>the <\/span>deep-<\/span>rooted emotions<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>touched <\/span>m<\/span>ost <\/span>young people<\/span>. <\/span>Without a d<\/span>oubt, <\/span>he <\/span>was <\/span>a <\/span>\u201cwild and crazy\u201d <\/span>guy <\/span>a<\/span>s <\/span>everyone <\/span>in <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>knew<\/span>. But, he was <\/span>also <\/span>lots of <\/span>fun. <\/span>To illustrate th<\/span>at <\/span>last <\/span>point, <\/span>Sweeney <\/span>helped many teens <\/span>overc<\/span>o<\/span>me <\/span>the summer<\/span>time<\/span> doldrums <\/span>by offering <\/span>them <\/span>a <\/span>fantastic<\/span> <\/span>contest. It <\/span>began with him <\/span>dressing up <\/span>like <\/span>a jungle character <\/span>and <\/span>swinging from cage bars in the Cleveland Zoo.<\/span>[23]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Contest<\/span>ants <\/span>first <\/span>had to <\/span>track <\/span>hi<\/span>m down <\/span>by following<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>detailed <\/span>clues <\/span>provided by <\/span>the <\/span>studio<\/span>. Once <\/span>they <\/span>found<\/span> him<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>they <\/span>then <\/span>had to <\/span>carr<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>him back to the station <\/span>seated <\/span>in<\/span> a <\/span>plush<\/span> <\/span>sedan chair. <\/span>Participants <\/span>finally<\/span> had to <\/span>place<\/span> <\/span>him <\/span>next to <\/span>his favorite turntable <\/span>where <\/span>he announced <\/span>the winner<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>His <\/span>audience loved <\/span>such <\/span>wacky <\/span>adventures<\/span>!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A former W<\/span>GAR<\/span> <\/span>jock <\/span>named <\/span>Hal Morgan <\/span>(1916-1988) <\/span>joined <\/span>the <\/span>KYW<\/span> <\/span>staff <\/span>at the end of <\/span>August<\/span> where he <\/span>stay<\/span>ed <\/span>for four years<\/span>. <\/span>He <\/span>replaced Ronnie Barrett whose <\/span>job <\/span>responsibilities <\/span>were <\/span>chang<\/span>ing<\/span>.<\/span>[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>An article <\/span>published <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>October <\/span>19<\/span>6<\/span>0 issue of <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span> <\/span>explored <\/span>the <\/span>many <\/span>reasons<\/span> <\/span>why <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>successful <\/span>new <\/span>business m<\/span>odel<\/span> worked so well<\/span> in so many places<\/span>. <\/span>Now a listening <\/span>companion at <\/span>both <\/span>home and work, <\/span>modern<\/span>-day <\/span>radio fans <\/span>more and more <\/span>turn to <\/span>one station to supply them with <\/span>their daily <\/span>news and entertainment <\/span>rather than <\/span>s<\/span>kip around the <\/span>AM <\/span>dial<\/span>.<\/span>[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Acc<\/span>ording to<\/span> Don<\/span> <\/span>McGannon, <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>jocks <\/span>not only <\/span>encouraged <\/span>a <\/span>loyal <\/span>following<\/span> by offering them <\/span>exactly <\/span>what they wanted most<\/span>; but <\/span>also, <\/span>did <\/span>everything<\/span> <\/span>within their power <\/span>to <\/span>become active members of <\/span>the community they <\/span>so proudly <\/span>serve<\/span>d<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>further s<\/span>tated <\/span>that the news <\/span>coming out of <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>ashington <\/span>B<\/span>ureau <\/span>was <\/span>far <\/span>superior to <\/span>many <\/span>of its competitors<\/span> in that <\/span>one size did not fit all. <\/span>In fact, the news items broadcasted daily out of the Washington Bureau <\/span>were <\/span>customized to <\/span>suit <\/span>the needs of its <\/span>different <\/span>station<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span> staple <\/span>of <\/span>all <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>outlets;<\/span> <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>had <\/span>done <\/span>the <\/span>unthinkable <\/span>when <\/span>they <\/span>successfully combined the best in local<\/span> <\/span>news <\/span>coverage <\/span>with <\/span>the finest <\/span>commentary.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Don <\/span>McGannon<\/span> <\/span>additionally <\/span>re<\/span>minded everyone <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>emerging<\/span> <\/span>electronic media <\/span>represente<\/span>d <\/span>a <\/span>new and <\/span>effective <\/span>way <\/span>in which <\/span>to <\/span>advertis<\/span>e <\/span>the latest <\/span>products and services <\/span>to the <\/span>biggest<\/span> possible<\/span> <\/span>fan<\/span> base<\/span>. <\/span>Since W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>led <\/span>in <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>up and coming <\/span>field <\/span>it made perfect sense for advertiser<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>to avail themselves of <\/span>that network\u2019s <\/span>many <\/span>affordable <\/span>new <\/span>services and<\/span> <\/span>v<\/span>ast <\/span>technical <\/span>resources<\/span>.<\/span>[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Following a<\/span>n eighteen month <\/span>pause <\/span>\u201cTraffic Court\u201d return<\/span>ed to <\/span>the <\/span>KYW<\/span> airways <\/span>starting <\/span>October 4<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>[27]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>Ohio <\/span>Supreme Court <\/span>ruled <\/span>that <\/span>Municipal <\/span>Canon <\/span># <\/span>35 did not apply to courtroom <\/span>sessions <\/span>scheduled to be <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>at a <\/span>later<\/span> time<\/span>. That <\/span>court ruling <\/span>over<\/span>turned <\/span>an <\/span>earlier<\/span> <\/span>decision<\/span> <\/span>that had <\/span>bann<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>it<\/span>. <\/span>Some <\/span>new <\/span>industry<\/span>-wide<\/span> <\/span>guidelines <\/span>strongly recommended that <\/span>AM <\/span>radio stations <\/span>should <\/span>make every effort <\/span>possible <\/span>to <\/span>air <\/span>more <\/span>h<\/span>o<\/span>me grown <\/span>programs<\/span>. Th<\/span>ey <\/span>should also <\/span>try <\/span>to be <\/span>friendl<\/span>ier<\/span>; <\/span>more <\/span>humorous<\/span> <\/span>and show <\/span>greater <\/span>empathy <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>problems affecting <\/span>their <\/span>listening audience<\/span>.<\/span>[28]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0KY-11 did <\/span>all of that <\/span>admirably<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nineteen <\/span>Fifty-N<\/span>ine <\/span>e<\/span>xpenses <\/span>for <\/span>select <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>outlets <\/span>stood at <\/span>a whopping <\/span>$5<\/span>.<\/span>44<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>hile <\/span>their <\/span>combined <\/span>annual <\/span>income<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>topp<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>$634,628.<\/span>[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Sales <\/span>for <\/span>that year <\/span>had <\/span>exceeded <\/span>the <\/span>$3<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>mark <\/span>w<\/span>ith <\/span>national<\/span> and <\/span>regional sales <\/span>equaling <\/span>$3<\/span>.<\/span>12<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The return of Ken Courtwright (1935-2010<\/span>) to the KYW airways revitalize<\/span>d<\/span> w<\/span>eekend radio <\/span>news<\/span>casts<\/span>.<\/span>[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Unexpectedly, o<\/span>ne of <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>Chief <\/span>P<\/span>romotors <\/span>Janet K. Byers <\/span>resigned <\/span>to <\/span>assume <\/span>similar duties at KFWB<\/span> in <\/span>Los Angeles. <\/span>A <\/span>highly<\/span>-respected <\/span>business manager <\/span>from <\/span>KQV-<\/span>Pittsburgh<\/span> <\/span>Frank Maruca took over her<\/span> <\/span>responsibilities<\/span>.<\/span>[31]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>VP<\/span> F<\/span>rank<\/span> <\/span>Tooke<\/span> <\/span>proudly announced <\/span>that <\/span>this AM station <\/span>would <\/span>continue to <\/span>p<\/span>lay <\/span>lots of <\/span>rock and roll music<\/span> <\/span>along<\/span> with <\/span>plenty of <\/span>folk music<\/span>, <\/span>jazz<\/span>, standard ballads<\/span> <\/span>and show tunes<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>He believed that t<\/span>he key to success <\/span>in <\/span>l<\/span>ocal broadcasting wa<\/span>s <\/span>to maintain <\/span>a <\/span>balance<\/span> in the kind of records <\/span>played daily<\/span>.<\/span>[32]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>November <\/span>1960 <\/span>saw the return of <\/span>the <\/span>highly anticipated <\/span>Higbee\u2019s <\/span>Christmas Open House. <\/span>As always, i<\/span>t <\/span>showcased <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>top <\/span>radio personalities <\/span>a<\/span>s well as <\/span>some of <\/span>the <\/span>best <\/span>performers <\/span>in the <\/span>recording <\/span>industry<\/span>.<\/span>[33]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>year\u2019s <\/span>lineup included <\/span>Conway Twitty, the Playmates, the Orchettes and Carl Dobkins Jr.<\/span><\/p>\n

A new <\/span>and <\/span>exciting <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>personality <\/span>entered the <\/span>local <\/span>radio <\/span>scene <\/span>later <\/span>that month<\/span>. Tom <\/span>E. <\/span>Griffith<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>(1937-2011) <\/span>was <\/span>un<\/span>doubt<\/span>edly<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>n important <\/span>part <\/span>of th<\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>exciting <\/span>sound<\/span> that made <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>particular <\/span>radio <\/span>station <\/span>so <\/span>great<\/span>.[34]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>WBC b<\/span>oard <\/span>members <\/span>congratulated Barton Clausen on <\/span>his <\/span>recent election to <\/span>the <\/span>Cleveland City Club\u2019s <\/span>Board of Directors<\/span>.<\/span>[35]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The Kiplinger <\/span>Report<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>daily <\/span>business <\/span>s<\/span>ynopsis t<\/span>hat <\/span>among other things <\/span>rated <\/span>the sturdiness as well as quality of <\/span>consumer <\/span>products, <\/span>now<\/span> <\/span>filled <\/span>the <\/span>10:30 <\/span>p.m. <\/span>weekday<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>lot<\/span>.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It <\/span>fit<\/span>ted<\/span> in well with <\/span>the <\/span>existing <\/span>evening <\/span>news<\/span>casts<\/span> and talk shows<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span> year-end <\/span>i<\/span>nvestigation<\/span> <\/span>by the National Labor Relations Board <\/span>based on <\/span>assertions made <\/span>by <\/span>the National Association of Broadcasting Employees and Technicians <\/span>that <\/span>KYW <\/span>had improperly <\/span>discharg<\/span>ed several <\/span>custodians <\/span>before <\/span>mov<\/span>ing <\/span>into <\/span>its new studios <\/span>was <\/span>little more <\/span>than<\/span> a <\/span>misunderstanding<\/span>. T<\/span>he<\/span>ir <\/span>contract <\/span>with WBC <\/span>did not <\/span>expire until January 31, <\/span>19<\/span>61<\/span>.[37]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On a <\/span>more personal<\/span> <\/span>note<\/span>, <\/span>KYW commemorated <\/span>Christmas Eve <\/span>by <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>a three<\/span>–<\/span>hour <\/span>tree trimming <\/span>music<\/span>al extravaganza<\/span> hosted by Tom Griffiths<\/span>.[38]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The show was intended <\/span>to<\/span> ma<\/span>k<\/span>e that <\/span>challeng<\/span>e <\/span>easier.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N<\/span>ineteen sixty-two <\/span>began <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> District Court <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>den<\/span>ying <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>latest <\/span>appeal<\/span> <\/span>disallow<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>RKO<\/span>-General<\/span> <\/span>petition<\/span>.[39]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>On <\/span>a <\/span>much <\/span>brighter <\/span>and happier <\/span>note<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>improved<\/span> <\/span>KYW<\/span>–<\/span>FM <\/span>signal <\/span>now <\/span>covered <\/span>twenty-seven <\/span>Northern Ohio<\/span> counties<\/span>. That represented <\/span>3<\/span>3<\/span>% of <\/span>that <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>listening area.[40]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In order to keep <\/span>the <\/span>enthusiasm <\/span>of its listeners <\/span>up<\/span> during the dreary winter months<\/span> of <\/span>\u2018<\/span>61<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>introduced <\/span>yet <\/span>another <\/span>promotion<\/span>al campaign<\/span>. <\/span>This time<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the station asked <\/span>everyone <\/span>to<\/span> come up with a <\/span>catchy <\/span>new <\/span>stage <\/span>name for <\/span>its <\/span>lat<\/span>est <\/span>jock <\/span>Tom Griffiths.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>After some deliberation, <\/span>the listeners decided on <\/span>Griff Thomas<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>The U.S. Bureau of Labor <\/span>Statistics <\/span><\/span>Occupational<\/span><\/em> Outlook Handbook<\/span><\/span><\/em> reported that <\/span>the need for <\/span>well-paid<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>announcers <\/span>had lessened considerably <\/span>in many of this nation\u2019s <\/span>largest markets due to the growing <\/span>industry-wide <\/span>dependence <\/span>on <\/span>a new technical breakthrough called <\/span>automated broadcasting<\/span>. However, <\/span>broadcasters within <\/span>smaller communities still <\/span>relied <\/span>on <\/span>them<\/span>.<\/span> In <\/span>our <\/span>big<\/span>gest cities<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>broadcasters might <\/span>earn<\/span> <\/span>anywhere <\/span>from <\/span>$13,000 <\/span>to <\/span>$25,000<\/span> a<\/span> year<\/span>.[42]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cleveland <\/span>newspapers that <\/span>February <\/span>reported <\/span>that <\/span>negotiations between W<\/span>BC <\/span>officials <\/span>and KYW <\/span>engineers <\/span>had reached a fever<\/span>ous<\/span>, new<\/span> <\/span>pitch<\/span>.[43]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The National Association of Broadcast Engineers & Technicians <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>complained <\/span>that the <\/span>station<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>recent <\/span>wage <\/span>offer<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>utterly <\/span>un<\/span>reasonable<\/span>. <\/span>U<\/span>nion <\/span>reps <\/span>sought <\/span>out <\/span>a <\/span>$17<\/span> <\/span>wage increase <\/span>for <\/span>employees <\/span>who <\/span>ma<\/span>de<\/span> <\/span>$171 a week. Westinghouse<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>shrewd <\/span>negotiat<\/span>ing team <\/span>responded to that demand by <\/span>point<\/span>ing<\/span> out <\/span>th<\/span>at th<\/span>e <\/span>present <\/span>salary <\/span>cap <\/span>for KYW <\/span>employees <\/span>was <\/span>not $171 <\/span>a week; <\/span>but rather<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>$162.50 <\/span>and that the<\/span> team was <\/span>prepared to <\/span>offer <\/span>$175 <\/span>plus <\/span>the <\/span>right <\/span>to discipline workers <\/span>who <\/span>refused to <\/span>cross <\/span>union <\/span>picket line<\/span>s<\/span> during strikes<\/span>.[44]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Before agreeing to the <\/span>new <\/span>wage <\/span>package,<\/span> t<\/span>he union <\/span>insisted <\/span>that <\/span>the station <\/span>hir<\/span>e <\/span>more <\/span>part-time <\/span>employees<\/span>. <\/span>On a <\/span>positive<\/span> <\/span>note<\/span>, <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>Road Show <\/span>proudly announced that it <\/span>ha<\/span>d<\/span> contributed $53,000 to <\/span>local <\/span>charit<\/span>ies <\/span>over <\/span>the <\/span>past <\/span>three <\/span>year<\/span>s<\/span>.[45]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Many listeners <\/span>were sad<\/span> <\/span>to learn <\/span>that <\/span>Tom Manning <\/span>was <\/span>about to <\/span>retir<\/span>e<\/span> from broadcasting<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>He <\/span>had been a sports announcer at WTAM and KYW for <\/span>the past <\/span>thirty-five <\/span>years. Among his many <\/span>achievements<\/span>, <\/span>Tom <\/span>Manning <\/span>had <\/span>received <\/span><\/span>Sporting <\/span>News<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>Outstanding Sports Announcer Award<\/span> in <\/span>19<\/span>38<\/span>.[46]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In early 19<\/span>61, <\/span>\u201cProgram<\/span> <\/span>PM\u201d <\/span>introduced <\/span>a <\/span>brand <\/span>new segment <\/span>to its night broadcast <\/span>called \u201cCounseling Session<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Hosted<\/span> by Carl Stern, <\/span>it <\/span>examined <\/span>some of the <\/span>recent <\/span>divorce cases <\/span>handled <\/span>by <\/span>Cleveland\u2019s <\/span>Jewish Family Services.[47]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Social workers <\/span>from that <\/span>very <\/span>respected <\/span>locally-based <\/span>institution <\/span>carefully <\/span>examined <\/span>and then <\/span>discusses <\/span>those <\/span>files<\/span> in detail<\/span>. <\/span>That <\/span>February<\/span>, KYW programmers <\/span>introduced <\/span>a<\/span> new, <\/span>abbreviated <\/span>newscast <\/span>that was broadcasted right <\/span>in the <\/span>mid<\/span>dle <\/span>of \u201cProgram PM.\u201d In a<\/span>n <\/span>unexpected move, <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s Board of Directors <\/span>announced <\/span>th<\/span>e appointment of <\/span>Perry B. Bascom (<\/span>1924<\/span>-1997<\/span>) as <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>lat<\/span>est<\/span> <\/span>GM<\/span>.[48]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>This <\/span>highly <\/span>experienced <\/span>manager <\/span>replac<\/span>ed<\/span> Carl <\/span>Vandergrift<\/span> <\/span>who <\/span>had <\/span>taken over <\/span>the r<\/span>esponsibilities <\/span>of <\/span>WBC <\/span>Special Programs <\/span>Coordinator. Before coming to <\/span>Cleveland,<\/span> Bascom had <\/span>served as <\/span>an Account Executive at WIP<\/span>–<\/span>Philadelphia as<\/span> well as <\/span>the <\/span>National Radio Sales <\/span>Manager <\/span>for Westinghouse<\/span> in <\/span>New <\/span>York<\/span>.[49]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/span>eginning <\/span>that <\/span>March<\/span>,<\/span> Eugene M. Plumstead<\/span> (1916-1992) <\/span>took over<\/span> the <\/span>reins<\/span> <\/span>as <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>state-of-the-art <\/span>P<\/span>rogram <\/span>Coordinator<\/span>. <\/span>P<\/span>reviously<\/span>, he had<\/span> <\/span>been <\/span>VP at <\/span>Plough Broadcasting Company.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A<\/span>t the same time<\/span>, <\/span>Bud <\/span>Wendell<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>highly <\/span>distinguished <\/span>nighttime talk show host, <\/span>had <\/span>become<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>L<\/span>ate <\/span>N<\/span>ight <\/span>P<\/span>rogramming<\/span> <\/span>Coordinator<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>For the second year in a row, W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>corporate <\/span>earnings <\/span>reached an <\/span>impressive <\/span>mark of <\/span>$79<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>.[51]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The <\/span>dazzling <\/span>March<\/span> <\/span>\u2018<\/span>61<\/span> <\/span>KYW-Cleveland <\/span>lineup <\/span>began with <\/span>Big Wilson<\/span> <\/span>mornings <\/span>f<\/span>ollowed by Ronnie Barrett<\/span> and <\/span>Specs Howard<\/span> <\/span>mid<\/span>-day<\/span> and \u201c<\/span>Swingin<\/span>\u2019\u201d Sweeney<\/span> <\/span>afternoon<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>Program PM <\/span>assumed <\/span>the <\/span>early <\/span>evening<\/span> <\/span>broadcasting chores<\/span> <\/span>followed by <\/span>Griff Thomas <\/span>who <\/span>lit up the <\/span>late night <\/span>skies.[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A <\/span>new <\/span>7:00 p.m. <\/span>national<\/span> broadcast<\/span> <\/span>called \u201cRadio News <\/span>Day \u201cwith<\/span> Jerry Landay <\/span>debuted<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>month<\/span>\u2019s end<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>It <\/span>dealt with <\/span>world <\/span>news, <\/span>in<\/span>-depth<\/span> <\/span>stories<\/span> and important events<\/span>.[53]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>New development<\/span>s<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>ste<\/span>m<\/span>ming from <\/span>Philco<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>latest <\/span>attempt to <\/span>stop RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>obtaining <\/span>its <\/span>WRCV license <\/span>renewal<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>suddenly <\/span>appeared<\/span> on the <\/span>legal <\/span>horizon<\/span>.[54]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0The DOJ <\/span>again <\/span>re<\/span>minded <\/span>the <\/span>FCC <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>must <\/span>not <\/span>ignore <\/span>its <\/span>consent decree <\/span>when <\/span>ev<\/span>aluating <\/span>the <\/span>National Broadcasting Company<\/span>\u2019s current<\/span> <\/span>request<\/span>. Even if th<\/span>at <\/span>particular <\/span>regulatory agency <\/span>had<\/span> the <\/span>legal <\/span>authority <\/span>to grant <\/span>t<\/span>hat n<\/span>e<\/span>twork <\/span>its <\/span>request <\/span>without <\/span>any <\/span>further discussion<\/span> or review <\/span>that did not mean <\/span>that <\/span>it <\/span>should <\/span>deny <\/span>the <\/span>Philco<\/span> <\/span>Corporation <\/span>the <\/span>legal <\/span>opportunity <\/span>of trying to <\/span>convince it otherwise<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>U.S. <\/span>D<\/span>epartment of Justice <\/span>further reminded the <\/span>commissioners<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> once NBC <\/span>divest<\/span>ed<\/span> itself of <\/span>WRCV<\/span>-Philadelphia<\/span> <\/span>it <\/span>would <\/span>no<\/span> longer <\/span>ha<\/span>ve <\/span>the <\/span>legal <\/span>right <\/span>to exchange <\/span>any <\/span>other <\/span>company-owned <\/span>station<\/span> <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>desired <\/span>Boston <\/span>radio and television <\/span>outlets<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Reb Foster <\/span>(1936-2019) <\/span>was <\/span>the latest <\/span>addition to <\/span>th<\/span>e growing <\/span>list of <\/span>\u201c<\/span>groovy<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>jock<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>now <\/span>called <\/span>KYW <\/span>their home<\/span>.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>H<\/span>is fast-paced approach towards <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting was the <\/span>antithesis <\/span>of his <\/span>immediate predecessor <\/span>the softer sounding <\/span>Dave Hawthorne<\/span>.[56]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>revolutionary <\/span>Megatown<\/span> <\/span>marketing plan <\/span>radically <\/span>changed <\/span>U.S. <\/span>r<\/span>etailing<\/span> <\/span>practices <\/span>forever<\/span>. <\/span>Pre-selling <\/span>items<\/span> and services through <\/span>unfiltered<\/span> <\/span>advertising <\/span>means <\/span>eliminate<\/span>d<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>once and for all<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>cumbersome <\/span>geographical lines a<\/span>nd<\/span> <\/span>unwanted <\/span>mid<\/span>dle<\/span>m<\/span>e<\/span>n.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Many listeners <\/span>were sorry<\/span> to learn<\/span> <\/span>that Big Wilson was leav<\/span>ing<\/span> KYW<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> WNEW<\/span> in New York<\/span>. <\/span>A <\/span>popular <\/span>Boston <\/span>radio <\/span>celebrity <\/span>Dexter Card <\/span>(1933-2018) <\/span>took <\/span>over <\/span>his <\/span>popular <\/span>morning <\/span>gig<\/span>.[58]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In a<\/span>n <\/span>enlightened<\/span> piece of journalism<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>that <\/span>June<\/span> <\/span>presented <\/span>a <\/span>very <\/span>thoughtful <\/span>account <\/span>on <\/span>the <\/span>surging <\/span>$10<\/span> billion <\/span>teen market.[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0A <\/span>recent <\/span><\/span>Seventeen<\/span><\/span> m<\/span>agazine<\/span> <\/span>survey found that th<\/span>is nation\u2019s <\/span>teen<\/span>age population <\/span>had increased from 10.7 <\/span>million<\/span> to 13.5 <\/span>million<\/span> over the <\/span>previous <\/span>decade<\/span>. In terms <\/span>of spending habits, that magazine <\/span>soon <\/span>discovered<\/span> that <\/span>t<\/span>een<\/span>age<\/span> girls spend more than $300<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> a<\/span> year <\/span>on <\/span>beauty aids and <\/span>cosmetics.[60]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>This was <\/span>a<\/span> very <\/span>impressive <\/span>sum <\/span>even if their parents <\/span>still bought most <\/span>of th<\/span>ose<\/span> <\/span>items. <\/span>The teen market <\/span>was there for the <\/span>tak<\/span>ing<\/span>, yet few <\/span>in <\/span>radio <\/span>actively <\/span>pursued it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The article <\/span>argued <\/span>that <\/span>AM <\/span>s<\/span>tations nationwide <\/span>should <\/span>more <\/span>actively pursue <\/span>that <\/span>growing <\/span>market especially <\/span>as <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing expenses <\/span>continued to <\/span>rise <\/span>at an alarming<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>pace<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

One <\/span>reoccurring <\/span>complaint <\/span>made <\/span>against <\/span>many <\/span>popular AM <\/span>st<\/span>a<\/span>tions<\/span>,<\/span> such as KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>concerned <\/span>the <\/span>frequent <\/span>hiring and <\/span>firing <\/span>of <\/span>locally-inspired <\/span>DJ<\/span>s. <\/span>Some <\/span>cr<\/span>i<\/span>tics <\/span>perhaps<\/span> correctly <\/span>likened it <\/span>to <\/span>a <\/span>revolving door<\/span>. <\/span>In the case of KYW<\/span>-Cleveland t<\/span>he <\/span>rapid <\/span>departure <\/span>of <\/span>many <\/span>local <\/span>favorite<\/span>s <\/span>such as <\/span>Ronnie Barrett, Gloria Brown and Dave Hawthorne <\/span>seemed to brin<\/span>g that point home to <\/span>many <\/span>Clevelanders<\/span>. <\/span>Even if those same radio <\/span>personalities<\/span> <\/span>quickly <\/span>resurfaced on other <\/span>local <\/span>station<\/span>s it was n<\/span>ever <\/span>the same<\/span>. In fact, <\/span>th<\/span>at hard to describe <\/span>magnetism that <\/span>first <\/span>brought them together with their many fans <\/span>in <\/span>rarely re<\/span>occurred <\/span>in another setting<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>However, the business aspects of broadcasting were <\/span>ever <\/span>demanding and <\/span>frequently <\/span>unkind<\/span> on the personal level<\/span>. <\/span>Everyone in<\/span>volved in the managerial side <\/span>of commercial<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>in the 1960s <\/span>knew <\/span>the <\/span>critical <\/span>importance <\/span>o<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>regularly <\/span>balanc<\/span>ing <\/span>the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>company\u2019s <\/span>books<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The question <\/span>continually plaguing <\/span>them <\/span>was <\/span>whether balancing the budget <\/span>should <\/span>always <\/span>t<\/span>ake <\/span>precedent<\/span> over <\/span>important <\/span>human aspects <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>business<\/span>? <\/span>There was no right or wrong answer; however, mu<\/span>c<\/span>h confusion. <\/span>A<\/span>s everyone readily conceded<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>individual <\/span>choices made by the <\/span>listen<\/span>ing audience<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>as reflected <\/span>through <\/span>local <\/span>ratings<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>ultimately <\/span>de<\/span>termined <\/span>the <\/span>winn<\/span>ers <\/span>and los<\/span>er<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>with<\/span>in the local AM<\/span> radio game<\/span>. <\/span>Some critics contended <\/span>that b<\/span>usiness <\/span>managers <\/span>might <\/span>want to <\/span>listen more <\/span>attentively <\/span>to th<\/span>e wishes <\/span>of their <\/span>listening <\/span>audience <\/span>rather than <\/span>follow <\/span>the <\/span>stern <\/span>advice <\/span>of<\/span>fered by<\/span> <\/span>their <\/span>account<\/span>ants<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>W<\/span>e must <\/span>also <\/span>r<\/span>emember <\/span>that <\/span>many <\/span>listen<\/span>ers <\/span>long-term<\/span> <\/span>loyalty <\/span>towards <\/span>one <\/span>outlet <\/span>over another <\/span>could literally disappear overnight <\/span>on<\/span>c<\/span>e their <\/span>favorite <\/span>jocks <\/span>were <\/span>no longer there<\/span>.[61]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Looking at it f<\/span>rom the <\/span>DJ<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>perspective, <\/span>how c<\/span>ould <\/span>they <\/span>establish <\/span>any <\/span>real <\/span>connection with their <\/span>fans <\/span>from the community that they served <\/span>if <\/span>their future <\/span>employment <\/span>was <\/span>so <\/span>in<\/span>definite<\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>As <\/span>everyone<\/span> knew, o<\/span>ne false move and <\/span>y<\/span>ou<\/span> <\/span>were <\/span>gone.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

We must remember that <\/span>Joe Finan, Wes Hopkins<\/span>,<\/span> Frank <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Swingin<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u201d<\/span> Sweeney <\/span>and Big Wilson <\/span>came and went <\/span>in no time<\/span>. <\/span>Many broadcasting veterans <\/span>wondered who <\/span>might <\/span>be <\/span>thrown <\/span>under the bus <\/span>by their employers <\/span>next<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>rarely had <\/span>to wait <\/span>too <\/span>long<\/span> to find <\/span>out<\/span>. <\/span>If you<\/span>\u2019re<\/span> think<\/span>ing<\/span> there was more to <\/span>hiring and firing <\/span>than <\/span>what <\/span>first <\/span>m<\/span>et the eye <\/span>you<\/span>\u2019re <\/span>right<\/span>. The fundamentals guiding <\/span>business <\/span>principles for <\/span>virtually <\/span>all <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio stations <\/span>in the <\/span>U.S. during the <\/span>19<\/span>50s and <\/span>196<\/span>0s <\/span>centered on two things <\/span>balancing the books <\/span>while <\/span>staying <\/span>at the <\/span>top of <\/span>the <\/span>game<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>If <\/span>broadcasters<\/span>,<\/span> like KYW<\/span>,<\/span> did<\/span>n\u2019t do <\/span>that <\/span>then <\/span>their <\/span>rivals would <\/span>not hesitate <\/span>to <\/span>seize<\/span> the <\/span>moment<\/span> if they could<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Any<\/span> station might <\/span>win or lose <\/span>instant<\/span>ly <\/span>especially <\/span>if the<\/span>ir<\/span> <\/span>loyal <\/span>fan<\/span>-base <\/span>should <\/span>for one reason or another suddenl<\/span>y <\/span>sour<\/span> towards them<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Paying <\/span>smaller salaries to lesser known <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities <\/span>at the expense of<\/span> <\/span>high paid celebrities <\/span>certainly <\/span>represented <\/span>one <\/span>very <\/span>credible <\/span>way <\/span>in which <\/span>to <\/span>balance <\/span>the <\/span>books<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Although t<\/span>he <\/span>local <\/span>press and <\/span>eager listening <\/span>audiences might not <\/span>have <\/span>like<\/span>d<\/span> th<\/span>e <\/span>results<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>outlets <\/span>everywhere <\/span>did <\/span>just <\/span>that <\/span>as a way of ensuring the <\/span>status quo<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Let\u2019s pursue this <\/span>accepted practice <\/span>of <\/span>rapidly<\/span> <\/span>firing and <\/span>hiring <\/span>of <\/span>broad<\/span>c<\/span>asters <\/span>a <\/span>bit <\/span>further<\/span>. I<\/span>f <\/span>a top notch DJ <\/span>should discover <\/span>without <\/span>any previous <\/span>warning <\/span>that his show <\/span>was <\/span>rapidl<\/span>y <\/span>dropp<\/span>ing <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>local <\/span>ratings <\/span>that <\/span>might<\/span> <\/span>be <\/span>enough<\/span> <\/span>in itself <\/span>to <\/span>guarantee <\/span>his <\/span>prompt <\/span>dismissal<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>roubl<\/span>esome <\/span>behavior <\/span>on the part of <\/span>that same <\/span>jock <\/span>might also <\/span>hasten <\/span>his <\/span>release<\/span>. <\/span>In both cases, the station<\/span> <\/span>responsible for <\/span>the <\/span>firing<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>rarely <\/span>suffered <\/span>financially<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>such decisive <\/span>action<\/span>. <\/span>In fact, s<\/span>hrewd <\/span>radio <\/span>managers <\/span>knew <\/span>full-well that <\/span>there was a<\/span> slew of <\/span>equally talented <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>ready <\/span>on a moment\u2019s notice <\/span>to <\/span>replace <\/span>veteran <\/span>announcers <\/span>at <\/span>a fraction of the cost<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>need to up <\/span>their <\/span>game <\/span>by <\/span>rapidly<\/span> <\/span>firing<\/span> and <\/span>hiring <\/span>radio celebrities <\/span>proved <\/span>crucial <\/span>to <\/span>fledgling <\/span>AM <\/span>outlets <\/span>that were <\/span>forced <\/span>to <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>cut soaring <\/span>overhead <\/span>costs while<\/span> still<\/span> <\/span>maintaining the <\/span>appear<\/span>ance of <\/span>be<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>winners.<\/span> <\/span>Critics <\/span>outside th<\/span>is <\/span>field <\/span>often <\/span>look<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>the other way when <\/span>stations <\/span>aggressively <\/span>and repeatedly <\/span>employed <\/span>such <\/span>cutthroat <\/span>business practices<\/span>. H<\/span>owever, <\/span>the majority of <\/span>disc <\/span>jock<\/span>ey<\/span>s <\/span>knew <\/span>exactly <\/span>what <\/span>l<\/span>ed <\/span>station <\/span>managers to <\/span>act <\/span>so<\/span> <\/span>cold-bloodedly<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span> <\/span>sudden <\/span>plunge <\/span>in <\/span>revenue<\/span> or <\/span>rocketing overhead <\/span>costs<\/span> <\/span>frequently <\/span>overrode <\/span>any <\/span>personal<\/span> feelings<\/span> <\/span>station managers <\/span>migh<\/span>t<\/span> have <\/span>towards <\/span>specific <\/span>radio <\/span>personalit<\/span>ies<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

For its <\/span>consistently high quality <\/span>reporting <\/span>on locally important <\/span>education<\/span> issues<\/span>,<\/span> KYW received <\/span>the National Education Association<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>School Bell Award.[62]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Plain<\/span> Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>was surprised to learn that KYW<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>management <\/span>had agreed to <\/span>permit its <\/span>new <\/span>morning <\/span>man <\/span>Dexter <\/span>Card to <\/span>us<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>his real name <\/span>both <\/span>on <\/span>and off <\/span>the air.<\/span>[63]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A Maine native, Card had <\/span>previously <\/span>worked in Portland, <\/span>ME; <\/span>Providence<\/span>, RI<\/span> and Milwaukee<\/span>, WS prior to joining the WCOP team. Several leading KY-11 personalities led by Reb Foster made positive news headlines that same summer by participating in amateur baseball games courtesy of the Cleveland Recreation Department. They wanted to keep the kids out of trouble and off the streets.[64]<\/sup><\/a> In late August 1961, the press praised one of KYW\u2019s chief radio rivals WERE for actively promoting \u201cgood music\u201d programming over traditional rock and roll. WERE officials said that its earlier rock and roll format had not sufficiently improved their ratings and that station managers were ready for a major change.[65]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The questions <\/span>surrounding <\/span>the <\/span>NBC-<\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>swap <\/span>in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>56 <\/span>a<\/span>nd t<\/span>he <\/span>current <\/span>RKO<\/span> <\/span>controversy <\/span>brought to light<\/span> some <\/span>overlooked <\/span>legal <\/span>issues<\/span> <\/span>pertaining <\/span>to<\/span> <\/span>certain <\/span>licens<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>agreements<\/span>. <\/span>Federal courts <\/span>concern<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>centered on such things as <\/span>to <\/span>whether <\/span>two <\/span>year television affil<\/span>i<\/span>ation contract<\/span>s<\/span> with <\/span>succe<\/span>s<\/span>s<\/span>i<\/span>ve <\/span>two <\/span>year terms <\/span>could be<\/span> or should be<\/span> <\/span>considered <\/span>depreciable asset<\/span>s<\/span> or not<\/span>? <\/span>Th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>legal ruckus <\/span>that ensued <\/span>over that <\/span>specific<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>contentious <\/span>issue <\/span>encouraged <\/span>the U.S. Tax Court <\/span>to <\/span>reconsider <\/span>the <\/span>unique <\/span>tax <\/span>arrangement <\/span>it had <\/span>made <\/span>with <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>following <\/span>the <\/span>Ph<\/span>ilco<\/span> deal<\/span> in <\/span>\u2018<\/span>53.<\/span> <\/span>Apparently, the court <\/span>had <\/span>empowered <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>repay <\/span>all <\/span>advances <\/span>it <\/span>made towards <\/span>spot advertising <\/span>through <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>fifty-five <\/span>month <\/span>de<\/span>preciation <\/span>schedule. <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>schedule <\/span>consisted of <\/span>two<\/span> independent,<\/span> <\/span>two-year <\/span>renewals.<\/span>[66]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Under this<\/span> <\/span>agreement<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>federal <\/span>court required <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>re<\/span>pa<\/span>y <\/span>t<\/span>he <\/span>more than <\/span>$1<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span>t saved <\/span>by <\/span>the end of FY-<\/span>1955<\/span>. <\/span>That repayment <\/span>would be <\/span>added onto <\/span>the <\/span>federal income tax<\/span> <\/span>the company already <\/span>owed<\/span> <\/span>to Uncle Sam.[67]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Unfortunately, <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span> <\/span>officials <\/span>never <\/span>fulfilled <\/span>their <\/span>obligation<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

After due consideration, the U.S. Tax Court in <\/span>September <\/span>19<\/span>61 reversed <\/span>its <\/span>earlier <\/span>ruling <\/span>which meant that <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span> <\/span>must <\/span>pay <\/span>back <\/span>taxes <\/span>owed<\/span>. <\/span>WBC\u2019s <\/span>legal <\/span>counsel <\/span>prompt<\/span>ly <\/span>appea<\/span>l<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>it<\/span>.[68]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Its <\/span>appeal <\/span>emphasized <\/span>the fact <\/span>that the value of the Philco station at the time of purchase <\/span>was <\/span>$5 <\/span>million<\/span> <\/span>and that <\/span>figure <\/span>includ<\/span>ed<\/span> all depreciation costs. <\/span>Understandably<\/span>, <\/span>WBC\u2019s <\/span>legal team furnished that crucial piece of information in the hope that <\/span>the court <\/span>would re<\/span>verse its stance<\/span> in May \u201862<\/span>. <\/span>In<\/span> <\/span><\/span>Westinghouse Broadcasting Company v. Commission of<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Internal Revenue<\/span><\/span><\/em>, the court made it <\/span>quite <\/span>clear that the plaintiff\u2019s arguments were<\/span> <\/span>not <\/span>convincing and that Westinghouse did indeed <\/span>owe <\/span>the back taxes.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Part of the backlash from <\/span>that ruling<\/span> led <\/span>U.S. <\/span>Senator Gale McGee <\/span>(1915-1992) <\/span>to <\/span>re<\/span>quest <\/span>the FCC <\/span>to <\/span>reconsider <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>implications <\/span>of automatically<\/span> granting television licenses to <\/span>very <\/span>large <\/span>corporat<\/span>ions such as <\/span>G<\/span>eneral <\/span>E<\/span>lectric <\/span>and <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse Electric.[70]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The<\/span> senator <\/span>saw potential <\/span>conflict<\/span>s<\/span> of interest <\/span>especially <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>subsidiaries<\/span> <\/span>held <\/span>responsib<\/span>le for <\/span>operating <\/span>th<\/span>ose<\/span> outlets. <\/span>However, <\/span>further <\/span>probes <\/span>into that matter <\/span>turned up nothing<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Late September <\/span>19<\/span>61 <\/span>saw <\/span>a further <\/span>shakeup <\/span>of <\/span>the KYW <\/span>lineup<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Reb Foster and Joe Mayer<\/span> <\/span>(1926-1997) <\/span>replaced <\/span>Frank <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Swingin<\/span>\u2019\u201d Sweeney<\/span>.[71]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Thomas (<\/span>Harv<\/span>e<\/span>)<\/span> Morgan<\/span> (1927-2003) <\/span>also <\/span>join<\/span>ed<\/span> the <\/span>exciting <\/span>team<\/span>.[72]<\/sup><\/a> <\/span><\/span>Harve <\/span>Morgan had <\/span>previously <\/span>been <\/span>the <\/span>News and Program D<\/span>irector <\/span>at <\/span>WHM<\/span>–<\/span>Charlestown, WVA a<\/span>nd <\/span>at <\/span>WMNI<\/span>–<\/span>Columbus. <\/span>H<\/span>e <\/span>had <\/span>also <\/span>briefly <\/span>hosted a morning show <\/span>on <\/span>WCAO<\/span>–<\/span>TV<\/span> in Baltimore<\/span>. <\/span>He was <\/span>hired <\/span>by KYW officials <\/span>t<\/span>o host <\/span>a<\/span>n <\/span>overhaul<\/span> of <\/span>\u201cProgram PM.\u201d <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>autumn <\/span>saw <\/span>further <\/span>changes<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>hen <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>purchased <\/span>the rights to <\/span>a series of <\/span>special <\/span>radio <\/span>shows <\/span>on <\/span>some of <\/span>Hollywood<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>greatest <\/span>movie s<\/span>tars<\/span>.<\/span>[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Behind the scenes, <\/span>this <\/span>very <\/span>forward thinking enterprise <\/span>was <\/span>rapid<\/span>ly<\/span> transforming itself <\/span>from a <\/span>local <\/span>mid<\/span>dle<\/span>–<\/span>of<\/span>–<\/span>the<\/span>–<\/span>road music <\/span>s<\/span>t<\/span>ation<\/span> <\/span>into <\/span>a <\/span>regional <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>music <\/span>contender<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>brand new <\/span>Rod Roddy Show represented <\/span>a<\/span> major <\/span>departure from <\/span>earlier<\/span> <\/span>milder <\/span>show<\/span>s<\/span> that <\/span>mostly <\/span>play<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>different kinds of <\/span>popular <\/span>records<\/span> <\/span>highlighted by <\/span>occasional <\/span>banter <\/span>and <\/span>plenty <\/span>of ads<\/span>. <\/span>Rod <\/span>Roddy <\/span>(1937-2003) <\/span>broke away <\/span>from th<\/span>e humdrum <\/span>with <\/span>a <\/span>hea<\/span>lthy <\/span>dose of corny jokes<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>nd <\/span>all <\/span>sorts <\/span>of <\/span>bells, <\/span>shouts <\/span>and whistles.<\/span>[74]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Roddy\u2019s <\/span>zany a<\/span>ntics<\/span>,<\/span> both <\/span>on and off the air<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>definitely woke up his <\/span>fan-base<\/span> <\/span>to the <\/span>undeniable <\/span>fact <\/span>that <\/span>major <\/span>program <\/span>change<\/span>s<\/span> w<\/span>ere <\/span>rapidly <\/span>occurring <\/span>at <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/span>ommunity<\/span>-minded <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span> <\/span>proudly <\/span>host<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>performance of the <\/span>\u201cThe Miracle Worker\u201d<\/span> <\/span>gear<\/span>ed <\/span>for blind and deaf persons<\/span>.<\/span>[75]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <\/span>On the business front, r<\/span>adio experts <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>emphasized <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>current <\/span>switch from n<\/span>ational<\/span>ly-based<\/span> <\/span>to local<\/span>ly-oriented<\/span> program<\/span>ming<\/span> <\/span>did <\/span>not <\/span>exclusive <\/span>belong <\/span>to <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>. <\/span>Other<\/span> <\/span>broadcasters like<\/span> <\/span>McLendon, Plough, Storer and Storz <\/span>had <\/span>also <\/span>experiment<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>with it<\/span>. However, <\/span>those <\/span>competing<\/span> radio broadcasters <\/span>had to <\/span>admit that <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>recent <\/span>success <\/span>was <\/span>like no other<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Relevant <\/span>programming<\/span> <\/span>on all levels <\/span>seemed to <\/span>separate WBC broadcasting from <\/span>its rivals<\/span>.<\/span>[76]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>I<\/span>ndependent<\/span>s<\/span>, such as <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>swept aside <\/span>the <\/span>earlier <\/span>held <\/span>notion <\/span>expounded <\/span>by <\/span>many radio leaders <\/span>that <\/span>national<\/span>ly-based<\/span> <\/span>programs <\/span>whether comedies, dramas or soap o<\/span>peras <\/span>w<\/span>ould <\/span>be <\/span>more <\/span>than <\/span>adequate <\/span>when it came to fulfilling <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>growing <\/span>needs of their<\/span> <\/span>man<\/span>y<\/span> listeners<\/span>. <\/span>Literally o<\/span>vernight<\/span>, <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s shrewd <\/span>business <\/span>manage<\/span>rs <\/span>and programmers <\/span>had <\/span>reinvented <\/span>locally-based <\/span>radio <\/span>stations <\/span>with <\/span>KY<\/span>–<\/span>11<\/span> <\/span>play<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>foremost <\/span>role in <\/span>it<\/span>s development<\/span> <\/span>stage <\/span>and <\/span>implementation<\/span> cycle<\/span>. <\/span>Regularly <\/span>achieving <\/span>high ratings in <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>highly <\/span>competitive <\/span>market<\/span> <\/span>showed <\/span>all doubters <\/span>that <\/span>this <\/span>kind of <\/span>independent <\/span>programming <\/span>did <\/span>indeed <\/span>work<\/span> over the <\/span>long haul<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The station <\/span>scored another <\/span>ratings <\/span>victory <\/span>after co-<\/span>sponsor<\/span>ing <\/span>Higbee<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>One Day Only <\/span>Christmas Open House<\/span> <\/span>in<\/span> 19<\/span>61<\/span>.[77]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Its <\/span>many <\/span>lively <\/span>musical performances <\/span>enhanced <\/span>by <\/span>KYW <\/span>radio and <\/span>television<\/span> <\/span>personalities<\/span> a<\/span>nd<\/span> <\/span>helpf<\/span>ul <\/span>household demonstrations<\/span> appeal<\/span>ed<\/span> to n<\/span>e<\/span>arly e<\/span>veryone<\/span>. <\/span>KYW<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> radio <\/span>personalities such as <\/span>Dexter Card, <\/span>Reb Foster, <\/span>Tom Griffiths, Specs Howard and Rod Roddy<\/span> <\/span>added <\/span>their<\/span> own flair<\/span> to this <\/span>very <\/span>festive <\/span>event<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>On another note, t<\/span>he American Federation of Television & Radio Artists (AFTRA) <\/span>union <\/span>a<\/span>nnounced that it <\/span>would <\/span>a<\/span>ccept <\/span>W<\/span>BC\u2019s <\/span>latest<\/span> <\/span>wage <\/span>offer.[78]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It specified that <\/span>5% of <\/span>employee <\/span>wages <\/span>be deposited <\/span>into <\/span>a <\/span>new<\/span>ly created<\/span> <\/span>AFTRA<\/span> <\/span>pension <\/span>fund.<\/span> <\/span>On the broadcasting side, <\/span>Al James<\/span>,<\/span> one of <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>newest <\/span>stars<\/span>, t<\/span>ook over <\/span>both the e<\/span>arly evening and late night <\/span>weekend <\/span>slots<\/span>.<\/span>[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>He remained <\/span>a fixture <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>radio <\/span>into <\/span>the <\/span>19<\/span>70s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In <\/span>a<\/span>nother <\/span>federal<\/span> <\/span>related <\/span>matter, <\/span>WBC <\/span>that <\/span>December<\/span> <\/span>turned over <\/span>to the FCC <\/span>legal <\/span>document<\/span>s <\/span>prov<\/span>ing <\/span>that <\/span>th<\/span>is<\/span> b<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>arm of <\/span>Westinghouse Electric <\/span>was <\/span>truly <\/span>independent<\/span> of its parent company<\/span>.[80]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>h<\/span>at <\/span>formal <\/span>separation occurred <\/span>in <\/span>19<\/span>53. <\/span>As part of a<\/span> <\/span>continual <\/span>effort to provide the <\/span>very <\/span>finest <\/span>in <\/span>both <\/span>news and commentary, KYW<\/span>-Cleveland<\/span> e<\/span>xpanded <\/span>its <\/span>daily <\/span>N<\/span>oon newscast<\/span> <\/span>beginning <\/span>in January 19<\/span>62<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Jack Bennett <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ed<\/span> from the <\/span>studio<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>while<\/span> his partner <\/span>Hugh Danaceau <\/span>(1929-2003) <\/span>read the news <\/span>from the <\/span>nearby <\/span>Citizen\u2019s Federal Bank<\/span> <\/span>Building<\/span> on East 6<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> Street<\/span>.<\/span>[81]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Two months <\/span>later, the <\/span>feds <\/span>renewed <\/span>the station\u2019s <\/span>license <\/span>for <\/span>an<\/span> additional <\/span>three <\/span>years.[82]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Also, <\/span>Harv<\/span>e<\/span> Morgan <\/span>wrote a <\/span>fascinating <\/span>book on <\/span>President Lincoln<\/span> <\/span>later <\/span>that <\/span>same <\/span>year<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>housands<\/span> of <\/span>phoned-in <\/span>questions <\/span>he <\/span>received <\/span>during <\/span>his <\/span>Lincoln-<\/span>a-<\/span>T<\/span>hon<\/span> <\/span>program<\/span> that February<\/span> led him to write it<\/span>.<\/span>[83]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0In a <\/span>candid <\/span><\/span>Cleveland<\/span> Plain <\/span>Dealer<\/span><\/span> <\/span>interview<\/span> <\/span>with <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>chief <\/span>publicist<\/span> <\/span>Mike Ruppe Jr.<\/span>, he<\/span> <\/span>admit<\/span>ted<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>his <\/span>clever<\/span> <\/span>ad<\/span>vertising <\/span>campaigns <\/span>had<\/span> <\/span>play<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>a <\/span>key <\/span>role in <\/span>that <\/span>outlets<\/span> <\/span>recent <\/span>power climb to <\/span>the <\/span>top of the local <\/span>ratings<\/span>.[84]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>B<\/span>uild<\/span>ing<\/span> up <\/span>it<\/span>s <\/span>image <\/span>by <\/span>telling <\/span>its <\/span>many <\/span>listeners about <\/span>upcoming <\/span>station <\/span>events<\/span> and<\/span> <\/span>hiring exciting <\/span>new<\/span> radio<\/span> <\/span>personalities <\/span>wa<\/span>s <\/span>exactly <\/span>what <\/span>winning <\/span>promotion<\/span> department<\/span>s <\/span>did <\/span>regular<\/span>ly<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Ruppe <\/span>concluded <\/span>by saying <\/span>that <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>many <\/span>c<\/span>atchy<\/span> <\/span>j<\/span>ingles <\/span>definitely <\/span>separate<\/span>d<\/span> this <\/span>enterprise <\/span>from <\/span>its <\/span>rivals<\/span>. <\/span>He <\/span>reiterated<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>\u201c<\/span>a happy listener <\/span>is <\/span>a loyal <\/span>listener<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

That <\/span>same <\/span>March, a<\/span>n <\/span>NBC A<\/span>ccount<\/span>ant<\/span> <\/span>Robert D. <\/span>Johnson <\/span>became <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>latest <\/span>b<\/span>usiness <\/span>m<\/span>anager<\/span>. He replaced Irv Ruby who <\/span>assumed <\/span>similar <\/span>responsibilities <\/span>at <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse\u2019s <\/span>West C<\/span>oast <\/span>radio <\/span>affiliate <\/span>KEX.[85]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0KYW thank<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>everyone <\/span>for the positive <\/span>feedback <\/span>it <\/span>had <\/span>been <\/span>receiving regarding <\/span>its <\/span>latest <\/span>brochure <\/span>entitled <\/span>\u201cIf You Are Arrested.\u201d[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Without a <\/span>doubt, this <\/span>popular <\/span>broadcaster <\/span>had <\/span>gain<\/span>ed <\/span>a well-<\/span>earned <\/span>reputation for helping <\/span>those <\/span>in need<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The <\/span>lucky <\/span>w<\/span>inner of the \u201cWhy I\u2019d like to be Dex Card\u2019s Boss for a Day\u201d <\/span>contest <\/span>had him <\/span>clean <\/span>her <\/span>house<\/span> top to bottom<\/span>.[87]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>W<\/span>BC\u2019s <\/span>rosy <\/span>financial <\/span>picture <\/span>in early \u201962 <\/span>convinced its <\/span>corporate <\/span>heads <\/span>to <\/span>move ahead with plans to <\/span>purchase <\/span>one of <\/span>New York<\/span> City<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>most <\/span>prestigious <\/span>AM outlet<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>The addition of <\/span>1010<\/span>–<\/span>WINS <\/span>to <\/span>its <\/span>g<\/span>rowing<\/span> <\/span>list of <\/span>well-<\/span>respected <\/span>stations <\/span>brought <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse<\/span> Broadcasting <\/span>Company\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>total <\/span>number of <\/span>stations<\/span> <\/span>to nine<\/span>.[88]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he May <\/span>14<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>edition of <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/span>, The Business Weekly of Television & Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span>explored <\/span>the <\/span>extraordinary <\/span>renaissance <\/span>of <\/span>U.S. <\/span>commercial <\/span>radio<\/span> over the <\/span>past ten years<\/span>.<\/span>[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Many <\/span>experts <\/span>agreed <\/span>that<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in all probability<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>the future of <\/span>c<\/span>ommercial <\/span>radio <\/span>in the U.S. <\/span>w<\/span>ould be <\/span>closely <\/span>connected <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>willingness <\/span>of <\/span>local<\/span> <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>to relate <\/span>more <\/span>directly <\/span>to <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>ever <\/span>changing needs <\/span>and wants <\/span>of <\/span>their<\/span> <\/span>loyal <\/span>listeners<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span>utomation <\/span>in broadcasting <\/span>was making <\/span>tremendous <\/span>strides <\/span>in <\/span>radio <\/span>over <\/span>the p<\/span>a<\/span>st several years<\/span>.[90]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0In fact, m<\/span>ore <\/span>and more <\/span>programmers <\/span>were <\/span>relying on it when <\/span>developing <\/span>their <\/span>playlists<\/span> and <\/span>new <\/span>advertising <\/span>strategies. <\/span>The number of <\/span>stations changing hands <\/span>skyrocketed <\/span>in the earl<\/span>y<\/span> \u201860s as <\/span>the <\/span>abundan<\/span>ce of <\/span>ad<\/span>vertising <\/span>dollars <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>gradual <\/span>lifting of <\/span>severe <\/span>federal restrictions<\/span> <\/span>freed up <\/span>the buying and selling of AM outlets<\/span>. <\/span>The unrelenting <\/span>competition<\/span> among leading radi<\/span>o<\/span> br<\/span>oadcasters was responsible for much of it<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Buying numerous stations at a drop of a hat <\/span>demonstrate<\/span>d<\/span> t<\/span>w<\/span>o <\/span>important <\/span>things<\/span> about contemporary buyers<\/span>. First, it <\/span>confirmed <\/span>that <\/span>the buyer <\/span>ha<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>extra capital <\/span>ne<\/span>eded <\/span>to <\/span>embark <\/span>on such ventures and second <\/span>that <\/span>it expected <\/span>its efforts <\/span>to do <\/span>very <\/span>well financially<\/span>. If that was not t<\/span>r<\/span>ue then why <\/span>expose yourself to<\/span> <\/span>such <\/span>a <\/span>risky <\/span>thing?<\/span> Whether that <\/span>symbolized <\/span>an <\/span>accurate <\/span>po<\/span>rtrayal <\/span>of <\/span>an outlet\u2019s <\/span>financial <\/span>picture<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>in the early 1960s<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>was of little consequence in that <\/span>most big city radio <\/span>stations <\/span>appeared to be <\/span>build<\/span>ing <\/span>up <\/span>enormous <\/span>profits w<\/span>ith <\/span>only <\/span>minimum debt. As nearly e<\/span>veryone in<\/span>volved in<\/span> radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>knew <\/span>then <\/span>allowing <\/span>an <\/span>outlet <\/span>to <\/span>s<\/span>tand still <\/span>while a parade of your closest rivals <\/span>marched by triumphantly <\/span>was no<\/span> longer <\/span>a<\/span> viable <\/span>business <\/span>option. <\/span>The <\/span>prevailing attitude <\/span>was that y<\/span>ou\u2019ve got to <\/span>fight for what you want <\/span>right <\/span>now <\/span>or all m<\/span>ay <\/span>be lost<\/span> very quickly<\/span>!<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/span>xperts <\/span>in <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>reminded <\/span>everyone <\/span>that much of radio\u2019s <\/span>fantastic <\/span>re<\/span>s<\/span>urge<\/span>nce<\/span> <\/span>during <\/span>the <\/span>late <\/span>19<\/span>50s <\/span>and <\/span>early <\/span>19<\/span>60s <\/span>re<\/span>flected t<\/span>he <\/span>unbelievable <\/span>increase in the <\/span>number of <\/span>inexpensive <\/span>transistor<\/span> <\/span>radios<\/span> available in the market<\/span>.[91]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That was enhanced even further by many <\/span>programmers <\/span>who <\/span>relied <\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>many <\/span>very <\/span>desirable <\/span>broadcasts <\/span>a<\/span>vailable through <\/span>emergent <\/span>independen<\/span>t <\/span>entertainment <\/span>co<\/span>mpanies<\/span> to help fill their days<\/span>. Th<\/span>ose <\/span>sources <\/span>s<\/span>pecialized <\/span>in providing <\/span>surplus<\/span> <\/span>shows<\/span> to <\/span>money-strapped <\/span>broadcasters<\/span> <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>some difficulty <\/span>fill<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>up <\/span>their <\/span>airtime<\/span>. <\/span>Critics strongly <\/span>recommended <\/span>that all <\/span>radio <\/span>outlet<\/span>s regardless of <\/span>their influenced and <\/span>size should <\/span>follow<\/span> <\/span>three <\/span>basic <\/span>rules<\/span>. First, <\/span>they<\/span> should <\/span>limit the number of commercials<\/span> <\/span>they <\/span>broadcast <\/span>per <\/span>hour<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Second, <\/span>they should <\/span>insist that <\/span>their <\/span>advertis<\/span>e<\/span>ments <\/span>follow the <\/span>script<\/span>. <\/span>Third<\/span>, <\/span>they should <\/span>demand <\/span>flexible <\/span>program<\/span>ming<\/span> <\/span>at all times<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S<\/span>hrewd <\/span>executive<\/span>s at <\/span>KY-<\/span>11<\/span> c<\/span>lose<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>followed <\/span>th<\/span>ose <\/span>guidelines<\/span>. However, <\/span>they <\/span>also <\/span>knew <\/span>that when all was said and done <\/span>h<\/span>igh ratings and <\/span>increas<\/span>ing <\/span>revenues were<\/span> <\/span>really <\/span>all that <\/span>mattered<\/span>. <\/span>As w<\/span>e saw earlier<\/span>, <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>precarious <\/span>balanc<\/span>e <\/span>had to <\/span>be maintained even when it <\/span>limited <\/span>program <\/span>creativity<\/span>. That was <\/span>especially <\/span>true <\/span>when <\/span>big city <\/span>station<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>unexpectedly <\/span>introduced <\/span>pie in the sky <\/span>programs <\/span>without <\/span>first <\/span>e<\/span>xamining the <\/span>po<\/span>ssible pitfalls <\/span>that might occur <\/span>from <\/span>such <\/span>action<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Th<\/span>at <\/span>proved <\/span>especially dangerous <\/span>for smaller<\/span> <\/span>outlets<\/span>. A<\/span>ny misstep <\/span>by <\/span>those <\/span>operat<\/span>ing <\/span>on a <\/span>shoestring <\/span>might <\/span>prompt<\/span> <\/span>disast<\/span>e<\/span>r<\/span>. <\/span>But<\/span>, don\u2019t think for a moment that <\/span>large <\/span>city <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasters <\/span>were immune from <\/span>it they <\/span>weren\u2019t<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>That<\/span>\u2019<\/span>s where s<\/span>hrewd <\/span>business <\/span>managers <\/span>often <\/span>came into <\/span>the picture. <\/span>Many lead<\/span>ers in the <\/span>radio<\/span>-industry depended <\/span>on <\/span>versatile <\/span>promotion departments <\/span>and outspoken<\/span> <\/span>public relations specialists to handle <\/span>just such <\/span>emergencie<\/span>s<\/span> when they occurred<\/span>. <\/span>KY<\/span>W<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> Public Relations <\/span>D<\/span>irector <\/span>Charles L. Getz Jr. (1924-2008)<\/span> <\/span>was just <\/span>that kind of seasoned <\/span>executive<\/span> they relied on<\/span>. Part of his <\/span>responsibilities <\/span>in<\/span>c<\/span>l<\/span>ud<\/span>ed handling <\/span>any <\/span>unexpected <\/span>programming<\/span> glitches <\/span>that might <\/span>suddenly <\/span>pop up<\/span> out of nowhere<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th<\/span>o<\/span>se <\/span>scenario<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>played out <\/span>throughout <\/span>the \u201850s and \u201860s.<\/span> <\/span>High revenues often <\/span>encouraged <\/span>wildcat <\/span>program <\/span>speculation <\/span>sometimes <\/span>with <\/span>awful <\/span>results. <\/span>At one time or another <\/span>near<\/span>ly e<\/span>very<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>programmer <\/span>working <\/span>at <\/span>a <\/span>major <\/span>outlet<\/span> <\/span>believed that his <\/span>or her <\/span>suggestion <\/span>for a new show w<\/span>ould be <\/span>a<\/span>n instant hit<\/span> with listeners<\/span>. <\/span>Positive <\/span>thinking <\/span>like that <\/span>might <\/span>have been <\/span>more <\/span>welcomed <\/span>by radio <\/span>managers <\/span>if th<\/span>os<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>same <\/span>program<\/span> planners <\/span>had <\/span>successfully <\/span>ironed <\/span>out <\/span>any of <\/span>the <\/span>problems inherent<\/span>ly <\/span>a <\/span>part of introducing <\/span>most <\/span>new <\/span>show<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, few <\/span>followed <\/span>that<\/span> <\/span>logical<\/span> <\/span>line of reasoning<\/span>. <\/span>That promulgated program <\/span>s<\/span>peculation <\/span>throughout <\/span>the <\/span>crazy <\/span>1950<\/span>s<\/span> and 1960s<\/span>. <\/span>Potential p<\/span>itfalls<\/span> re<\/span>sulting from <\/span>such maverick actions <\/span>covered <\/span>the gamut<\/span>. They ran<\/span>ged<\/span> from <\/span>previously <\/span>un<\/span>imagined <\/span>high<\/span> production <\/span>costs<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>particularly during <\/span>the <\/span>initial <\/span>phase<\/span>s<\/span> of <\/span>production<\/span>, <\/span>to <\/span>whether <\/span>or not <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>local <\/span>audience <\/span>would <\/span>accept <\/span>this new <\/span>radical programming <\/span>concept<\/span>. <\/span>Certainly,<\/span> surprising <\/span>breakthroughs <\/span>in broadcasting <\/span>such as \u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>and <\/span>the Mike Douglas Show <\/span>encouraged <\/span>many <\/span>others <\/span>in the field <\/span>to experiment<\/span> <\/span>with <\/span>a wide range of similarly inspired <\/span>programs<\/span>. <\/span>The fact that <\/span>those <\/span>programs were <\/span>immediate <\/span>successes did not mean that <\/span>analogous <\/span>endeavors <\/span>would be as <\/span>profitable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Regrettably, <\/span>impractical <\/span>program<\/span>s<\/span> and <\/span>promotion<\/span>s <\/span>rarely <\/span>fare<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>well <\/span>in the open market <\/span>especially i<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>cities <\/span>such as <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>. <\/span>Le<\/span>t\u2019s not <\/span>forget <\/span>the <\/span>recent <\/span>Big K promotional disaster.<\/span> <\/span>That <\/span>was <\/span>why <\/span>most <\/span>station<\/span> manager<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>including <\/span>those at <\/span>KYW <\/span>increasingly turned to <\/span>recognized <\/span>experts <\/span>in the field <\/span>such as <\/span>Getz <\/span>to <\/span>com<\/span>e<\/span> up with <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>programming <\/span>ideas <\/span>that would <\/span>e<\/span>xcite <\/span>audience<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>without <\/span>straining <\/span>the <\/span>station\u2019s <\/span>budget<\/span>. <\/span>They <\/span>knew<\/span> <\/span>full <\/span>well that a<\/span>ny <\/span>miscalculation <\/span>on their part <\/span>might <\/span>produce <\/span>a negative ripple effect that <\/span>m<\/span>ight <\/span>reduce <\/span>profit<\/span>s<\/span> in the years ahead<\/span>. <\/span>Prior to <\/span>approving <\/span>any new show<\/span>, <\/span>Charles <\/span>Getz\u2019s <\/span>had <\/span>W<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>shrewd <\/span>accountants <\/span>analy<\/span>ze its prospects<\/span>. The<\/span> <\/span>corporate<\/span> <\/span>higher-ups <\/span>determined <\/span>whether tho<\/span>se <\/span>new <\/span>p<\/span>rogram<\/span>s would fly or not <\/span>with local audiences <\/span>b<\/span>ased on <\/span>earlier, <\/span>similar offerings <\/span>broadcasted by KYW-Radio<\/span>. <\/span>Modifying existing s<\/span>hows<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>base<\/span>d<\/span> on <\/span>the changing needs and wants <\/span>of its fan <\/span>base, <\/span>represented an easy <\/span>way to <\/span>ensure<\/span> continued <\/span>success<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Unfortunately, h<\/span>ast<\/span>il<\/span>y <\/span>conceived <\/span>shows <\/span>by <\/span>eager <\/span>programmers <\/span>want<\/span>ing<\/span> to make a name for themselves <\/span>might <\/span>have <\/span>serious <\/span>financial <\/span>repercussions<\/span> <\/span>further<\/span> down the road<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

As <\/span>w<\/span>e saw <\/span>earlier, t<\/span>he <\/span>frequent <\/span>hiring and firing <\/span>of <\/span>radio personalities might <\/span>be viewed <\/span>by <\/span>some <\/span>critics <\/span>as <\/span>very <\/span>impulsive <\/span>behavior<\/span> <\/span>displayed <\/span>by <\/span>tight fisted <\/span>business <\/span>managers or program<\/span> executives<\/span> <\/span>leveled <\/span>against defenseless employees. In reality, such decisions were considered as necessary stop gap measures all a part of running a successful radio station. Program cutbacks and frequent changes echoed the many budgetary constraints facing most broadcasting companies during those anxious times. They were often triggered by economic and social forces that were slowly unwinding within the existing market. Very powerful businesses and equally determined federal regulators encouraged much of it. Sadly, the listening public had little empathy in that regard. Whether the actions taken by KYW leaders to counter those limits were appropriate or not is probably not the right question to ask here. Given the growing rivalry among local AM stations and the accelerating costs involved in running those operations, a more appropriate question might be whether those station managers really had any other choices? In all likelihood the answer is no. Therefore, when radio broadcasters suddenly suspended shows or fired high paid celebrities, without apparent cause, most fans wrongly presumed that the station\u2019s own selfish interests governed their actions. In reality, outlets like KYW had little choice if they wanted to sustain high profits year after year. You have only to follow the careers of two local radio personalities Mark Allen and Jim Runyon to see how that played out in real time. Both joined the KYW-Radio team in the spring of 1962.[92]<\/sup><\/a> Allen symbolized the typical freelancer of his day who was looking for his first real break in broadcasting. Unfortunately, that was not in the cards for him at least not at KYW-Cleveland and here\u2019s why.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>good announcer <\/span>with <\/span>great <\/span>possibilities<\/span>, <\/span>Allen <\/span>apparently <\/span>did not <\/span>overly <\/span>impress <\/span>his <\/span>m<\/span>anagement<\/span> <\/span>team <\/span>who <\/span>quick<\/span>ly<\/span> <\/span>dismiss<\/span>ed him<\/span>. <\/span>Fear not, h<\/span>e <\/span>soon <\/span>re<\/span>appeared <\/span>as the <\/span>first <\/span>nighttime DJ <\/span>on<\/span> Cleveland\u2019s new<\/span> <\/span>rock and roll <\/span>sensation <\/span>WIXY-1260. <\/span>Allen later <\/span>relocated <\/span>to WCFL-<\/span>1000 <\/span>AM <\/span>in <\/span>Chicago <\/span>where he w<\/span>as <\/span>known as <\/span>Bob Dearborn. <\/span>He remained active in <\/span>radio <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>into the <\/span>Millennium<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>On the other hand, <\/span>Jim <\/span>Runyon<\/span> <\/span>climbed the ranks at<\/span> <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio <\/span>very <\/span>rapidly<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span> <\/span>Korean <\/span>vet<\/span>eran<\/span>, <\/span>he <\/span>first <\/span>hosted <\/span>a <\/span>radio <\/span>show on <\/span>WLW-<\/span>Cincinnati<\/span> followed by stints <\/span>at <\/span>WLWD<\/span>–<\/span>Dayton<\/span> <\/span>and WTVN<\/span>–<\/span>Columbus. He <\/span>remained <\/span>in <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>for three years before <\/span>mov<\/span>ing <\/span>to WCFL. <\/span>Four years later<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>he returned to Cleveland <\/span>as <\/span>WKYC\u2019s <\/span>new <\/span>morning man.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>He may <\/span>or may <\/span>not have been <\/span>as <\/span>talented <\/span>as <\/span>his colleague <\/span>Mark <\/span>Allen<\/span>,<\/span> but he sure had better luck<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>least at <\/span>KYW<\/span>-Radio<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>After <\/span>receiving <\/span>his <\/span>pink slip <\/span>in April \u2018<\/span>62<\/span>, Dexter Card <\/span>appeared on<\/span> <\/span>WERE<\/span>-Radio<\/span>; however, <\/span>not before <\/span>engaging in <\/span>a <\/span>legal <\/span>fight<\/span> with his <\/span>old<\/span> boss<\/span>es<\/span>.[93]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In fact, <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse<\/span> <\/span>had<\/span> <\/span>threaten<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>him <\/span>with a court injunction <\/span>if <\/span>he <\/span>start<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>to <\/span>broadcast <\/span>on W<\/span>ERE<\/span> <\/span>right away<\/span>. <\/span>His <\/span>contract at <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>expressly <\/span>prohibited him from <\/span>broadcast<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>on an<\/span>y <\/span>other station <\/span>within <\/span>a <\/span>fifty-<\/span>mile<\/span> radiu<\/span>s of Cleveland for <\/span>twelve <\/span>months<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>rapid <\/span>firing <\/span>of <\/span>several <\/span>other KYW <\/span>jocks <\/span>resulted in <\/span>Joe Mayer <\/span>assum<\/span>ing <\/span>both <\/span>the <\/span>late <\/span>afte<\/span>rnoon and early evening <\/span>slots. <\/span>Later <\/span>called <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Emperor Joe,<\/span>\u201d<\/span> <\/span>Mayer <\/span>remained a <\/span>Cleveland favorite <\/span>f<\/span>or <\/span>over <\/span>tw<\/span>o decades<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As <\/span><\/span>C<\/span>leveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span> channel checker Russ<\/span> <\/span>Kane <\/span>so <\/span>carefully pointed out <\/span>that June the non-stop merry go round of radio personalities continued <\/span>at <\/span>KY-11 <\/span>with Al James <\/span>expanding his duties after the firing of <\/span>Reb Foster.<\/span>[94]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In <\/span>mid-<\/span>1962, Cleveland ranked <\/span>seventh <\/span>nationally when it came to the <\/span>percentage of <\/span>families<\/span> listen<\/span>ing<\/span> to <\/span>FM radio.<\/span>[95]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>That <\/span>breakthrough in listeners <\/span>enabled <\/span>KYW-FM <\/span>to <\/span>re<\/span>tain <\/span>a <\/span>sizeable <\/span>lead over its <\/span>closest <\/span>r<\/span>ival<\/span>. After all, it <\/span>featur<\/span>ed <\/span>the<\/span> very<\/span> best in classical music <\/span>and <\/span>cultural <\/span>features<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Pulse Incorporated<\/span>, a <\/span>very <\/span>trusted name in the ratings game,<\/span> <\/span>helped <\/span>substantiate <\/span>that<\/span> claim <\/span>by <\/span>announc<\/span>ing <\/span>that <\/span>36% of <\/span>all <\/span>Cleveland families <\/span>listened to FM <\/span>radio<\/span>. <\/span>That <\/span>signified <\/span>a <\/span>major jump over <\/span>the previous <\/span>year<\/span>\u2019s percentage<\/span> of listeners<\/span>. <\/span>KYW\u2019s <\/span>Chief Publicist Charles Getz <\/span>resign<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>that same month <\/span>to <\/span>join<\/span> a<\/span>n <\/span>ambitious <\/span>Cleveland<\/span>-based<\/span> <\/span>public relations <\/span>firm headed by <\/span>Norman Wain (1928-2020)<\/span>.[96]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Getz <\/span>later partnered with Bud Wendell before establishing his own <\/span>firm<\/span> <\/span>at the end of <\/span>th<\/span>e<\/span> decade<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The pairing of Harry Martin <\/span>(1928-2009) <\/span>with Specs Howard <\/span>in <\/span>July <\/span>\u2018<\/span>62 <\/span>to create the <\/span>all-<\/span>new KYW morning team <\/span>was <\/span>pure <\/span>genius.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It changed the nature <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>broadcasting <\/span>forever<\/span> <\/span>even <\/span>t<\/span>hough some <\/span>successful <\/span>radio <\/span>duos<\/span> <\/span>already existed<\/span>.<\/span> Klavan and Finch <\/span>on <\/span>WNEW<\/span>–<\/span>New York <\/span>and Baxter and Riley on WERE-Cleveland immediately come to mind. But what made this pair so different from their competitors was that KYW matched a straight man Specs Howard with the outrageous Harry Martin. Many critics, at the time, wondered if such vastly different personalities could work together successfully in this conservative blue collar town. However, KYW\u2019s programmers were willing to take the chance.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>madcap <\/span>jock <\/span>from <\/span>KCBQ<\/span>–<\/span>S<\/span>an Diego, <\/span>Harry Martin <\/span>sh<\/span>ook <\/span>up <\/span>his <\/span>local <\/span>listening audience <\/span>whenever <\/span>and wherever <\/span>possible<\/span>. Meanwhile<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Specs Howard<\/span> <\/span>handled everything else<\/span>. <\/span>You\u2019ll never g<\/span>uess what<\/span> happened<\/span>. <\/span>Clevelanders loved <\/span>th<\/span>is <\/span>radio <\/span>duo <\/span>from the <\/span>very <\/span>start<\/span>. The whole Martin and Howard <\/span>radio <\/span>stick <\/span>began when Harry Martin<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>dressed in full Indian garb, <\/span>jumped <\/span>o<\/span>nto <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Municipal Field during a<\/span>n <\/span>Indians <\/span>home <\/span>game<\/span> and began dancing around<\/span>.[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Much to the dismay of KYW\u2019s <\/span>creative <\/span>promotional department, WERE, the radio home of the Indians, <\/span>paid <\/span>little <\/span>attention<\/span> <\/span>these antics<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, that did not stop Martin and Howard from shaking hands and signing autographs <\/span>much to the <\/span>delight <\/span>of <\/span>the many <\/span>Indians <\/span>fans<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Martin\u2019s <\/span>pranks <\/span>m<\/span>ay <\/span>have <\/span>seem<\/span>ed<\/span> out of character <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>\u201c<\/span>good old<\/span>\u201d<\/span> Cleveland<\/span>; however, <\/span>th<\/span>at <\/span>did not <\/span>slow <\/span>him <\/span>d<\/span>own<\/span> <\/span>not <\/span>for <\/span>a single <\/span>minute<\/span>. <\/span>If anything, <\/span>it <\/span>encourage<\/span>d<\/span> him to do <\/span>even <\/span>crazier <\/span>things <\/span>in the years ahead<\/span>. <\/span>KYW promoters that July hosted a special night cruise <\/span>as a way of <\/span>introduc<\/span>ing <\/span>this new morning <\/span>team <\/span>to the public<\/span>. Over <\/span>eleven hundred <\/span>fan<\/span>s paid $2.75 <\/span>a piece <\/span>for this <\/span>special <\/span>trip. Cruise<\/span> <\/span>goers participated in amateur performances, a sing-a-long, a puppet shoe and<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>of course<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>various <\/span>prize winning <\/span>contests.[99]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>It proved very successful and within w<\/span>eeks Martin & Howard<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>morning <\/span>ratings <\/span>shot <\/span>right <\/span>through the ceiling<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>They dominated the Cleveland morning <\/span>radio <\/span>scene f<\/span>or the next several <\/span>years<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In a<\/span> <\/span>far <\/span>more <\/span>serious <\/span>vein<\/span>, the FCC<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>July <\/span>\u201962 <\/span>hel<\/span>d <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>special <\/span>hearing<\/span> <\/span>on <\/span>broadcasting monopolies and their impact on <\/span>present day <\/span>network practices.[100]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>he U.S. Attorney General<\/span> a<\/span>nd <\/span>representatives from <\/span>NBC<\/span> and W<\/span>BC <\/span>testif<\/span>ied <\/span>in front of th<\/span>is<\/span> committee <\/span>r<\/span>egard<\/span>ing <\/span>the <\/span>proposed <\/span>RKO<\/span>-NBC<\/span> exchange.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>made it <\/span>quite <\/span>clear that it <\/span>wanted <\/span>to <\/span>receive <\/span>two <\/span>WRCV <\/span>renewal <\/span>license<\/span>s<\/span> one for <\/span>19<\/span>57<\/span> and an<\/span>other <\/span>for <\/span>19<\/span>60.<\/span>[101]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As you might remember, t<\/span>he U.S. Court of Appeals <\/span>in Philadelphia <\/span>had <\/span>overruled <\/span>a similar <\/span>request<\/span> <\/span>made <\/span>by <\/span>RCA-<\/span>NBC<\/span> previously<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Increasing a<\/span>ccusations <\/span>b<\/span>y <\/span>both <\/span>government and <\/span>business leader<\/span>s <\/span>over <\/span>potentially <\/span>serious <\/span>violation<\/span>s<\/span> of <\/span>federal <\/span>antitrust <\/span>laws<\/span> <\/span>committed <\/span>by that<\/span> same<\/span> network <\/span>continued to <\/span>p<\/span>ester <\/span>NBC<\/span>\u2019s <\/span>very sharp <\/span>legal <\/span>counsel<\/span>. <\/span>Topping that list<\/span> of complaints <\/span>was <\/span>again <\/span>the <\/span>unwarranted <\/span>t<\/span>hreat<\/span> made by NBC <\/span>that it would have <\/span>pull<\/span>ed<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>affiliation<\/span> <\/span>from certain <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse owned <\/span>television <\/span>stations if <\/span>that <\/span>trade <\/span>had not <\/span>proceeded<\/span> along a<\/span>s planned<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Some <\/span>critics <\/span>went do far as to <\/span>claim <\/span>that <\/span>NBC\u2019s actions constituted outright <\/span>blackmail. Of course, NBC denied <\/span>all charges <\/span>level<\/span>e<\/span>d against <\/span>by its opponents <\/span>by <\/span>saying <\/span>that <\/span>its <\/span>officials had scrupulously followed accepted procedures. A new radio personality Jim Stagg (1935-2007) made his 2 p.m. debut on KYW-Radio in August \u201862.[102]<\/sup><\/a> Prior to his arrival in Cleveland, he had worked at WYDE-Birmingham, AL; KYA-San Francisco and WOKY-Milwaukee. Stagg remained an important part of Cleveland radio until a shrewd new manager named Ken Draper recruited him for WCFL three years later. WCFL soon featured a very hip lineup. Not only did it include the likes of Jim Stagg and Ron Britain; but also, Jerry G, Larry Lujack, Barney Pip, Joel Sebastian and Dick Williamson. They quickly became major forces in Top 40 radio.<\/span><\/p>\n

The September 17<\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>issue of <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting, The Business Weekly of Television & Radio<\/span><\/span> <\/span>focused on <\/span>what was <\/span>radio\u2019s <\/span>secret to <\/span>its current <\/span>success. <\/span>A <\/span>new <\/span>study conducted by <\/span>CBS <\/span>of its <\/span>affiliates<\/span> came up with <\/span>the <\/span>seven <\/span>common denominators most responsible for radio\u2019s <\/span>incredible<\/span> <\/span>accomplishment<\/span>.[103]<\/sup><\/a> <\/span><\/span>First, <\/span>successful stations <\/span>display <\/span>their <\/span>new found <\/span>confidence by following <\/span>a <\/span>reasonable <\/span>business <\/span>agenda intended to promote <\/span>their <\/span>long-term <\/span>success<\/span>.<\/span> Second, <\/span>profitable outlets <\/span>encourage <\/span>their <\/span>many <\/span>employees <\/span>to be actively involved <\/span>in community affairs.\u00a0<\/span>Third, <\/span>well-<\/span>respected<\/span> radio enterprises establish <\/span>a <\/span>dependable<\/span> local <\/span>news o<\/span>peration <\/span>that <\/span>complement<\/span>s <\/span>their <\/span>national <\/span>affiliate<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>Fourth<\/span>, th<\/span>ey <\/span>hire <\/span>strong <\/span>radio <\/span>personalities for all shows but most especially the<\/span>ir<\/span> morning<\/span> gigs<\/span>. <\/span>Fifth<\/span>, <\/span>successful broadcasters <\/span>emphasize music diversity. <\/span>Sixth, <\/span>leading broadcasting entities feature extensive <\/span>local sports coverage. <\/span>Seventh, they<\/span> <\/span>actively <\/span>promot<\/span>e their efforts <\/span>by seeking out <\/span>advertis<\/span>ers who think <\/span>the<\/span> way they do<\/span>. <\/span>That same <\/span>CBS <\/span>poll <\/span>strongly <\/span>hinted <\/span>that <\/span>Top 40<\/span> <\/span>radio <\/span>was <\/span>rapidly <\/span>los<\/span>ing <\/span>its luster<\/span> in the radio market<\/span>.<\/span>[104]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Of course, <\/span>that <\/span>was not true<\/span> at all<\/span>. <\/span>In fact, <\/span>Top 40 <\/span>stations <\/span>w<\/span>ere <\/span>popping up <\/span>i<\/span>n more and more places<\/span> <\/span>nationwide each and <\/span>every day<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>drawn out <\/span>legal <\/span>battle <\/span>being <\/span>waged <\/span>be<\/span>tween Philco and NBC over <\/span>the right to <\/span>control <\/span>WRCV<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> licens<\/span>e <\/span>was far from <\/span>over<\/span>.<\/span>[105]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>In <\/span>late October<\/span>, t<\/span>he FCC <\/span>under the <\/span>watchful<\/span> eye of <\/span>its <\/span>Chief Examiner James D. Cunningham <\/span>(1900-1976) <\/span>attempted <\/span>to <\/span>settle <\/span>this <\/span>rather <\/span>awkward <\/span>issue <\/span>through <\/span>a <\/span>special <\/span>hearing.[106]<\/sup><\/a> <\/span><\/span>Th<\/span>is licensing <\/span>case <\/span>in some ways <\/span>bore a resemblance to <\/span>the <\/span>19<\/span>56 <\/span>swap <\/span>especially when it came to <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany <\/span>threaten<\/span>ing <\/span>to pull its <\/span>affiliation <\/span>f<\/span>rom <\/span>select <\/span>television<\/span> <\/span>outlets<\/span> <\/span>if <\/span>their parent companies did not comply with the <\/span>many stipu<\/span>l<\/span>ations <\/span>contained in their unique <\/span>agreement<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>It is interesting to note <\/span>at this time <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>Company<\/span>,<\/span> for a brief <\/span>interlude <\/span>in \u2018<\/span>54<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>seriously considered <\/span>exchanging <\/span>its <\/span>highly <\/span>sought after <\/span>Philly station <\/span>for an equiv<\/span>a<\/span>l<\/span>ent <\/span>CBS<\/span> outlet<\/span>.<\/span>[107]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Had <\/span>that <\/span>ensued<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>hen th<\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>whole <\/span>legal mess <\/span>b<\/span>etween<\/span> NBC<\/span> and <\/span>WBC <\/span>would never have happened<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In the <\/span>autumn<\/span> of <\/span>19<\/span>62<\/span>, <\/span>KYW negotiators met with <\/span>r<\/span>e<\/span>presentatives from <\/span>the American Federation of Radio and Television Artist (AFRTA)<\/span>. They wanted <\/span>to <\/span>not only <\/span>resolv<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>present chaos <\/span>resulting from <\/span>the sudden <\/span>firing of <\/span>Ken<\/span>neth A.<\/span> <\/span>Bichl<\/span>; <\/span>but<\/span> also, <\/span>hammer<\/span> <\/span>out <\/span>a new contract<\/span>.<\/span>[108]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>unexpected <\/span>firing of <\/span>Ken <\/span>Bichl<\/span> who had <\/span>served as the <\/span>AFTRA <\/span>u<\/span>nion president and <\/span>chief <\/span>steward <\/span>led to <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>massive <\/span>station <\/span>walkout<\/span> <\/span>that <\/span>had <\/span>lasted for weeks. Th<\/span>e final <\/span>agreed-upon <\/span>contract <\/span>gave <\/span>station <\/span>announcers<\/span> <\/span>making<\/span> <\/span>$156<\/span> <\/span>a week a $10<\/span> <\/span>weekly <\/span>raise <\/span>for year <\/span>one <\/span>with <\/span>an <\/span>a<\/span>dditional <\/span>$10<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>following year<\/span>. <\/span>Also, i<\/span>n one fell swoop <\/span>they <\/span>updated <\/span>out-of-date <\/span>termination <\/span>rules <\/span>while increasing <\/span>the amount of <\/span>compensation for <\/span>performance time<\/span>.<\/span>[109]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>raditional t<\/span>alent fees <\/span>paid <\/span>for spot announcements <\/span>were <\/span>increased <\/span>from <\/span>$5<\/span> <\/span>to $7.50<\/span>. <\/span>Meanwhile<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Bichl\u2019s <\/span>case <\/span>went to <\/span>a<\/span> special <\/span>arbitration<\/span> board<\/span> for <\/span>its <\/span>consider<\/span>a<\/span>t<\/span>ion<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span> <\/span>new <\/span>corporate<\/span>-wide<\/span> <\/span>strategy<\/span> <\/span>f<\/span>i<\/span>rst i<\/span>ntroduced <\/span>that <\/span>November<\/span> <\/span>changed <\/span>the name <\/span>\u201cProgram PM\u201d <\/span>in<\/span>to <\/span>\u201cContact<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d[110]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Not <\/span>surpris<\/span>ingly<\/span>, the <\/span>feds <\/span>unanimously <\/span>denied <\/span>RKO<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>most recent <\/span>petition <\/span>that<\/span> had asked <\/span>for <\/span>a <\/span>temporary <\/span>exchange <\/span>of stations <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>.<\/span>[111]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Had <\/span>the U.S<\/span>. <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>rd<\/span><\/span> <\/span>District Court <\/span>in <\/span>Philadelphia <\/span>uph<\/span>e<\/span>ld the <\/span>\u201959 <\/span>DOJ consent decree <\/span>and <\/span>refused <\/span>to <\/span>extend <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>December <\/span>\u201962 <\/span>deadline <\/span>then that network <\/span>would <\/span>have <\/span>had to <\/span>forfeit <\/span>its <\/span>Philly <\/span>license<\/span> <\/span>at <\/span>an <\/span>estimated loss <\/span>of <\/span>$20<\/span> <\/span>million<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Of course, <\/span>th<\/span>e FCC <\/span>did not hesitate to <\/span>grant NBC <\/span>its deadline <\/span>extension <\/span>while <\/span>reject<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>Philco\u2019s <\/span>latest <\/span>petition <\/span>calling for it <\/span>t<\/span>o <\/span>operate WRCV-TV<\/span> <\/span>for the time being<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>However, t<\/span>h<\/span>at<\/span> d<\/span>enial<\/span> <\/span>in itself <\/span>did <\/span>not <\/span>stop <\/span>Philco<\/span> <\/span>from <\/span>seeking <\/span>a <\/span>building <\/span>permit to <\/span>erect <\/span>a new<\/span> <\/span>WRCV <\/span>television antenna<\/span>. <\/span>B<\/span>oth the <\/span>U.S. <\/span>J<\/span>ustice<\/span> <\/span>Department <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>Philco <\/span>Corporation <\/span>continued to <\/span>oppos<\/span>e <\/span>NBC <\/span>r<\/span>eceiving <\/span>any <\/span>kind of a <\/span>deadline extension<\/span>.[112]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>NBC<\/span> <\/span>sai<\/span>d <\/span>t<\/span>hat it <\/span>would never have <\/span>agreed to <\/span>sign <\/span>the consent decree<\/span> <\/span>in <\/span>the<\/span> first place <\/span>had <\/span>it <\/span>suspected <\/span>then <\/span>that it might <\/span>lose <\/span>its <\/span>rights to <\/span>its <\/span>Philly <\/span>station.[113]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0The network further <\/span>argued <\/span>that it<\/span>s board<\/span> <\/span>members <\/span>had not violated any antitrust laws and <\/span>that it <\/span>should <\/span>be allowed <\/span>to <\/span>exchange <\/span>any<\/span> station <\/span>it <\/span>wanted <\/span>to <\/span>anyone <\/span>at <\/span>any<\/span> <\/span>time<\/span>. <\/span>Over the past five years, <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>nearly <\/span>$5 <\/span>million<\/span> investment in WRCV<\/span>-Philadelphia<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>yield<\/span>ed <\/span>it <\/span>very <\/span>impressive returns<\/span>.<\/span>[114]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nineteen sixty-two <\/span>ended with <\/span>NBC <\/span>repeatedly <\/span>deny<\/span>ing<\/span> <\/span>allegation<\/span>s<\/span> th<\/span>at it<\/span> <\/span>had <\/span>coerced <\/span>W<\/span>BC <\/span>into a<\/span>ccepting <\/span>the <\/span>trade<\/span> in \u201856<\/span>. <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>chief negotiator Charles R. Denny <\/span>(1912-2000)<\/span> who had <\/span>previously <\/span>served as<\/span> the FCC Chairman as well as <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>VP and General Counsel <\/span>further <\/span>claimed that <\/span>the <\/span>W<\/span>estinghouse <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany <\/span>h<\/span>ad <\/span>always <\/span>been treated <\/span>fairly<\/span>.[115]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>He <\/span>also <\/span>reminded everyone that <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse Electric<\/span> <\/span>Company <\/span>was nearly <\/span>twice <\/span>the size of <\/span>the <\/span>N<\/span>ational <\/span>B<\/span>roadcasting <\/span>C<\/span>ompany<\/span>.<\/span>[116]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>RCA-<\/span>N<\/span>BC<\/span>\u2019s<\/span> <\/span>negotiators <\/span>had <\/span>considered th<\/span>e Westinghouse Broadcasting Company <\/span>trade<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>part of <\/span>the <\/span>much <\/span>larger <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Denny Plan.\u201d<\/span> <\/span>That strategy had <\/span>mandated <\/span>extensive im<\/span>prov<\/span>ements for <\/span>c<\/span>ompany-<\/span>owned <\/span>facilitie<\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>nationwide <\/span>once <\/span>the <\/span>commissioners <\/span>had granted RCA-<\/span>NBC <\/span>control of WBC\u2019s <\/span>station holdings in <\/span>Boston, Detroit<\/span>, Philadelphia<\/span> and San Francisco. <\/span>In exchange,<\/span> <\/span>the <\/span>Westinghouse <\/span>Broadcasting <\/span>Compa<\/span>n<\/span>y <\/span>w<\/span>ould have <\/span>receive<\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>NBC\u2019s <\/span>very profitable radio and television outlets in Cleveland and Washington, D.C. However, problems soon popped up regarding the WRC-Washington, D.C. part of the deal. According to Denny, Westinghouse\u2019s disinclination to handle the red tape equated with owning and operating a major outlet in the District quickly narrowed the playing field down to only the Cleveland outlet.[117]<\/sup><\/a> During the winter of 1954 negotiations between the two networks suddenly came to a screeching halt when WBC redirected the bulk of its daily attention towards purchasing the Pittsburgh television station owned and operated by the Dumont Network. That delay lasted for months.[118]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

  1. Russell W. Kane, \u201cBob Hope to be Star of TV Political Farce,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. Russell W. Kane, \u201cRebirth of Germany\u2019s Military Documented,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 10, 1960. \u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 17, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. George E. Condon, \u201cBattle of TV Chains is Boiling Once Again,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  4. \u201cNBC-RKO Swap Under Fire,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> May 16, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  5. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  6. \u201cNBC-RKO Deals Under New Fire,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 6, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  7. \u201cNew NBC Roadblock: Rep. <\/span>Celler<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  8. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  9. \u201cNBC-RKO Deal in Court Again,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>July 4, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  10. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  11. \u201cNew NBC Roadblock: Rep. <\/span>Celler<\/span>,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> June 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  12. \u201cNBC-RKO Deal in Court Again,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>July 4, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  13. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  14. \u201cWBC Makes Own New Network,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> J<\/span>uly 25, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  15. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  16. \u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> July 29, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  17. Emerson <\/span>Batdorff<\/span>, \u201cYou and Your Hi-Fi,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/span><\/span><\/em>, July 30, 1960.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  18. \u201cFates and Fortunes,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 1, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  19. Russell W. Kane, \u201cFrom Mouse Club to Zorro,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 6, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  20. \u201cWBC Asks Transfer Hearing,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> August 8, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  21. \u201cWho Listens?\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  22. \u201cKYW is Way Up in Cleveland!\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/span><\/span><\/em>, September 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  23. Russell W. Kane, \u201cNew Disk Jockey Swung Into Town on Big Grapevine,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>September 4, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  24. Russell W. Kane, \u201cPaige to Have Male Exercise Competition,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> September 22, 1960.<\/span><\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  25. \u201cThe Westinghouse Approach to Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>U.S. Radio<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  26. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  27. Russell W. Kane, \u201cTraffic Court Returns to Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 2, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  28. \u201cThe Real Meaning of Modern Radio,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 3, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  29. \u201cSelected Revenue Items and Broadcasting Revenues, Expenses and Income,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>October 24, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  30. Russell W. Kane, \u201cTakeoff on Politics Too Light Hearted,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> October 25, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  31. \u201cFates and Fortunes,\u201d <\/span><\/span>Broadcasting<\/em>, <\/span><\/span>October 31, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  32. George E. Condon, \u201cBeautiful Music Pays Big Dividends,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 6, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  33. \u201cChristmas Open House,\u201d <\/span><\/span>The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>,<\/span><\/span> November 13, 1960.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  34. \u201cSaturday Radio Program Schedules, Schedule of Sunday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 19, 1960. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  35. \u201cFour Elected as Directors of City Club,\u201d Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 6, 1960. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  36. \u201cCleveland Plain Dealer Radio Programs, KYW-1100 KC,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 8, 1960. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  37. John W. Rees, \u201cOhio Forge, Union Agree on Contract,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 9, 1960. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  38. \u201cMusic to Trim Your Tree By,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 24, 1960. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  39. \u201cWestinghouse loses NBC-RKO Appeal, Supreme Court Denies Status in Station Swap Case,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, December 26, 1960. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  40. \u201cFM Station Key,\u201d U.S. Radio<\/em>, January 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  41. Russell W. Kane, \u201cMozart Lovers Unite and Swamp WDOK,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, January 17, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  42. Bureau of Labor Stats, \u201cRadio and Television Announcers,\u201d Occupational Outlook Handbook<\/em>, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  43. John W. Rees, \u201cKYW Pact Talks Go Past Deadline,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, February 1, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  44. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  45. \u201cFund Raising,\u201d U.S. Radio<\/em>, February 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  46. George E. Condon, \u201cManning Ends 35 Years on Air,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, February 1, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  47. Russell W. Kane, \u201cReal Divorce Cases to Be Dramatized,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, February 7, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  48. Russell W. Kane, \u201cSpring Must Be Near; Radio Stations Buzz,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, February 14, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  49. \u201cFates and Fortunes,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, February 20, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  50. George E. Condon, \u201cLife\u2019s TV Show: One Thing after Another,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 3, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  51. \u201cWestinghouse Report Cites Broadcast Property,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, March 6, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  52. \u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 8, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  53. \u201cWestinghouse Starts Own Network News Show,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, March 27, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  54. \u201cNew Broadcast Licensing Criteria?\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, April 3, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  55. \u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, April 12, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  56. \u201cQuestions, Answers on Timely TV Topics,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, April 15, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  57. \u201cElectronics Determines Market Limits-Goldberg,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, May 22, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  58. Russell W. Kane, \u201cArise! Valentino Fans and Flip to Channel 3,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, May 25, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  59. \u201c$10 Billion Teen Market-And Radio Owns \u2018Em,\u201d U.S. Radio<\/em>, June 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  60. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  61. George E. Condon, \u201cBroadcaster Aflutter in New Payola Scare,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, June 9, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  62. Russell W. Kane, \u201cTV in Paris Could Revive Old Thriller,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, June 29, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  63. Russell W. Kane, \u201cIt\u2019s Rare DJ Who Keeps Own Name,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, July 15, 1961. Russell W. Kane, \u201cDisc-gusted Jockey Gets His Name Back,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, August 31, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  64. Chuck Heaton, \u201cRadio Gives Sandlots a Boost,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, July 15, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  65. George E. Condon, \u201cGood Music to Get Trial Spin on WERE,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, August 28, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  66. \u201cTax Court Disallows Affiliation Writeoff,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, September 4, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  67. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  68. \u201cWBC to Appeal,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 2, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  69. Westinghouse Broadcasting Company v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue<\/em>, 36 TC 912, (1961). \u201cWestinghouse Loses Round in Tax Fight,\u201d November 5, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  70. \u201cMcGee Poses Questions on GE, WBC Licensing,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, September 25, 1961. \u201cThose WBC-GE Renewals,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, November 13, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  71. \u201cKYW-1100 KC,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, September 5, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  72. \u201cSchedule of Saturday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, September 30, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  73. \u201cFirst Oral History Series Covers Movies,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 16, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  74. \u201cThe Roddy Thing,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, October 14, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  75. \u201cKYW\u2019s Deaf and Blind Guests,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 24, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  76. \u201cRadio Highlights: 1957-61,\u201d U.S. Radio<\/em>, October-November 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  77. \u201cHigbee\u2019s One Day Only Christmas Open House,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 12, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  78. \u201cKYW and AFTRA OK Pension Plan,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 20, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  79. \u201cSchedule of Saturday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, December 9, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  80. \u201cCharges Refuted by Westinghouse,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, December 18, 1961. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  81. \u201cSee and Hear KYW Radio Noon News,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, January 22, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  82. Russell W. Kane, \u201cChallenge to Ponder Changing U.S. Scene,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 1, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  83. Russell W. Kane, \u201cPoor British! Lag in Commercials,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 11, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  84. Russell W. Kane, \u201cDream Men Zero In on Swingin Air Fans,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 18, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  85. \u201cBusiness Spotlight,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, March 21, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  86. \u201cDrumbeats,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, April 16, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  87. Russell W. Kane, \u201cNo, Jonathan Winters Didn\u2019t Flip His Top,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, May 3, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  88. \u201cWestinghouse Buying WINS,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, May 7, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  89. \u201cRadio Feels Confident in its Future,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, May 14, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  90. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  91. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  92. \u201cSchedule of Saturday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, May 19, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  93. Russell W. Kane, \u201cRuark Safari Nothing of Value,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, May 29, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  94. Russell W. Kane, \u201cCondon Blacked Out for Jury Research,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, June 6, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  95. \u201cFM\u2019s Zing Shown in Market Study,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, June 11, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  96. Russell W. Kane, \u201cPolicemen Object to Portrayal on TV,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, June 18, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  97. Russell W. Kane, \u201cYuk, Yuk, Yuk Team Takes Over Early Show,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, July 1, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  98. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  99. \u201cGet-acquainted Cruise,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, July 2, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  100. \u201cFCC Sets NBC-RKO Hearing,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, July 23, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  101. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  102. \u201cSchedule of Saturday Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, August 11, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  103. \u201cWhat\u2019s Radio\u2019s Success Secret?\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, September 17, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  104. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  105. \u201cShowdown in NBC, Philco Dispute Arrives,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 22, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  106. \u201cA Muscling Job in Philadelphia,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, October 29, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  107. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  108. \u201cStrike Looming at KYW Radio,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, October 29, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  109. \u201cStrike is Ended at KYW; Bichl Firing to Arbitration,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 19, 1962. \u201cKYW-AM-TV Strike Ends After Two Days,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, November 26, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  110. \u201cPlain Dealer Radio Programs,\u201d The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em>, November 18, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  111. \u201cFCC Vetoes Temporary NBC-RKO Swap,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, November 12, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  112. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  113. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  114. \u201cDenny Denies Threats to Westinghouse,\u201d Broadcasting<\/em>, December 24, 1962. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  115. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  116. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  117. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  118. Ibid. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-29","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/29","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/29\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":279,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/29\/revisions\/279"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/29\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=29"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=29"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/kyw-radio-cleveland\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=29"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}