13.7 Staff & Operations

Nonprofits come in all sizes. Some operate with only a few staff and many volunteers, while others employ hundreds or even thousands of people. The jobs within a nonprofit reflect the different functions needed to carry out its mission. Below are some of the major categories of staff and their responsibilities.

Program Staff

These employees provide the direct services that connect the nonprofit to the community. Examples include caseworkers at a social service agency, teachers in an after-school program, or staff working in a community arts center. Their work is often the most visible part of the organization because it fulfills the mission through hands-on activities.

Finance & Administration

This team manages budgets, accounting, and compliance with legal and financial rules. They make sure the organization is financially stable and that resources are used responsibly. In smaller nonprofits, these duties may be handled by one person, while larger institutions may have entire departments dedicated to finance and administration.

Fundraising

Nonprofits depend on outside funding, and development staff focus on securing those resources. They write grant proposals, plan fundraising events, and maintain relationships with donors and foundations. Their efforts ensure that the nonprofit has the money needed to support its programs.

Communications & Outreach

These staff members manage the nonprofit’s public image and relationships with the community. They may oversee websites, social media, newsletters, or public events. In many cases, they also handle advocacy or awareness campaigns that connect the organization’s mission to broader public issues.

Human Resources

Nonprofits that employ staff rely on human resources professionals to recruit, train, and support employees and volunteers. They help create a positive workplace culture and ensure compliance with labor laws and organizational policies.

Leadership & Management

At the top are executive leaders such as the executive director or CEO, along with program or department directors. They guide the overall direction of the nonprofit, make decisions about priorities, and ensure that the organization stays focused on its mission while running effectively day to day.

The Role of Volunteers

In addition to paid staff, most nonprofits rely heavily on volunteers. Volunteers can serve on boards, assist with fundraising events, or deliver services directly, such as tutoring, mentoring, or helping at food pantries. Their contributions expand the nonprofit’s capacity, especially for smaller organizations that may not have many paid employees. Managing and supporting volunteers is an important part of nonprofit operations, as their time and energy often make a significant difference in reaching the community.