{"id":62,"date":"2022-03-17T18:01:49","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T18:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/?post_type=chapter&p=62"},"modified":"2023-04-28T19:58:22","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T19:58:22","slug":"hebrew-cultural-garden","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/chapter\/hebrew-cultural-garden\/","title":{"rendered":"Hebrew Cultural Garden"},"content":{"raw":"\"\"\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nFirst <\/span>to <\/span>be <\/span>established <\/span>under the <\/span>new <\/span>conception <\/span>of <\/span>a chain <\/span>of <\/span>gardens <\/span>was <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew Cultural Gar\u00ad<\/span>den, the site <\/span>for <\/span>which <\/span>was <\/span>dedicated <\/span>in <\/span>1926. <\/span>\r\n\r\nLocated across <\/span>the <\/span>roadway <\/span>and <\/span>just <\/span>southwest <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Shakespeare <\/span>Garden, it is an oriental garden <\/span>in <\/span>three <\/span>sections in <\/span>a circular <\/span>forest-tree <\/span>setting. <\/span>The <\/span>stone walks are laid <\/span>out <\/span>to <\/span>form the <\/span>chief motif-the <\/span>six-pointed <\/span>Star, <\/span>or <\/span>Shield, <\/span>of <\/span>David. <\/span>\r\n\r\nA <\/span>hexagonal pool <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>center reflects a <\/span>pink <\/span>Georgia marble fountain, its <\/span>seven <\/span>slender columns <\/span>representing the <\/span>seven <\/span>Pillars <\/span>of <\/span>Wisdom, <\/span>and <\/span>in\u00ad<\/span>scribed <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>quotation, <\/span>in <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>characters, <\/span>from <\/span>Solomon\u2019s <\/span>Book <\/span>of <\/span>Proverbs: <\/span>\u201cWisdom hath <\/span>built <\/span>herself a <\/span>house; <\/span>she <\/span>hath <\/span>hewn <\/span>her out <\/span>seven <\/span>pillars.\u201d <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>garden <\/span>was <\/span>designed <\/span>by <\/span>Landscape Architect <\/span>T. <\/span>Ashburton <\/span>Tripp.<\/span>\r\n\r\nAt four <\/span>points <\/span>of <\/span>the Star <\/span>of <\/span>David are <\/span>bronze <\/span>portrait reliefs <\/span>of <\/span>world <\/span>renowned philosophers. <\/span>Moses <\/span>Maimonides, <\/span>Biblical <\/span>scholar and <\/span>physician, <\/span>was <\/span>born <\/span>in <\/span>Cordova, Spain, <\/span>in <\/span>1135 <\/span>and <\/span>died <\/span>in <\/span>Cairo, Egypt, <\/span>in <\/span>1204. <\/span>Baruch Spinoza <\/span>(1632-1677), <\/span>Spanish-born <\/span>philosopher <\/span>of <\/span>Amsterdam, <\/span>was a ma\u00ad<\/span>jor, <\/span>dynamic <\/span>force <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>development <\/span>of <\/span>Western <\/span>civilization <\/span>and moulder <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>thoughts <\/span>of <\/span>such <\/span>great <\/span>figures as <\/span>Lessing, <\/span>Goethe, <\/span>and Coleridge. <\/span>Moses <\/span>Mendelssohn <\/span>(1729-1786), grandfather <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>composer, <\/span>represents a modern <\/span>school <\/span>of <\/span>Jewish <\/span>thought, and translated the <\/span>Bible <\/span>into German. <\/span>Achad <\/span>Ha\u2019am <\/span>(pseudonym <\/span>of <\/span>Asher <\/span>Ginsburg, 1856\u00ad-<\/span>1927) <\/span>was <\/span>the <\/span>leader <\/span>of <\/span>cultural <\/span>Zionism <\/span>and <\/span>a <\/span>great <\/span>writer who <\/span>was responsible <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>revival <\/span>of <\/span>the Hebrew language. <\/span>The <\/span>olive <\/span>tree, the tree <\/span>most characteristic <\/span>of <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>history, <\/span>figures <\/span>promi\u00ad<\/span>nently <\/span>in <\/span>the planting <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Philosophers\u2019 <\/span>Circle.<\/span>\r\n\r\nA smaller, <\/span>adjoining garden <\/span>on <\/span>the <\/span>left, <\/span>the <\/span>\u201cmu\u00ad<\/span>sic <\/span>section\u201d, <\/span>is <\/span>planted <\/span>in <\/span>the shape <\/span>of <\/span>a Hebrew <\/span>harp, <\/span>or <\/span>lyre. <\/span>It was <\/span>dedicated <\/span>in July <\/span>of <\/span>1937 <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>unveiling <\/span>of <\/span>a monument <\/span>bearing <\/span>one <\/span>plaque <\/span>of <\/span>three portrait heads <\/span>of <\/span>Jewish <\/span>composers. <\/span>These are <\/span>Jzcques <\/span>Halevy <\/span>(1799-1862), <\/span>teacher <\/span>of <\/span>Gounod and <\/span>Bizet, <\/span>and <\/span>composer <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>opera, <\/span>The <\/span>Jewess; <\/span>Gia\u00ad<\/span>como <\/span>Meyerbeer <\/span>(1791-1864), who wrote <\/span>L\u2018Africa\u00ad<\/span>na, <\/span>Les <\/span>Hugenots, and <\/span>Le <\/span>Prophete; <\/span>and <\/span>Karl Gold-<\/span>mark <\/span>(1830-1915), author <\/span>of <\/span>Queen <\/span>of <\/span>Sheba, <\/span>and <\/span>uncle <\/span>of <\/span>the wife <\/span>of <\/span>former <\/span>Chief Justice Louis <\/span>Bran\u00ad<\/span>deis. <\/span>Funds <\/span>for <\/span>this <\/span>plaque were provided <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>Gan Ivri Women\u2019s <\/span>League. <\/span>\r\n\r\nTo <\/span>the right <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>main <\/span>section <\/span>is the <\/span>Poet\u2019s <\/span>Cor\u00ad<\/span>ner, <\/span>a ravine <\/span>rock <\/span>garden containing Palestinian <\/span>plants <\/span>and <\/span>bronze <\/span>tablets <\/span>with <\/span>appropriate <\/span>inscrip\u00ad<\/span>tions <\/span>from Hebrew literature. This <\/span>completes <\/span>the <\/span>general <\/span>design <\/span>of <\/span>the Hebrew Garden. <\/span>A <\/span>dominating <\/span>feature <\/span>of <\/span>this <\/span>rock <\/span>garden <\/span>is <\/span>a large boulder, <\/span>set <\/span>with a circular plaque, a bronze bas-relief, to the memory of Rebecca Gratz of Philadelphia. She was the founder of the first Jewish religious school in America, and is famous as the prototype of Rebecca, the heroine of Scott\u2019s Ivanhoe. She lived from 1781 to 1869. The Gratz plaque is flanked by plaques of Henrietta Szold and Emma Lazarus.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>dedication <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>Garden site <\/span>occur\u00ad<\/span>red during an important event: the <\/span>visit <\/span>of <\/span>Chaim <\/span>Nachman <\/span>Bialik <\/span>to <\/span>Cleveland. <\/span>Acclaimed <\/span>as <\/span>the <\/span>greatest <\/span>Hebrew poet <\/span>since <\/span>the Prophet Isaiah, <\/span>Bialik <\/span>had <\/span>come <\/span>from <\/span>Palestine <\/span>on <\/span>an <\/span>American <\/span>tour <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>case <\/span>of <\/span>Zionism. <\/span>On <\/span>May <\/span>5, <\/span>1926, <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>presence <\/span>of <\/span>a large <\/span>crowd <\/span>despite <\/span>steady <\/span>rainfall, <\/span>Bialik <\/span>plant\u00ad<\/span>ed three <\/span>Cedars <\/span>of <\/span>Lebanon in <\/span>the future Poet\u2019s <\/span>Cor\u00ad<\/span>ner <\/span>of <\/span>the Hebrew Garden, and <\/span>delivered <\/span>an <\/span>elo\u00ad<\/span>quent <\/span>address <\/span>in <\/span>Hebrew, translated <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>late <\/span>Rab\u00ad<\/span>bi <\/span>Solomon <\/span>Goldman. <\/span>City <\/span>Manager William <\/span>R. <\/span>Hopkins, <\/span>in <\/span>his <\/span>speech <\/span>of <\/span>greeting, paid tribute <\/span>to <\/span>the contributions <\/span>of <\/span>Hebrew writers to <\/span>world <\/span>cul\u00ad<\/span>ture. <\/span>Edmund <\/span>Vance Cooke, <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>poet, <\/span>Coun\u00ad<\/span>cilman <\/span>A. R. <\/span>Hatton, and <\/span>A. <\/span>H. <\/span>Friedland, <\/span>superin\u00ad<\/span>tendent <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland\u2018s <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>schools, <\/span>also\u00a0<\/span>participated<\/span>.<\/span>\r\n\r\n
In his address, Bialik, <\/span>Hebrew translator <\/span>of <\/span>Shake\u00ad<\/span>speare\u2019s \u201cJulius <\/span>Caesar,\u201d emphasized <\/span>the <\/span>joint <\/span>liter\u00ad<\/span>ary <\/span>domination <\/span>of <\/span>Shakespeare <\/span>and the Hebrew <\/span>Bible in <\/span>modern <\/span>culture, noting at the <\/span>same <\/span>time <\/span>that the <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>Garden site <\/span>faced <\/span>the <\/span>Shakespeare <\/span>Garden.<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_188\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"668\"]\"Mrs. Mrs. Jennie K. Zwick, Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, Dr. Chaim Weizmann, City Manager Hopkins, Leo Weidenthal[\/caption]\r\n\r\n\u201cToday Chaim <\/span>Bialik <\/span>plants <\/span>the <\/span>older <\/span>poetry <\/span>into <\/span>a newer <\/span>earth,\u201d <\/span>said <\/span>Mr. <\/span>Cooke, <\/span>referring <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>Ce\u00ad<\/span>dars <\/span>of <\/span>Lebanon, \u201cimmortal <\/span>in <\/span>a truer <\/span>sense <\/span>than <\/span>material reality, <\/span>immortal in <\/span>song and <\/span>story <\/span>. <\/span>. <\/span>. <\/span>the <\/span>symbolism <\/span>of <\/span>their evergreen <\/span>fragrance <\/span>representing <\/span>an ancient <\/span>faith.\u201d <\/span>Mr. <\/span>Cooke concluded <\/span>his address <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>words, <\/span>\u201cAnd the <\/span>significance <\/span>of <\/span>it all <\/span>is that <\/span>this <\/span>ceremony occurs <\/span>not in <\/span>hoary-Palestine, <\/span>or <\/span>in <\/span>dreamy Stratford-on-Avon, but <\/span>in <\/span>this modern, <\/span>throb\u00ad<\/span>bing, vital <\/span>City <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland, unsurpassed in its modernity by any city in the world.\"<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn <\/span>memory <\/span>of <\/span>Julius <\/span>Schweid, <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>civic <\/span>and <\/span>Jewish <\/span>communal leader, a <\/span>plaque <\/span>of <\/span>Israel\u2019s re\u00ad<\/span>nowned <\/span>poet, <\/span>Chaim <\/span>Nachman <\/span>Bialik was <\/span>dedicated <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>Garden <\/span>on July <\/span>25, <\/span>\u20181954,<\/span>more <\/span>than <\/span>28 <\/span>years <\/span>after Bialiks <\/span>visit <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>site <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>garden. <\/span>The <\/span>plaque, designed <\/span>by <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Bernard Cooper, was <\/span>the <\/span>gift <\/span>of <\/span>a sponsoring committee <\/span>of <\/span>which <\/span>Edward <\/span>J. <\/span>Schweid <\/span>and <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Haskell <\/span>H. <\/span>Schweid, <\/span>sons <\/span>of <\/span>Julius <\/span>Schweid, <\/span>were <\/span>members.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>formal <\/span>opening <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Philosophers\u2019 <\/span>Circle <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>Garden, <\/span>October <\/span>30, <\/span>1727, <\/span>was <\/span>a <\/span>national <\/span>event. Ceremonies <\/span>were participated <\/span>in <\/span>by <\/span>noted Jews <\/span>from <\/span>all <\/span>parts <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>world, <\/span>by <\/span>civic <\/span>leaders, <\/span>and <\/span>by <\/span>rabbis <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland. <\/span>Speakers <\/span>in\u00ad<\/span>cluded <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Judah <\/span>L. <\/span>Magnes, chancellor <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Henrietta Szold, founder of Hadassah, Rabbi Barnett R. Brickner, Rabbi Solomon Goldman, Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, and Rabbi Abraham Nowak, of Cleveland. Miss Szold and Rabbi Magnes planted cedars at the Achad Ha\u2019am plaque. Rabbi Brickner unveiled the Mendelssohn plaque, a gift of the Gan Ivri Wom\u00aden\u2019s League. Rabbi Silver unveiled the Achad Ha\u2019am plaque, given by the Cleveland Zionist District and Cleveland Hebrew schools; Rabbi Goldman unveiled the Maimonides plaque, memorial gift made to the garden by Mrs. Rae Roodman.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_189\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"313\"]\"Maimonides\" Maimonides[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Spinoza <\/span>plaque, <\/span>gift <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Cleveland Lodge <\/span>of <\/span>B'nai B'rith <\/span>had <\/span>previously been <\/span>unveiled <\/span>with <\/span>impressive ceremony <\/span>to mark the 250th anniversary <\/span>of <\/span>the philosopher\u2019s <\/span>death. <\/span>A. <\/span>H. <\/span>Friedland, noted <\/span>Cleveland poet <\/span>and <\/span>educator, delivered <\/span>the <\/span>principal <\/span>address.<\/span>\r\n\r\nBoth <\/span>the Gratz <\/span>monument <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>rock <\/span>garden <\/span>were dedicated in September, 1732, <\/span>as <\/span>part <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Sir <\/span>Walter <\/span>Scott <\/span>centennial celebration. Park <\/span>Commis\u00ad<\/span>sioner John <\/span>Brown accepted <\/span>the <\/span>memorial <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>city. <\/span>Max <\/span>E. <\/span>Meisel <\/span>delivered <\/span>the <\/span>address <\/span>on <\/span>Rebecca <\/span>Gratz.\u00a0 <\/span>Mrs. Jennie <\/span>K. <\/span>Zwick <\/span>made the presentation <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>plaque, a <\/span>gift <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Gan <\/span>Ivri <\/span>League. <\/span>Dr. <\/span>William <\/span>Auld <\/span>of <\/span>Elyria <\/span>gave <\/span>the <\/span>address <\/span>on <\/span>Sir <\/span>Wal\u00ad<\/span>ter <\/span>Scott.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_190\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"321\"]\"Henrietta Henrietta Szold[\/caption]\r\n\r\nCompleting a <\/span>grouping <\/span>of <\/span>memorials to famous <\/span>Jewish women <\/span>in <\/span>this <\/span>section <\/span>are bronze plaques <\/span>of <\/span>Henrietta <\/span>Szold <\/span>and <\/span>Emma Lazarus. <\/span>The <\/span>Henrietta <\/span>Szold <\/span>plaque <\/span>was <\/span>dedicated June <\/span>4, <\/span>1950, <\/span>the <\/span>90th <\/span>anniversary <\/span>of <\/span>her <\/span>birth. <\/span>She <\/span>was <\/span>founder <\/span>of <\/span>Hadas\u00ad<\/span>sah and creator <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Youth <\/span>Aliyah. <\/span>The <\/span>plaque <\/span>was <\/span>a gift <\/span>of <\/span>the Cleveland Chapter <\/span>of <\/span>Hadassah.<\/span>\r\n\r\nMrs. <\/span>Albert <\/span>P. <\/span>Schoolman <\/span>of <\/span>New <\/span>York, <\/span>member <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hadassah <\/span>National <\/span>Board, spoke on <\/span>Henriet\u00ad<\/span>ta <\/span>Szold. <\/span>Greetings were <\/span>by <\/span>Albert A. <\/span>Woldman, <\/span>di\u00ad<\/span>rector <\/span>of <\/span>Ohio Industrial <\/span>Relations <\/span>Department. <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>Lewis <\/span>W. <\/span>Phillips <\/span>was <\/span>chairman <\/span>of <\/span>the Henrietta <\/span>Szold <\/span>Committee.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Emma <\/span>Lazarus <\/span>plaque <\/span>was <\/span>dedicated June <\/span>16, <\/span>1949, <\/span>to mark <\/span>the <\/span>100th <\/span>anniversary <\/span>of <\/span>her birth. <\/span>The <\/span>Federation <\/span>of <\/span>Jewish <\/span>Women\u2019s Organizations, <\/span>presented <\/span>the <\/span>plaque, <\/span>which <\/span>is <\/span>inscribed <\/span>with <\/span>a <\/span>phrase <\/span>from the <\/span>sonnet <\/span>of <\/span>Emma <\/span>Lazarus which <\/span>is <\/span>affixed <\/span>in <\/span>bronze <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>pedestal <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Statue <\/span>of <\/span>Lib\u00ad<\/span>erty:<\/span>\r\n
\u201cGive me <\/span>your <\/span>tired, <\/span>your <\/span>poor, <\/span><\/div>\r\n
Your <\/span>huddled <\/span>masses <\/span>yearning to breathe <\/span>free,<\/span><\/div>\r\n
<\/span>The <\/span>wretched refuse <\/span>of <\/span>your <\/span>teeming shore. <\/span><\/div>\r\n
Send <\/span>these, <\/span>the <\/span>homeless, <\/span>tempest-tost to <\/span>me, <\/span><\/div>\r\n
I lift <\/span>my <\/span>lamp <\/span>beside <\/span>the <\/span>golden <\/span>door.\u201d<\/span><\/div>\r\nThese words reflect the spirit of the Cultural Gardens, which symbolically, also \u201clifts its lamp beside the golden door.\u201d\r\n\r\nTo <\/span>the right <\/span>of <\/span>the Philosophers\u2019 <\/span>Circle <\/span>and <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>entrance to <\/span>the <\/span>rock <\/span>garden <\/span>is <\/span>a bronze <\/span>memorial <\/span>plaque <\/span>of <\/span>Milton <\/span>B. <\/span>Schweid. <\/span>The <\/span>tablet <\/span>is inscribed <\/span>with <\/span>a quotation <\/span>from <\/span>Ecclesiasticus, <\/span>concluding <\/span>with the <\/span>following lines:<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u201cBountifulness <\/span>is <\/span>as a garden <\/span>of <\/span>abundance. And <\/span>benevolence <\/span>endureth forever.\u201d<\/span>\r\n\r\nAlso <\/span>in <\/span>this <\/span>section <\/span>is a boulder to <\/span>which <\/span>is affixed <\/span>a plaque <\/span>inscribed <\/span>with a passage <\/span>from the <\/span>writings <\/span>of <\/span>Emma Lazarus:<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u201cThe <\/span>Soul <\/span>at <\/span>Peace <\/span>Reflects <\/span>the <\/span>Peace <\/span>Without. <\/span>Forgetting Grief as <\/span>Sunset <\/span>Skies <\/span>Forget <\/span>the <\/span>Morn\u00ad<\/span>ing\u2019s <\/span>Transient <\/span>Shower.\u201d <\/span>The <\/span>boulder <\/span>was <\/span>presented <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>Garden <\/span>by <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>B'nai B'rith <\/span>Auxiliary, Cleveland <\/span>Heights <\/span>B'nai <\/span>B'rith <\/span>Auxiliary, <\/span>and <\/span>Balfour <\/span>B'nai <\/span>B'rith <\/span>Auxiliary, honoring <\/span>the <\/span>Women\u2019s <\/span>Grand <\/span>Lodge District <\/span>No. <\/span>2 <\/span>B'nai <\/span>B\u2019rith.<\/span>\r\n\r\nDr. <\/span>Chaim Weizmann, who <\/span>in <\/span>1949 <\/span>became Is\u00ad<\/span>rael\u2019s <\/span>first <\/span>president, in <\/span>1927 <\/span>visited <\/span>the Garden and <\/span>planted <\/span>several Cedars <\/span>of <\/span>Lebanon. <\/span>This planting <\/span>was <\/span>sponsored <\/span>by <\/span>the Keren Hayesod <\/span>Women\u2019s <\/span>Club. <\/span>The <\/span>Gan <\/span>Ivri Women\u2019s League took <\/span>part <\/span>in this <\/span>event.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn <\/span>1937 <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Jewry <\/span>celebrated the <\/span>100th <\/span>an\u00ad<\/span>niversary <\/span>of <\/span>its <\/span>existence <\/span>in the <\/span>community, <\/span>with <\/span>a <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>Garden <\/span>festivity <\/span>tree <\/span>planting <\/span>program. <\/span>Descendants <\/span>of <\/span>Simson <\/span>Thorman, <\/span>Cleveland\u2018s <\/span>first <\/span>Jewish <\/span>settler, participated.<\/span>\r\n\r\nSet <\/span>in a semi-circular <\/span>niche <\/span>just <\/span>beyond <\/span>the <\/span>foun\u00ad<\/span>tain and opposite <\/span>the <\/span>entrance to <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>Gar\u00ad<\/span>den <\/span>is <\/span>a bronze <\/span>memorial plaque dedicated <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>memory <\/span>of <\/span>Max <\/span>E. <\/span>Meisel <\/span>by <\/span>his <\/span>B'nai B'rith <\/span>asso\u00ad<\/span>ciates.<\/span>\r\n\r\nReliefs and plaques in the Hebrew <\/span>Garden <\/span>are <\/span>the <\/span>work <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland artists, <\/span>of <\/span>renown. <\/span>The <\/span>Mu\u00ad<\/span>sicians\u2019 <\/span>and <\/span>Gratz <\/span>plaques <\/span>are <\/span>by <\/span>Miriam <\/span>E. <\/span>Cramer, <\/span>the <\/span>Spinoza <\/span>portrait <\/span>by <\/span>Max Kalish, <\/span>the <\/span>Szold <\/span>plaque <\/span>by <\/span>Esther Samolar, <\/span>the <\/span>Emma Lazarus head <\/span>by <\/span>Wal\u00ad<\/span>ter Sinz. <\/span>The <\/span>three remaining philosophers\u2019 plaques <\/span>are the <\/span>work <\/span>of <\/span>Alexander <\/span>Blazys.<\/span>\r\n\r\nActive <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>establishment <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>Gar\u00ad<\/span>den were <\/span>Leo <\/span>Weidenthal <\/span>and <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>Jennie <\/span>K. <\/span>Zwick. <\/span>Mr. <\/span>Weidenthal, <\/span>editor <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Jewish <\/span>Inde\u00ad<\/span>pendent, <\/span>in <\/span>1936 <\/span>received <\/span>the <\/span>Eisenman <\/span>award <\/span>of <\/span>$1,000 <\/span>for <\/span>distinguished citizenship. Immediately <\/span>upon <\/span>the citation, Mr. Weidenthal turned <\/span>over <\/span>the <\/span>$1,000 <\/span>as <\/span>a contribution toward the <\/span>completion <\/span>of <\/span>the Hebrew Garden.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_191\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"663\"]\"View View of the Hebrew Garden from the Main Entrance[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIt was <\/span>on March <\/span>5, <\/span>1927, <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>Gan <\/span>Ivri Wom\u00ad<\/span>en\u2019s <\/span>League was <\/span>organized <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>home <\/span>of <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>Jennie <\/span>K. <\/span>Zwick, <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>purpose <\/span>of <\/span>developing <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew Cultural Garden. <\/span>At this <\/span>meeting, plans <\/span>were <\/span>made <\/span>for <\/span>the planting <\/span>of <\/span>Cedars of <\/span>Lebanon <\/span>in the garden by Dr. Chaim Weizmann, then president of the World Zionist Organization, who was soon to visit Cleveland. Officers elected at this meeting were Mrs. Zwick, president; Mrs. Henry Frankel, treasurer; Mrs. 0. Fink and Mrs. 0. K. Greenberg, financial secretaries; Mrs. L. Dembo, recording sec\u00adretary; Mrs. L. W. Phillips, publicity secretary.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nOn <\/span>March <\/span>9, <\/span>a committee <\/span>representing <\/span>the <\/span>or\u00ad<\/span>ganization, <\/span>called upon <\/span>City <\/span>Manager <\/span>William <\/span>R. <\/span>Hopkins and <\/span>presented <\/span>plans <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>embellishment <\/span>and development <\/span>of <\/span>the garden. <\/span>The <\/span>committee <\/span>con\u00ad<\/span>sisted <\/span>of <\/span>Mrs. Zwick, <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>B. <\/span>R. <\/span>Brickner, Mrs. <\/span>Hen\u00ad<\/span>ry <\/span>Frankel, <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>L. <\/span>W. <\/span>Klusner, <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>D. <\/span>Gara, <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>0. <\/span>K. <\/span>Greenberg, and <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>L. <\/span>W. <\/span>Phillips. <\/span>The <\/span>meeting was <\/span>attended <\/span>by <\/span>Sculptor <\/span>Max Kalish and <\/span>Leo <\/span>Weidenthal. <\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_192\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"311\"]\"Bialik\" Bialik[\/caption]\r\n\r\nOn <\/span>Monday, <\/span>April 11, <\/span>Councilman Abner <\/span>H. <\/span>Goldman introduced an ordinance establishing the <\/span>Cultural Garden and defining <\/span>its <\/span>units. <\/span>The <\/span>site <\/span>chosen <\/span>was <\/span>diagonally <\/span>across <\/span>from <\/span>the <\/span>Shakespeare <\/span>Garden, <\/span>on <\/span>the <\/span>upper <\/span>East Boulevard.<\/span>\r\n\r\nOn <\/span>Monday, <\/span>April 11, <\/span>Councilman Abner <\/span>H. <\/span>Goldman introduced an ordinance establishing the <\/span>Cultural Garden and defining <\/span>its <\/span>units. <\/span>The <\/span>site <\/span>chosen <\/span>was <\/span>diagonally <\/span>across <\/span>from <\/span>the <\/span>Shakespeare <\/span>Garden, <\/span>on <\/span>the <\/span>upper <\/span>East Boulevard.<\/span>\r\n\r\nAmong other pioneers in the Hebrew Garden cause were Edward J. Schweid, the late A. H. Friedland, the late Max E. Meisel, and the late Judge Lewis Drucker.\r\n\r\nPresent <\/span>officers <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>Hebrew Garden <\/span>Associa\u00ad<\/span>tion <\/span>are <\/span>Leo <\/span>Weidenthal, <\/span>president; Edward J. <\/span>Schweid, <\/span>vice-president; <\/span>and <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>L. <\/span>W. <\/span>Phillips, <\/span>secretary-treasurer.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Hebrew <\/span>Garden <\/span>in <\/span>its setting <\/span>of <\/span>tall <\/span>old <\/span>trees <\/span>gleams <\/span>\u201cas <\/span>a garden <\/span>of <\/span>abundance\u201d <\/span>reflecting <\/span>teach\u00ad<\/span>ings that <\/span>have <\/span>guided <\/span>the <\/span>way <\/span>of <\/span>myriads <\/span>through <\/span>the <\/span>passing <\/span>ages. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

First to be established under the new conception of a chain of gardens was the Hebrew Cultural Gar\u00adden, the site for which was dedicated in 1926. <\/p>\n

Located across the roadway and just southwest of the Shakespeare Garden, it is an oriental garden in three sections in a circular forest-tree setting. The stone walks are laid out to form the chief motif-the six-pointed Star, or Shield, of David. <\/p>\n

A hexagonal pool in the center reflects a pink Georgia marble fountain, its seven slender columns representing the seven Pillars of Wisdom, and in\u00adscribed with the quotation, in Hebrew characters, from Solomon\u2019s Book of Proverbs: \u201cWisdom hath built herself a house; she hath hewn her out seven pillars.\u201d <\/p>\n

The garden was designed by Landscape Architect T. Ashburton Tripp.<\/p>\n

At four points of the Star of David are bronze portrait reliefs of world renowned philosophers. Moses Maimonides, Biblical scholar and physician, was born in Cordova, Spain, in 1135 and died in Cairo, Egypt, in 1204. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677), Spanish-born philosopher of Amsterdam, was a ma\u00adjor, dynamic force in the development of Western civilization and moulder of the thoughts of such great figures as Lessing, Goethe, and Coleridge. Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786), grandfather of the composer, represents a modern school of Jewish thought, and translated the Bible into German. Achad Ha\u2019am (pseudonym of Asher Ginsburg, 1856\u00ad-1927) was the leader of cultural Zionism and a great writer who was responsible for the revival of the Hebrew language. The olive tree, the tree most characteristic of Hebrew history, figures promi\u00adnently in the planting of the Philosophers\u2019 Circle.<\/p>\n

A smaller, adjoining garden on the left, the \u201cmu\u00adsic section\u201d, is planted in the shape of a Hebrew harp, or lyre. It was dedicated in July of 1937 with the unveiling of a monument bearing one plaque of three portrait heads of Jewish composers. These are Jzcques Halevy (1799-1862), teacher of Gounod and Bizet, and composer of the opera, The Jewess; Gia\u00adcomo Meyerbeer (1791-1864), who wrote L\u2018Africa\u00adna, Les Hugenots, and Le Prophete; and Karl Gold-mark (1830-1915), author of Queen of Sheba, and uncle of the wife of former Chief Justice Louis Bran\u00addeis. Funds for this plaque were provided by the Gan Ivri Women\u2019s League. <\/p>\n

To the right of the main section is the Poet\u2019s Cor\u00adner, a ravine rock garden containing Palestinian plants and bronze tablets with appropriate inscrip\u00adtions from Hebrew literature. This completes the general design of the Hebrew Garden. A dominating feature of this rock garden is a large boulder, set with a circular plaque, a bronze bas-relief, to the memory of Rebecca Gratz of Philadelphia. She was the founder of the first Jewish religious school in America, and is famous as the prototype of Rebecca, the heroine of Scott\u2019s Ivanhoe. She lived from 1781 to 1869. The Gratz plaque is flanked by plaques of Henrietta Szold and Emma Lazarus.<\/p>\n

The dedication of the Hebrew Garden site occur\u00adred during an important event: the visit of Chaim Nachman Bialik to Cleveland. Acclaimed as the greatest Hebrew poet since the Prophet Isaiah, Bialik had come from Palestine on an American tour in the case of Zionism. On May 5, 1926, in the presence of a large crowd despite steady rainfall, Bialik plant\u00aded three Cedars of Lebanon in the future Poet\u2019s Cor\u00adner of the Hebrew Garden, and delivered an elo\u00adquent address in Hebrew, translated by the late Rab\u00adbi Solomon Goldman. City Manager William R. Hopkins, in his speech of greeting, paid tribute to the contributions of Hebrew writers to world cul\u00adture. Edmund Vance Cooke, Cleveland poet, Coun\u00adcilman A. R. Hatton, and A. H. Friedland, superin\u00adtendent of Cleveland\u2018s Hebrew schools, also\u00a0participated.<\/p>\n

In his address, Bialik, Hebrew translator of Shake\u00adspeare\u2019s \u201cJulius Caesar,\u201d emphasized the joint liter\u00adary domination of Shakespeare and the Hebrew Bible in modern culture, noting at the same time that the Hebrew Garden site faced the Shakespeare Garden.<\/div>\n
\n
\"Mrs.
Mrs. Jennie K. Zwick, Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, Dr. Chaim Weizmann, City Manager Hopkins, Leo Weidenthal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cToday Chaim Bialik plants the older poetry into a newer earth,\u201d said Mr. Cooke, referring to the Ce\u00addars of Lebanon, \u201cimmortal in a truer sense than material reality, immortal in song and story . . . the symbolism of their evergreen fragrance representing an ancient faith.\u201d Mr. Cooke concluded his address with the words, \u201cAnd the significance of it all is that this ceremony occurs not in hoary-Palestine, or in dreamy Stratford-on-Avon, but in this modern, throb\u00adbing, vital City of Cleveland, unsurpassed in its modernity by any city in the world.”<\/p>\n

In memory of Julius Schweid, Cleveland civic and Jewish communal leader, a plaque of Israel\u2019s re\u00adnowned poet, Chaim Nachman Bialik was dedicated in the Hebrew Garden on July 25, \u20181954,more than 28 years after Bialiks visit to the site of the garden. The plaque, designed by Dr. Bernard Cooper, was the gift of a sponsoring committee of which Edward J. Schweid and Dr. Haskell H. Schweid, sons of Julius Schweid, were members.<\/p>\n

The formal opening of the Philosophers\u2019 Circle of the Hebrew Garden, October 30, 1727, was a national event. Ceremonies were participated in by noted Jews from all parts of the world, by civic leaders, and by rabbis of Cleveland. Speakers in\u00adcluded Dr. Judah L. Magnes, chancellor of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Henrietta Szold, founder of Hadassah, Rabbi Barnett R. Brickner, Rabbi Solomon Goldman, Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, and Rabbi Abraham Nowak, of Cleveland. Miss Szold and Rabbi Magnes planted cedars at the Achad Ha\u2019am plaque. Rabbi Brickner unveiled the Mendelssohn plaque, a gift of the Gan Ivri Wom\u00aden\u2019s League. Rabbi Silver unveiled the Achad Ha\u2019am plaque, given by the Cleveland Zionist District and Cleveland Hebrew schools; Rabbi Goldman unveiled the Maimonides plaque, memorial gift made to the garden by Mrs. Rae Roodman.<\/p>\n

\"Maimonides\"
Maimonides<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Spinoza plaque, gift of the Cleveland Lodge of B’nai B’rith had previously been unveiled with impressive ceremony to mark the 250th anniversary of the philosopher\u2019s death. A. H. Friedland, noted Cleveland poet and educator, delivered the principal address.<\/p>\n

Both the Gratz monument and the rock garden were dedicated in September, 1732, as part of the Sir Walter Scott centennial celebration. Park Commis\u00adsioner John Brown accepted the memorial for the city. Max E. Meisel delivered the address on Rebecca Gratz.\u00a0 Mrs. Jennie K. Zwick made the presentation of the plaque, a gift of the Gan Ivri League. Dr. William Auld of Elyria gave the address on Sir Wal\u00adter Scott.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Henrietta
Henrietta Szold<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Completing a grouping of memorials to famous Jewish women in this section are bronze plaques of Henrietta Szold and Emma Lazarus. The Henrietta Szold plaque was dedicated June 4, 1950, the 90th anniversary of her birth. She was founder of Hadas\u00adsah and creator of the Youth Aliyah. The plaque was a gift of the Cleveland Chapter of Hadassah.<\/p>\n

Mrs. Albert P. Schoolman of New York, member of the Hadassah National Board, spoke on Henriet\u00adta Szold. Greetings were by Albert A. Woldman, di\u00adrector of Ohio Industrial Relations Department. Mrs. Lewis W. Phillips was chairman of the Henrietta Szold Committee.<\/p>\n

The Emma Lazarus plaque was dedicated June 16, 1949, to mark the 100th anniversary of her birth. The Federation of Jewish Women\u2019s Organizations, presented the plaque, which is inscribed with a phrase from the sonnet of Emma Lazarus which is affixed in bronze to the pedestal of the Statue of Lib\u00aderty:<\/p>\n

\u201cGive me your tired, your poor, <\/div>\n
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,<\/div>\n
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. <\/div>\n
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, <\/div>\n
I lift my lamp beside the golden door.\u201d<\/div>\n

These words reflect the spirit of the Cultural Gardens, which symbolically, also \u201clifts its lamp beside the golden door.\u201d<\/p>\n

To the right of the Philosophers\u2019 Circle and at the entrance to the rock garden is a bronze memorial plaque of Milton B. Schweid. The tablet is inscribed with a quotation from Ecclesiasticus, concluding with the following lines:<\/p>\n

\u201cBountifulness is as a garden of abundance. And benevolence endureth forever.\u201d<\/p>\n

Also in this section is a boulder to which is affixed a plaque inscribed with a passage from the writings of Emma Lazarus:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Soul at Peace Reflects the Peace Without. Forgetting Grief as Sunset Skies Forget the Morn\u00ading\u2019s Transient Shower.\u201d The boulder was presented to the Hebrew Garden by Cleveland B’nai B’rith Auxiliary, Cleveland Heights B’nai B’rith Auxiliary, and Balfour B’nai B’rith Auxiliary, honoring the Women\u2019s Grand Lodge District No. 2 B’nai B\u2019rith.<\/p>\n

Dr. Chaim Weizmann, who in 1949 became Is\u00adrael\u2019s first president, in 1927 visited the Garden and planted several Cedars of Lebanon. This planting was sponsored by the Keren Hayesod Women\u2019s Club. The Gan Ivri Women\u2019s League took part in this event.<\/p>\n

In 1937 Cleveland Jewry celebrated the 100th an\u00adniversary of its existence in the community, with a Hebrew Garden festivity tree planting program. Descendants of Simson Thorman, Cleveland\u2018s first Jewish settler, participated.<\/p>\n

Set in a semi-circular niche just beyond the foun\u00adtain and opposite the entrance to the Hebrew Gar\u00adden is a bronze memorial plaque dedicated to the memory of Max E. Meisel by his B’nai B’rith asso\u00adciates.<\/p>\n

Reliefs and plaques in the Hebrew Garden are the work of Cleveland artists, of renown. The Mu\u00adsicians\u2019 and Gratz plaques are by Miriam E. Cramer, the Spinoza portrait by Max Kalish, the Szold plaque by Esther Samolar, the Emma Lazarus head by Wal\u00adter Sinz. The three remaining philosophers\u2019 plaques are the work of Alexander Blazys.<\/p>\n

Active in the establishment of the Hebrew Gar\u00adden were Leo Weidenthal and Mrs. Jennie K. Zwick. Mr. Weidenthal, editor of the Jewish Inde\u00adpendent, in 1936 received the Eisenman award of $1,000 for distinguished citizenship. Immediately upon the citation, Mr. Weidenthal turned over the $1,000 as a contribution toward the completion of the Hebrew Garden.<\/p>\n

\"View
View of the Hebrew Garden from the Main Entrance<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It was on March 5, 1927, that the Gan Ivri Wom\u00aden\u2019s League was organized at the home of Mrs. Jennie K. Zwick, for the purpose of developing the Hebrew Cultural Garden. At this meeting, plans were made for the planting of Cedars of Lebanon in the garden by Dr. Chaim Weizmann, then president of the World Zionist Organization, who was soon to visit Cleveland. Officers elected at this meeting were Mrs. Zwick, president; Mrs. Henry Frankel, treasurer; Mrs. 0. Fink and Mrs. 0. K. Greenberg, financial secretaries; Mrs. L. Dembo, recording sec\u00adretary; Mrs. L. W. Phillips, publicity secretary.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

On March 9, a committee representing the or\u00adganization, called upon City Manager William R. Hopkins and presented plans for the embellishment and development of the garden. The committee con\u00adsisted of Mrs. Zwick, Mrs. B. R. Brickner, Mrs. Hen\u00adry Frankel, Mrs. L. W. Klusner, Mrs. D. Gara, Mrs. 0. K. Greenberg, and Mrs. L. W. Phillips. The meeting was attended by Sculptor Max Kalish and Leo Weidenthal. <\/p>\n

\"Bialik\"
Bialik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

On Monday, April 11, Councilman Abner H. Goldman introduced an ordinance establishing the Cultural Garden and defining its units. The site chosen was diagonally across from the Shakespeare Garden, on the upper East Boulevard.<\/p>\n

On Monday, April 11, Councilman Abner H. Goldman introduced an ordinance establishing the Cultural Garden and defining its units. The site chosen was diagonally across from the Shakespeare Garden, on the upper East Boulevard.<\/p>\n

Among other pioneers in the Hebrew Garden cause were Edward J. Schweid, the late A. H. Friedland, the late Max E. Meisel, and the late Judge Lewis Drucker.<\/p>\n

Present officers in the Hebrew Garden Associa\u00adtion are Leo Weidenthal, president; Edward J. Schweid, vice-president; and Mrs. L. W. Phillips, secretary-treasurer.<\/p>\n

The Hebrew Garden in its setting of tall old trees gleams \u201cas a garden of abundance\u201d reflecting teach\u00adings that have guided the way of myriads through the passing ages. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-62","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":48,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/62","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/62\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":372,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/62\/revisions\/372"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/48"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/62\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=62"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=62"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}