{"id":50,"date":"2022-03-17T18:00:20","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T18:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=50"},"modified":"2023-04-28T18:41:26","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T18:41:26","slug":"american-cultural-garden","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/chapter\/american-cultural-garden\/","title":{"rendered":"American Cultural Garden"},"content":{"raw":"<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/26.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"506\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-157 size-full\" \/>\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/27.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"480\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-158 size-full\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span>The <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>Cultural <\/span><span>Garden <\/span><span>is <\/span><span>located <\/span><span>west <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>upper <\/span><span>Boulevard just <\/span><span>north <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Superior <\/span><span>Avenue intersection. <\/span><span>It <\/span><span>is <\/span><span>planted <\/span><span>informally with <\/span><span>native <\/span><span>varieties <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>trees, shrubs, <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>vines. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span>In <\/span><span>1933 <\/span><span>the administration <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Cleveland <\/span><span>Coun\u00ad<\/span><span>cil <\/span><span>Parent <\/span><span>Teachers\u2019 Association, <\/span><span>by <\/span><span>unanimous re\u00ad<\/span><span>solution voted <\/span><span>to <\/span><span>support <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>Garden <\/span><span>project. MIS. <\/span><span>Norma <\/span><span>Wulff, <\/span><span>then president <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>P.T.A. <\/span><span>Council, <\/span><span>appointed <\/span><span>Mrs. <\/span><span>Anna <\/span><span>Ochs <\/span><span>as <\/span><span>chair\u00ad<\/span><span>man <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>Garden <\/span><span>project. <\/span><span>Mrs. Jennie <\/span><span>K. <\/span><span>Zwick was invited <\/span><span>to <\/span><span>speak before <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>P.T.A. <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>described <\/span><span>in <\/span><span>detail <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>plan <\/span><span>for <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>Gar\u00ad<\/span><span>den. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span>The <\/span><span>future <\/span><span>site <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>Garden <\/span><span>was dedi\u00ad<\/span><span>cated <\/span><span>by <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Parent Teachers <\/span><span>Association Council <\/span><span>on <\/span><span>May <\/span><span>24, <\/span><span>1935. <\/span><span>MIS. <\/span><span>Norma <\/span><span>Wulff <\/span><span>presided <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>in\u00ad<\/span><span>troduced Mrs. <\/span><span>Anna <\/span><span>Ochs. Cleveland school chil\u00ad<\/span><span>dren <\/span><span>participated <\/span><span>in <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>program <\/span><span>with <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>folk <\/span><span>dancing, <\/span><span>and the <\/span><span>P.T.A.\u00a0<\/span><span>Mother singers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span>sang <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>folk <\/span><span>songs, <\/span><span>including <\/span><span>those <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Stephen <\/span><span>Foster. <\/span><span>Charles <\/span><span>L. Lake, <\/span><span>then <\/span><span>superintendent <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>schools, <\/span><span>extended greetings. <\/span><span>School bands\u00a0<\/span><span>played the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span>National Anthem <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>\u201cAmerica <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Beautiful.\u201d <\/span><span>Here <\/span><span>on <\/span><span>December <\/span><span>6, <\/span><span>1935, <\/span><span>a <\/span><span>bronze bust <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Mark <\/span><span>Twain, <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>work <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Frank <\/span><span>L. <\/span><span>Jirouch, and bought <\/span><span>with <\/span><span>pennies <\/span><span>given <\/span><span>by <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Cuyahoga County public <\/span><span>school <\/span><span>children, <\/span><span>was unveiled <\/span><span>upon <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>100th anni\u00ad<\/span><span>versary <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>author\u2019s <\/span><span>birth. <\/span><span>Mark <\/span><span>Twain, <\/span><span>pseu\u00ad<\/span><span>donym <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Samuel <\/span><span>Langhorn <\/span><span>Clemens <\/span><span>(1835-I910), <\/span><span>most <\/span><span>famous <\/span><span>for <\/span><span>his works, <\/span><span>Tom <\/span><span>Sawyer <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>Huckle\u00ad<\/span><span>berry <\/span><span>Finn, <\/span><span>was <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>first <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>to <\/span><span>be commemor\u00ad<\/span><span>ated in <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Cultural Gardens. <\/span><span>The <\/span><span>bust <\/span><span>was <\/span><span>accepted <\/span><span>by <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>late <\/span><span>Hugo <\/span><span>E. <\/span><span>Varga, <\/span><span>parks <\/span><span>director. A pro\u00ad<\/span><span>gram <\/span><span>followed <\/span><span>at <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Cleveland Museum <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Art. <\/span><span>Speakers included MI. <\/span><span>E <\/span><span>J. Bryan, <\/span><span>superintendent <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Cuyahoga County Schools; <\/span><span>Charles <\/span><span>Wolfram, <\/span><span>at <\/span><span>that <\/span><span>time <\/span><span>president <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Cultural <\/span><span>Gardens League; <\/span><span>Mayor <\/span><span>Harold <\/span><span>H. <\/span><span>Burton; <\/span><span>Dr. <\/span><span>A. Caswell Ellis, di\u00ad<\/span><span>rector <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Cleveland <\/span><span>College; <\/span><span>Mr. <\/span><span>Ted <\/span><span>Robinson, <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Cleveland Plain <\/span><span>Dealer\u2019s <\/span><span>\u201cPhilosopher <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Folly\u201d; <\/span><span>and Mr. <\/span><span>Robert <\/span><span>K. <\/span><span>Beck, <\/span><span>president <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>County <\/span><span>Board <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Education. <\/span><span>The <\/span><span>program <\/span><span>also included <\/span><span>songs <\/span><span>by <\/span><span>Public <\/span><span>School <\/span><span>pupils, <\/span><span>under <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>direction <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Zoe <\/span><span>Long Fouts, <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>a skit based <\/span><span>on <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>works <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Mark Twain. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span>On <\/span><span>October <\/span><span>27, <\/span><span>1938, <\/span><span>Mark Twain\u2019s daughter, <\/span><span>Clara, <\/span><span>at <\/span><span>that <\/span><span>time <\/span><span>Madame <\/span><span>Ossip <\/span><span>Gabrilowitsch, <\/span><span>placed <\/span><span>a <\/span><span>wreath <\/span><span>at <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Twain <\/span><span>bust.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span> <\/span><span>On <\/span><span>July <\/span><span>23, 1939, <\/span><span>a bust <\/span><span>of John <\/span><span>Hay (1838-1905), <\/span><span>American statesman <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>author, <\/span><span>secretary <\/span><span>to <\/span><span>Abra\u00ad<\/span><span>ham <\/span><span>Lincoln, <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>Secretary <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>State <\/span><span>from <\/span><span>1898 <\/span><span>to <\/span><span>1905, was <\/span><span>dedicated. <\/span><span>The <\/span><span>bust was <\/span><span>presented <\/span><span>to <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>Garden <\/span><span>by <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>B'nai <\/span><span>B\u2019rith organization, <\/span><span>in <\/span><span>recognition <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>John <\/span><span>Hay\u2019s <\/span><span>great <\/span><span>service <\/span><span>in <span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">defense of<\/span>\u00a0European Jewry against the Russian and <span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">Romanian<\/span>\u00a0persecutions of the 19th century, which he re\u00adgarded as a major matter of international concern. As a young attorney, he married Clara Stone, daugh\u00adter of Amasa Stone, of Cleveland, and was a resident of Cleveland for about ten years. He is buried in Lake View Cemetery, near the tomb of President Gar\u00adfield. The inscription on the John Hay monument in the American Garden reads as follows: <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span>\u201c<span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">Companion<\/span>\u00a0and biographer of Lincoln, ambassa\u00addor to Great Britain; Secretary of State under Mc\u00adKinley and Roosevelt, author, journalist. Presented by B'nai B'rith on the 100th anniversary of the birth of John Hay, in recognition of his championship of the cause of the persecuted, and his merited distinc\u00adtion as a statesman of good will.\u201d<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_159\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"315\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28.5.png\" alt=\"Daughter of Mark Twain (the former Clara Clemens) at the Twain Memorial \" width=\"315\" height=\"274\" class=\"wp-image-159 size-full\" \/> Daughter of Mark Twain (the former Clara Clemens) at the Twain Memorial[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span>Speakers at the John Hay dedication ceremony were Mayor Harold H. Burton, Rabbi Armand E. Cohen, Philmore J. Haber, Charles J. Wolfram, and Harold T. Clark. The Hay bust is the work of Frank L. Jirouch. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span>On August 2, 1948, a bust of Artemus Ward (1834-1867), pen name of Charles Farrar Browne, noted lecturer and humorist, and in 1859 a member of the Cleveland Plain Dealer staff, was given to the city by the Plain Dealer. The work of Sculptor Frank Jirouch, the bust was presented to the City of Cleve\u00adland by William G. Vorpe, Sunday editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer on behalf of Paul Bellamy, editor-in-chief. Mayor Thomas A. Burke accepted the bust for the city, Charles J. Wolfram gratefully acknowledged it as a notable addition to the other Cultural Garden memorials, and Donald Lybarger, president of the Early Settlers\u2019 Association, was the principal speaker in a talk paying tribute to Wards career. At the conclusion of the dedication, the bust was unveiled by Miss Patricia Gray, assistant society editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer and great-granddaughter of A. N. Gray, co-founder of the Plain Dealer. William Ganson Rose was master of ceremonies. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span>At the apex of the hillside triangle which forms the entrance to the American Garden stands a bronze bust of Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), sixteenth President of the United States known as the \u201cGreat Emancipator.\u201d Also the work of Sculptor Frank L. Jirouch, the bust was dedicated on July 22, 1950, on the occasion of the celebration of the 25th anniver\u00adsary of the founding of the Cultural Gardens. The bust was made possible by the \u201cPeter Witt memorial fund.\u201d Principal speakers at the dedication were Governor Frank J. Lausche, Nathaniel R. Howard, editor of the Cleveland News, and Albert A. Woldman, vice-president of the Abraham Lincoln Asso\u00adciation of Ohio.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_160\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"751\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28.png\" alt=\"Children of Cuyahoga County Schools Gather at Dedication of Mark Twain Memorial\" width=\"751\" height=\"267\" class=\"wp-image-160 size-full\" \/> Children of Cuyahoga County Schools Gather at Dedication of Mark Twain Memorial[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span>\u201cLike Lincoln, we must face unflinchingly the task Fate set before us,\u201d said Governor Lausche, in his address. Mr. Howard, in a tribute to Peter Witt, former councilman and civic leader, said that the late Clevelander admired Lincoln for his qualities of courage and patience, for his simple faith in the American people, and for his strength as a constitutional revolutionist. \"No is the time when we are all stand a little honest hero worship,\" Mr. Howard added.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_161\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"314\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29.5.png\" alt=\"Artemus Ward\" width=\"314\" height=\"512\" class=\"wp-image-161 size-full\" \/> Artemus Ward[\/caption]\r\n\r\nMr. Woldman described Lincoln's visit to Cleveland on his way to Washington for his 1861 inauguration. The Lincoln bust was unveiled by Peter Witt's granddaughter, Miss Sally Cummins.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 1951, the dedication of the completed Lincoln shrine took place. Historian William Ganson Rose spoke, paying tribute Lincoln, John Hay, George Washington, Artemus Ward, and other famous Americans. Mayor Thomas A. Burke also spoke, paying tribute to the generous efforts and actives of Charles Wolfram and Leo Weidenthal, and other Federation leaders. The pedestal upon which rests the sculptured head was donated by the city. The inscriptions upon it reads:\r\n\r\n<span>\u201cErected <\/span><span>in <\/span><span>memory <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>Peter <\/span><span>Witt--<\/span><span>Devoted <\/span><span>public servant <\/span><span>who sought <\/span><span>light <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>guidance <\/span><span>from <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>ideals <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Great <\/span><span>Emancipator. <\/span><span>1869-1948.\u201d<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span> <\/span><span>Set <\/span><span>in <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Lincoln <\/span><span>shrine <\/span><span>to the <\/span><span>right <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>bust <\/span><span>is <\/span><span>an <\/span><span>ornamental bronze tablet <\/span><span>inscribed <\/span><span>with <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>complete Gettysburg Address, <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>signed <\/span><span>with <\/span><span>a re\u00ad<\/span><span>production <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>author\u2019s <\/span><span>autograph--A. <\/span><span>Lincoln. <\/span><span>The <\/span><span>plaque, with <\/span><span>stone <\/span><span>mounting, <\/span><span>was <\/span><span>a joint <\/span><span>gift <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>A. L. <\/span><span>Maresh, noted <\/span><span>Lincoln collector, <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>Gen\u00ad<\/span><span>eral <\/span><span>Julius Klein, who <\/span><span>presented <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>mounting <\/span><span>through <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Jewish <\/span><span>War <\/span><span>Veterans. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span>Active <\/span><span>chairmanship has <\/span><span>been <\/span><span>shared <\/span><span>by <\/span><span>Mrs. <\/span><span>Anna <\/span><span>M. <\/span><span>Ochs <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>Mrs. <\/span><span>Norma <\/span><span>Wulff, <\/span><span>under <\/span><span>whose pres\u00ad<\/span><span>idency <\/span><span>in <\/span><span>later <\/span><span>years <\/span><span>the work <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>reorganization <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>Garden <\/span><span>on <\/span><span>a broad <\/span><span>scale <\/span><span>has <\/span><span>been <\/span><span>in <\/span><span>progress. <\/span><span>Mrs. <\/span><span>Ochs <\/span><span>is <\/span><span>vice-president.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_162\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"316\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29.png\" alt=\"John Hay\" width=\"316\" height=\"512\" class=\"wp-image-162 size-full\" \/> John Hay[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span>Typical <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>our <\/span><span>national culture <\/span><span>which <\/span><span>it represents, <\/span><span>in <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>Cultural <\/span><span>Gardens chain, <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>American <\/span><span>Gar\u00ad<\/span><span>den, in its <\/span><span>picturesque <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>flourishing forest setting, <\/span><span>confidently awaits <\/span><span>additions <\/span><span>of <\/span><span>other <\/span><span>leaders <\/span><span>in <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>nation\u2019s life. <\/span>","rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/26.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"506\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-157 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/26.png 378w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/26-224x300.png 224w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/26-65x87.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/26-225x301.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/26-350x469.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/27.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"480\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-158 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/27.png 501w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/27-300x287.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/27-65x62.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/27-225x216.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/27-350x335.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The American Cultural Garden is located west of the upper Boulevard just north of the Superior Avenue intersection. It is planted informally with native varieties of trees, shrubs, and vines. <\/p>\n<p>In 1933 the administration of the Cleveland Coun\u00adcil Parent Teachers\u2019 Association, by unanimous re\u00adsolution voted to support the American Garden project. MIS. Norma Wulff, then president of the P.T.A. Council, appointed Mrs. Anna Ochs as chair\u00adman of the American Garden project. Mrs. Jennie K. Zwick was invited to speak before the P.T.A. and described in detail the plan for the American Gar\u00adden. <\/p>\n<p>The future site of the American Garden was dedi\u00adcated by the Parent Teachers Association Council on May 24, 1935. MIS. Norma Wulff presided and in\u00adtroduced Mrs. Anna Ochs. Cleveland school chil\u00addren participated in the program with American folk dancing, and the P.T.A.\u00a0Mother singers\u00a0sang American folk songs, including those of Stephen Foster. Charles L. Lake, then superintendent of schools, extended greetings. School bands\u00a0played the\u00a0National Anthem and \u201cAmerica the Beautiful.\u201d Here on December 6, 1935, a bronze bust of Mark Twain, the work of Frank L. Jirouch, and bought with pennies given by the Cuyahoga County public school children, was unveiled upon the 100th anni\u00adversary of the author\u2019s birth. Mark Twain, pseu\u00addonym of Samuel Langhorn Clemens (1835-I910), most famous for his works, Tom Sawyer and Huckle\u00adberry Finn, was the first American to be commemor\u00adated in the Cultural Gardens. The bust was accepted by the late Hugo E. Varga, parks director. A pro\u00adgram followed at the Cleveland Museum of Art. Speakers included MI. E J. Bryan, superintendent of Cuyahoga County Schools; Charles Wolfram, at that time president of the Cultural Gardens League; Mayor Harold H. Burton; Dr. A. Caswell Ellis, di\u00adrector of Cleveland College; Mr. Ted Robinson, the Cleveland Plain Dealer\u2019s \u201cPhilosopher of Folly\u201d; and Mr. Robert K. Beck, president of the County Board of Education. The program also included songs by Public School pupils, under the direction of Zoe Long Fouts, and a skit based on the works of Mark Twain. <\/p>\n<p>On October 27, 1938, Mark Twain\u2019s daughter, Clara, at that time Madame Ossip Gabrilowitsch, placed a wreath at the Twain bust.<\/p>\n<p> On July 23, 1939, a bust of John Hay (1838-1905), American statesman and author, secretary to Abra\u00adham Lincoln, and Secretary of State from 1898 to 1905, was dedicated. The bust was presented to the American Garden by the B&#8217;nai B\u2019rith organization, in recognition of John Hay\u2019s great service in <span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">defense of<\/span>\u00a0European Jewry against the Russian and <span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">Romanian<\/span>\u00a0persecutions of the 19th century, which he re\u00adgarded as a major matter of international concern. As a young attorney, he married Clara Stone, daugh\u00adter of Amasa Stone, of Cleveland, and was a resident of Cleveland for about ten years. He is buried in Lake View Cemetery, near the tomb of President Gar\u00adfield. The inscription on the John Hay monument in the American Garden reads as follows: <\/p>\n<p>\u201c<span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\">Companion<\/span>\u00a0and biographer of Lincoln, ambassa\u00addor to Great Britain; Secretary of State under Mc\u00adKinley and Roosevelt, author, journalist. Presented by B&#8217;nai B&#8217;rith on the 100th anniversary of the birth of John Hay, in recognition of his championship of the cause of the persecuted, and his merited distinc\u00adtion as a statesman of good will.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_159\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-159\" style=\"width: 315px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28.5.png\" alt=\"Daughter of Mark Twain (the former Clara Clemens) at the Twain Memorial\" width=\"315\" height=\"274\" class=\"wp-image-159 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28.5.png 315w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28.5-300x261.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28.5-65x57.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28.5-225x196.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 315px) 100vw, 315px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-159\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daughter of Mark Twain (the former Clara Clemens) at the Twain Memorial<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Speakers at the John Hay dedication ceremony were Mayor Harold H. Burton, Rabbi Armand E. Cohen, Philmore J. Haber, Charles J. Wolfram, and Harold T. Clark. The Hay bust is the work of Frank L. Jirouch. <\/p>\n<p>On August 2, 1948, a bust of Artemus Ward (1834-1867), pen name of Charles Farrar Browne, noted lecturer and humorist, and in 1859 a member of the Cleveland Plain Dealer staff, was given to the city by the Plain Dealer. The work of Sculptor Frank Jirouch, the bust was presented to the City of Cleve\u00adland by William G. Vorpe, Sunday editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer on behalf of Paul Bellamy, editor-in-chief. Mayor Thomas A. Burke accepted the bust for the city, Charles J. Wolfram gratefully acknowledged it as a notable addition to the other Cultural Garden memorials, and Donald Lybarger, president of the Early Settlers\u2019 Association, was the principal speaker in a talk paying tribute to Wards career. At the conclusion of the dedication, the bust was unveiled by Miss Patricia Gray, assistant society editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer and great-granddaughter of A. N. Gray, co-founder of the Plain Dealer. William Ganson Rose was master of ceremonies. <\/p>\n<p>At the apex of the hillside triangle which forms the entrance to the American Garden stands a bronze bust of Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), sixteenth President of the United States known as the \u201cGreat Emancipator.\u201d Also the work of Sculptor Frank L. Jirouch, the bust was dedicated on July 22, 1950, on the occasion of the celebration of the 25th anniver\u00adsary of the founding of the Cultural Gardens. The bust was made possible by the \u201cPeter Witt memorial fund.\u201d Principal speakers at the dedication were Governor Frank J. Lausche, Nathaniel R. Howard, editor of the Cleveland News, and Albert A. Woldman, vice-president of the Abraham Lincoln Asso\u00adciation of Ohio.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_160\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-160\" style=\"width: 751px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28.png\" alt=\"Children of Cuyahoga County Schools Gather at Dedication of Mark Twain Memorial\" width=\"751\" height=\"267\" class=\"wp-image-160 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28.png 751w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28-65x23.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28-225x80.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/28-350x124.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-160\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children of Cuyahoga County Schools Gather at Dedication of Mark Twain Memorial<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cLike Lincoln, we must face unflinchingly the task Fate set before us,\u201d said Governor Lausche, in his address. Mr. Howard, in a tribute to Peter Witt, former councilman and civic leader, said that the late Clevelander admired Lincoln for his qualities of courage and patience, for his simple faith in the American people, and for his strength as a constitutional revolutionist. &#8220;No is the time when we are all stand a little honest hero worship,&#8221; Mr. Howard added.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_161\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-161\" style=\"width: 314px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29.5.png\" alt=\"Artemus Ward\" width=\"314\" height=\"512\" class=\"wp-image-161 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29.5.png 314w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29.5-184x300.png 184w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29.5-65x106.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29.5-225x367.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 314px) 100vw, 314px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-161\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artemus Ward<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Mr. Woldman described Lincoln&#8217;s visit to Cleveland on his way to Washington for his 1861 inauguration. The Lincoln bust was unveiled by Peter Witt&#8217;s granddaughter, Miss Sally Cummins.<\/p>\n<p>On June 11, 1951, the dedication of the completed Lincoln shrine took place. Historian William Ganson Rose spoke, paying tribute Lincoln, John Hay, George Washington, Artemus Ward, and other famous Americans. Mayor Thomas A. Burke also spoke, paying tribute to the generous efforts and actives of Charles Wolfram and Leo Weidenthal, and other Federation leaders. The pedestal upon which rests the sculptured head was donated by the city. The inscriptions upon it reads:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cErected in memory of Peter Witt&#8211;Devoted public servant who sought light and guidance from the ideals of the Great Emancipator. 1869-1948.\u201d<\/p>\n<p> Set in the Lincoln shrine to the right of the bust is an ornamental bronze tablet inscribed with the complete Gettysburg Address, and signed with a re\u00adproduction of the author\u2019s autograph&#8211;A. Lincoln. The plaque, with stone mounting, was a joint gift of A. L. Maresh, noted Lincoln collector, and Gen\u00aderal Julius Klein, who presented the mounting through the Jewish War Veterans. <\/p>\n<p>Active chairmanship has been shared by Mrs. Anna M. Ochs and Mrs. Norma Wulff, under whose pres\u00adidency in later years the work of the reorganization of the American Garden on a broad scale has been in progress. Mrs. Ochs is vice-president.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_162\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-162\" style=\"width: 316px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29.png\" alt=\"John Hay\" width=\"316\" height=\"512\" class=\"wp-image-162 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29.png 316w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29-185x300.png 185w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29-65x105.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/130\/2022\/03\/29-225x365.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-162\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Hay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Typical of our national culture which it represents, in the Cultural Gardens chain, the American Gar\u00adden, in its picturesque and flourishing forest setting, confidently awaits additions of other leaders in the nation\u2019s life. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-50","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":48,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/50","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/50\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":359,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/50\/revisions\/359"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/48"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/50\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}