{"id":485,"date":"2020-09-17T19:02:44","date_gmt":"2020-09-17T19:02:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/?post_type=chapter&p=485"},"modified":"2020-12-07T16:19:06","modified_gmt":"2020-12-07T16:19:06","slug":"ch-10-3","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/chapter\/ch-10-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch. 11.3: Key Terms"},"content":{"raw":"

amphetamine:<\/strong> central nervous system stimulant medications, most by prescription but some are only distributed illicitly in the U.S.<\/p>\r\n

attention deficit disorder (ADD):<\/strong> a diagnosis ascribed to individuals exhibiting a specific constellation of behaviors that include distractibility and disorganization, among others.<\/p>\r\n

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):<\/strong> a diagnosis ascribed to individuals exhibiting a specific constellation of behaviors that include the attention deficit disorder characteristics, as well as impulsivity and excessive activity, restlessness, and fidgeting, among others.<\/p>\r\n

autonomic nervous system (ANS):<\/strong> a part of the nervous system responsible for directing many involuntary bodily functions (e.g., breathing, heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity); it is comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that act in concert to maintain a state of homeostasis.<\/p>\r\n

caffeine:<\/strong> a stimulant compound naturally occurring in several types of plants around the world, including tea, coffee, and cacao\/cocoa.<\/p>\r\n

cocaine: <\/strong>a powdered stimulant substance produced from coca or produced synthetically, having both stimulant and anesthetic effects.<\/p>\r\n

crack:<\/strong> a crystal form of cocaine, as opposed to the powdered form.<\/p>\r\n

cross-sensitization: <\/strong>drug sensitization developed to one substance through repeated use that carries over as sensitization to another substance despite its never having been used.<\/p>\r\n

cross-tolerance: <\/strong>drug tolerance developed to one substance through repeated use that carries over as tolerance to another substance despite its never having been used.<\/p>\r\n

e-cigarette:<\/strong> a device designed to heat nicotine (or other substance) liquid by battery power rather than combustion (burning) as would be the case with traditional cigarettes.<\/p>\r\n

e<\/strong>-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury (EVALI):<\/strong> the label assigned to a respiratory illness\/symptom complex attributed to harm (or death) from using e-cigarettes\/vaping products.<\/p>\r\n

epinephrine:<\/strong> a central nervous system neurotransmitter (sometimes called adrenaline) with stimulant effects on the autonomic nervous system and dopamine centers.<\/p>\r\n

homeostasis:<\/strong> the state of balance\/equilibrium that systems attempt to achieve and maintain to preserve energy; generally, a healthy state in living organisms.<\/p>\r\n

methamphetamine: <\/strong>a synthetic form of amphetamine with longer lasting effects; having some recognized medical uses, it is primarily produced, distributed, and used illicitly in the U.S<\/p>\r\n

nicotine:<\/strong> the primary psychoactive (stimulant) component in tobacco, also may be produced in liquid or powdered form.<\/p>\r\n

norepinephrine: <\/strong>a central nervous system neurotransmitter (sometimes called noradrenaline) with effects on the autonomic nervous system.<\/p>\r\n

parasympathetic nervous system: <\/strong>a component of the autonomic nervous system responsible, in part, for regaining a state of homeostasis following an event where the \u201cfight or flight\u201d response has been triggered.<\/p>\r\n

second-hand smoke:\u00a0<\/strong>vapors and residue exhaled by someone who is smoking tobacco products and inhaled by a person who is not smoking.<\/p>\r\n

sensitization: <\/strong>repeated use of a substance leading to a decrease in tolerance--it takes less of the substance to produce the same effects previously experienced at higher doses.<\/p>\r\n

sympathetic nervous system: <\/strong>a component of the autonomic nervous system responsible, in part, for initiating a \u201cfight or flight\u201d response to trigger events.<\/p>\r\n

third-hand smoke:<\/strong>\u00a0 smoke residue that accumulates on hard and soft surfaces (e.g., carpeting, furniture, car seats) in areas where someone has been smoking.<\/p>\r\n

tobacco:<\/strong> a specific type of nicotine-rich plant, the leaves of which are processed to make a variety of products (cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco).<\/p>\r\n

vaping: <\/strong>the use of electronic\/e-cigarettes.<\/p>","rendered":"

amphetamine:<\/strong> central nervous system stimulant medications, most by prescription but some are only distributed illicitly in the U.S.<\/p>\n

attention deficit disorder (ADD):<\/strong> a diagnosis ascribed to individuals exhibiting a specific constellation of behaviors that include distractibility and disorganization, among others.<\/p>\n

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):<\/strong> a diagnosis ascribed to individuals exhibiting a specific constellation of behaviors that include the attention deficit disorder characteristics, as well as impulsivity and excessive activity, restlessness, and fidgeting, among others.<\/p>\n

autonomic nervous system (ANS):<\/strong> a part of the nervous system responsible for directing many involuntary bodily functions (e.g., breathing, heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity); it is comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that act in concert to maintain a state of homeostasis.<\/p>\n

caffeine:<\/strong> a stimulant compound naturally occurring in several types of plants around the world, including tea, coffee, and cacao\/cocoa.<\/p>\n

cocaine: <\/strong>a powdered stimulant substance produced from coca or produced synthetically, having both stimulant and anesthetic effects.<\/p>\n

crack:<\/strong> a crystal form of cocaine, as opposed to the powdered form.<\/p>\n

cross-sensitization: <\/strong>drug sensitization developed to one substance through repeated use that carries over as sensitization to another substance despite its never having been used.<\/p>\n

cross-tolerance: <\/strong>drug tolerance developed to one substance through repeated use that carries over as tolerance to another substance despite its never having been used.<\/p>\n

e-cigarette:<\/strong> a device designed to heat nicotine (or other substance) liquid by battery power rather than combustion (burning) as would be the case with traditional cigarettes.<\/p>\n

e<\/strong>-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury (EVALI):<\/strong> the label assigned to a respiratory illness\/symptom complex attributed to harm (or death) from using e-cigarettes\/vaping products.<\/p>\n

epinephrine:<\/strong> a central nervous system neurotransmitter (sometimes called adrenaline) with stimulant effects on the autonomic nervous system and dopamine centers.<\/p>\n

homeostasis:<\/strong> the state of balance\/equilibrium that systems attempt to achieve and maintain to preserve energy; generally, a healthy state in living organisms.<\/p>\n

methamphetamine: <\/strong>a synthetic form of amphetamine with longer lasting effects; having some recognized medical uses, it is primarily produced, distributed, and used illicitly in the U.S<\/p>\n

nicotine:<\/strong> the primary psychoactive (stimulant) component in tobacco, also may be produced in liquid or powdered form.<\/p>\n

norepinephrine: <\/strong>a central nervous system neurotransmitter (sometimes called noradrenaline) with effects on the autonomic nervous system.<\/p>\n

parasympathetic nervous system: <\/strong>a component of the autonomic nervous system responsible, in part, for regaining a state of homeostasis following an event where the \u201cfight or flight\u201d response has been triggered.<\/p>\n

second-hand smoke:\u00a0<\/strong>vapors and residue exhaled by someone who is smoking tobacco products and inhaled by a person who is not smoking.<\/p>\n

sensitization: <\/strong>repeated use of a substance leading to a decrease in tolerance–it takes less of the substance to produce the same effects previously experienced at higher doses.<\/p>\n

sympathetic nervous system: <\/strong>a component of the autonomic nervous system responsible, in part, for initiating a \u201cfight or flight\u201d response to trigger events.<\/p>\n

third-hand smoke:<\/strong>\u00a0 smoke residue that accumulates on hard and soft surfaces (e.g., carpeting, furniture, car seats) in areas where someone has been smoking.<\/p>\n

tobacco:<\/strong> a specific type of nicotine-rich plant, the leaves of which are processed to make a variety of products (cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco).<\/p>\n

vaping: <\/strong>the use of electronic\/e-cigarettes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":236,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-485","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":459,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/236"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":977,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/485\/revisions\/977"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/459"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/485\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=485"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=485"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/substancemisusepart1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}