{"id":64,"date":"2022-03-17T18:01:58","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T18:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/?post_type=chapter&p=64"},"modified":"2023-04-28T20:08:06","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T20:08:06","slug":"hungarian-cultural-garden","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/chapter\/hungarian-cultural-garden\/","title":{"rendered":"Hungarian Cultural Garden"},"content":{"raw":"\"\"\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Hungarian Cultural Garden <\/span>is <\/span>constructed <\/span>on <\/span>two <\/span>levels <\/span>along <\/span>the <\/span>upper <\/span>boulevard, <\/span>and <\/span>over\u00ad<\/span>looks <\/span>lower <\/span>East Boulevard. <\/span>Designed <\/span>by <\/span>a well-<\/span>known <\/span>architect <\/span>of <\/span>Budapest, <\/span>Hungary, <\/span>it <\/span>is <\/span>a\u00a0<\/span>distinguished<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>garden from the standpoint <\/span>of <\/span>compact, <\/span>opulent, and formal <\/span>landscape style. <\/span>The <\/span>entrance <\/span>is through <\/span>a delicately <\/span>patterned wrought-iron gate\u00ad<\/span>way, <\/span>the <\/span>gift <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Verhovay <\/span>Insurance <\/span>Association. <\/span>It <\/span>is <\/span>like the traditional <\/span>type <\/span>of <\/span>archway <\/span>leading <\/span>to <\/span>country estates <\/span>in <\/span>Hungary and <\/span>is <\/span>decorated with <\/span>two <\/span>small delightful peasant figures <\/span>in <\/span>bronze. <\/span>In <\/span>the <\/span>principal plot <\/span>on <\/span>the <\/span>upper <\/span>level, a <\/span>rectangular <\/span>reflecting pool and fountain are <\/span>set <\/span>in <\/span>a pattern <\/span>of <\/span>low <\/span>walls <\/span>and geometric <\/span>walks <\/span>of <\/span>brick, stone, and <\/span>marble, and <\/span>rich <\/span>plantings <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>growths <\/span>best <\/span>known in Hungary-hawthorn, <\/span>yew, <\/span>cotoneasters, <\/span>and <\/span>azaleas. <\/span>Two <\/span>linden <\/span>trees, <\/span>formal flower <\/span>beds, <\/span>and <\/span>brick, <\/span>stone, and marble walls and <\/span>walks <\/span>are <\/span>the features <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>lower <\/span>garden. <\/span>Two wing <\/span>sec\u00ad<\/span>tions, <\/span>formal arrangements <\/span>of <\/span>lawn, <\/span>brick <\/span>paths, <\/span>and <\/span>sculptured stone <\/span>benches, <\/span>adjoin the larger <\/span>up\u00ad<\/span>per <\/span>garden. <\/span>In <\/span>the <\/span>section <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>left <\/span>of <\/span>the entrance <\/span>is <\/span>a bas-relief <\/span>of <\/span>Franz <\/span>Liszt. <\/span>\r\n\r\nFor <\/span>the <\/span>promotion <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarian Cultural <\/span>Garden <\/span>project, a <\/span>Cultural Garden <\/span>Committee <\/span>of <\/span>the United Hungarian <\/span>Societies <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>had <\/span>been <\/span>formed <\/span>with <\/span>Louis <\/span>Petrash as <\/span>president <\/span>and Nicholas F. Molnar as secretary. On September 24, 1934, the commission gave public notice of its initial venture in a statement opening as follows:\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u201cThe <\/span>establishment <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>Cultural <\/span>Garden is <\/span>actively <\/span>under <\/span>way. <\/span>A <\/span>meeting will be <\/span>held, Thursday <\/span>evening, <\/span>Oct.<\/span>4,<\/span>1934, <\/span>at <\/span>8 <\/span>o\u2019clock <\/span>at the Hollenden <\/span>Hotel <\/span>Lounge, <\/span>for the purpose <\/span>of <\/span>completing <\/span>and enlarging the <\/span>sponsor committee, <\/span>together <\/span>with making <\/span>proper arrangements <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>celebration <\/span>of <\/span>Liszt <\/span>Week, <\/span>commencing <\/span>October <\/span>15, <\/span>1934, <\/span>with the <\/span>dedication <\/span>exercises <\/span>to <\/span>be held, <\/span>Sunday, <\/span>October <\/span>21, <\/span>1934.\u201d <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>United <\/span>Societies <\/span>then <\/span>named a <\/span>permanent <\/span>commission <\/span>consisting <\/span>of <\/span>Municipal <\/span>Judge <\/span>Louis <\/span>Pe\u00ad<\/span>trash, chairman; Nicholas F. Molnar, <\/span>secretary; <\/span>At\u00ad<\/span>torney Stephen Kormendy, <\/span>treasurer; <\/span>Stephen <\/span>Gobozy, <\/span>George <\/span>M. <\/span>Kovachy, <\/span>Albert Tudja <\/span>and <\/span>Emery <\/span>Hoffer. <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>site <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>Garden <\/span>was dedicated <\/span>on October <\/span>21, <\/span>1934, <\/span>upon <\/span>the <\/span>occasion <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>123rd <\/span>anniversary <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>birth <\/span>of <\/span>Franz Liszt, <\/span>with the <\/span>un\u00ad<\/span>veiling <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>bas-relief <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>composer.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn <\/span>honoring <\/span>Liszt, <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>Cultural Gar\u00ad<\/span>den leaders <\/span>chose, <\/span>at <\/span>the outset, an Hungarian, <\/span>whose <\/span>name was destined <\/span>to <\/span>tower <\/span>high <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>his\u00ad<\/span>tory <\/span>of <\/span>music, as <\/span>composer <\/span>and as <\/span>pianist. <\/span>Son <\/span>of Adam Liszt appeared in public at the age nine with great success. His first appearance<\/span> in concert Vienna, was on December 1, 1822. Liszt<\/span> appeared in London in his early youth and later became an outstanding figure in the great art and cultural center of Weimar. in 1859, he transferred upon a concert<\/span> platform was on July 9, 1886, at a convert of the Musical Society of Luxembourg<\/span>. His death occurred\u00a0on July 31 of that year.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Liszt\u00a0 plaque in <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>Cultural Gar\u00ad<\/span>den <\/span>is <\/span>the <\/span>work <\/span>of <\/span>John Tenkacs, <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>sculptor. <\/span>Speakers <\/span>at the <\/span>dedication included.:<\/span>Dr. Louis Alexy, <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>Consul; <\/span>Joseph Remenyi, <\/span>Mayor <\/span>Harry <\/span>L. <\/span>Davis; <\/span>former <\/span>City <\/span>Manager <\/span>William. <\/span>R. <\/span>Hop\u00ad<\/span>kins <\/span>and Charles J. <\/span>Wolfram, <\/span>president <\/span>of <\/span>the Cultural <\/span>Garden <\/span>League.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_195\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"310\"]\"Madach\" Madach[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe program was opened by Louis Petrash, chairman of <\/span>the Cultural Garden <\/span>Committee. <\/span>Nicholas <\/span>F. <\/span>Molnar, <\/span>secretary <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>committee <\/span>and <\/span>secretary <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>City <\/span>Plan <\/span>Commission <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland, was <\/span>master <\/span>of <\/span>ceremonies. <\/span>Assistant Police Prosecutor <\/span>Stephen <\/span>Gobozy, <\/span>president <\/span>of <\/span>the United Hungarian\u00a0<\/span>Societies<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>delivered <\/span>the <\/span>welcoming <\/span>address.<\/span>\r\n\r\nAn <\/span>ode <\/span>to <\/span>Liszt <\/span>by <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Ladislaus <\/span>Polya <\/span>was <\/span>re\u00ad<\/span>cited <\/span>by <\/span>the author and <\/span>a Liszt <\/span>Rhapsody was played <\/span>by <\/span>the string <\/span>ensemble <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Liszt <\/span>Conservatory <\/span>of <\/span>Music. <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>United Hungarian <\/span>Societies <\/span>in <\/span>1936 <\/span>launched <\/span>a campaign <\/span>to <\/span>raise <\/span>funds for <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarian Cultur\u00ad<\/span>al Garden. <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>finance <\/span>committee, <\/span>headed <\/span>by <\/span>Municipal <\/span>Judge <\/span>Julius <\/span>M. <\/span>Kovachy, <\/span>included <\/span>Parks Director <\/span>Hugo <\/span>E. <\/span>Varga, <\/span>Dr. <\/span>William Riegelhaupt, John <\/span>Schreier, <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Stephen Ciprus, <\/span>John Jakab, Peter <\/span>Gerzsenyi, <\/span>the <\/span>Rev. Emery <\/span>Tanos, <\/span>the <\/span>Rev. <\/span>Stephen <\/span>Porantunszky, Mrs. <\/span>John <\/span>Volosin, <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>Albert Kir\u00ad<\/span>aly, Louis <\/span>Toth, <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>Amelia Doby, <\/span>John <\/span>B. <\/span>Toth, <\/span>Frank <\/span>E. <\/span>Boldizsar, <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>Esther Kay, <\/span>Ignatz <\/span>Fanch\u00ad<\/span>aly, <\/span>Dr. <\/span>John <\/span>Kovacs, <\/span>Stephen <\/span>Kovacs, <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Nicholas <\/span>Steiner, <\/span>Erno <\/span>Fedak, <\/span>Emery <\/span>Olexo, Elmer <\/span>Kallay, <\/span>Mrs. Carl <\/span>Hercreg. <\/span>\r\n\r\nIn <\/span>1937 <\/span>an <\/span>aggressive campaign was launched <\/span>among <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Hungarians <\/span>for <\/span>the raising <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>$4,000 <\/span>requisite <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>completion <\/span>of <\/span>their garden. <\/span>This <\/span>was <\/span>accomplished <\/span>by <\/span>church appeals, personal <\/span>contributions, and benefit <\/span>concerts <\/span>of <\/span>high artistic <\/span>quality. <\/span>The <\/span>Hungarian Cultural Garden <\/span>Associa\u00ad<\/span>tion <\/span>at <\/span>that <\/span>time <\/span>was <\/span>made up <\/span>of <\/span>Municipal <\/span>Judge <\/span>Julius <\/span>Kovachy, <\/span>president; <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Stephen Ciprus, <\/span>vice <\/span>president; <\/span>Dr. <\/span>John <\/span>Majoros, secretary; and <\/span>John <\/span>Kish, treasurer. <\/span>Members <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>executive commit\u00ad<\/span>tee were <\/span>Judge <\/span>Louis <\/span>Petrash, <\/span>Louis <\/span>Toth, <\/span>John <\/span>Ja\u00ad<\/span>kab, <\/span>Ignatz <\/span>Fanchaly, <\/span>Paul Nagy, <\/span>Stephen <\/span>Gobozy, <\/span>and <\/span>Stephen Kormendy.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Hungarian Garden <\/span>was <\/span>officially and <\/span>for\u00ad<\/span>mally dedicated <\/span>on <\/span>July <\/span>10, <\/span>1938. A <\/span>colorful <\/span>pa\u00ad<\/span>rade <\/span>of <\/span>some <\/span>5,000 <\/span>members <\/span>of <\/span>Hungarian organi\u00ad<\/span>zations, <\/span>many <\/span>of <\/span>them <\/span>in <\/span>native <\/span>costumes, <\/span>marched <\/span>along <\/span>lower <\/span>East <\/span>Boulevard <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>speakers' <\/span>stand <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>lower end <\/span>of <\/span>the Hungarian Garden, <\/span>where <\/span>a crowd <\/span>of <\/span>20,000 <\/span>persons <\/span>awaited <\/span>them. <\/span>The <\/span>com\u00ad<\/span>bined <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>Singing <\/span>Societies, <\/span>a chorus <\/span>of <\/span>300 <\/span>mixed <\/span>voices, <\/span>directed <\/span>by <\/span>Carl Tomasi, sang <\/span>several <\/span>selections <\/span>from their <\/span>position <\/span>on <\/span>a tree-shrouded <\/span>hill\u00ad<\/span>side overlooking the garden. Nicholas <\/span>Roosevelt, <\/span>former minister <\/span>to <\/span>Hungary, <\/span>was <\/span>the principal <\/span>speak\u00ad<\/span>er. <\/span>He <\/span>appealed <\/span>to <\/span>Americans to preserve <\/span>the <\/span>intel\u00ad<\/span>lectual <\/span>and spiritual freedom <\/span>which <\/span>is <\/span>assured <\/span>by <\/span>democratic and <\/span>parliamentary <\/span>government. <\/span>Council\u00ad<\/span>man <\/span>Stephen <\/span>Gobozy, <\/span>president <\/span>of <\/span>the United Hun\u00ad<\/span>garian <\/span>Societies, <\/span>introduced <\/span>the <\/span>speakers. <\/span>Municipal <\/span>Judge Julius M. <\/span>Kovachy, <\/span>president <\/span>of <\/span>the Hungari\u00ad<\/span>an <\/span>Cultural <\/span>Garden-Association<\/span>. officially presented <\/span>the <\/span>garden <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>city. <\/span>Mayor <\/span>Harold <\/span>H. <\/span>Burton, <\/span>in <\/span>accepting <\/span>the <\/span>gift, <\/span>expressed <\/span>the <\/span>thanks <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>people of the city, and praised the vital cultural interests of Cleveland Hungarians. United States Senator Robert J. Bulkley cited the role of the Works Progress Administration in Cultural Gardens history as one which could not be measured in merely monetary terms. Dr. Louis Alexy, Hungarian Consul General for the middle west, conveyed the thanks of the Hungarian government to the federal, state, and municipal agencies which aided in the construction of the garden. Other speakers included Joseph Fo\u00adder, prominent in Cleveland Hungarian affairs; Jo\u00adseph Darago, Pittsburgh supreme president of the Verhovay Aid Society; William B. Pecsok, spokes\u00adman for Governor Martin L. Davey; Hugo E. Var\u00adga, city park director; Congressman Robert Crosser; Emery Kiraly, supreme treasurer of the Reform Fed\u00aderation of America; Municipal Judge Louis Petrash, first president of the Hungarian Garden; Charles J. Wolfram, then president of the Cultural Garden League; and Stephen Ciprus, vice-president of the Hungarian Cultural Garden Association.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nOn <\/span>September <\/span>7, <\/span>1941, a 40-<\/span>foot <\/span>steel <\/span>flagpole and <\/span>an <\/span>American <\/span>flag <\/span>were <\/span>dedicated <\/span>in <\/span>an impressive <\/span>ceremony <\/span>in <\/span>the Hungarian Garden. <\/span>The <\/span>pole and <\/span>its <\/span>ornate <\/span>base <\/span>were <\/span>the <\/span>gift <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Magyar Club <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland. <\/span>The <\/span>program opened with <\/span>selections <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>Buckeye <\/span>Road <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>Baptist <\/span>Church <\/span>Band. <\/span>Judge <\/span>Julius <\/span>M. <\/span>Kovachy, <\/span>president <\/span>of <\/span>the Hungari\u00ad<\/span>an <\/span>Cultural <\/span>Garden <\/span>Association, presided.<\/span>\r\n\r\nOn <\/span>July <\/span>23, <\/span>1950, <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>conclusion <\/span>of <\/span>the annual <\/span>One <\/span>World <\/span>Day <\/span>celebration, <\/span>marking the <\/span>25th <\/span>anni\u00ad<\/span>versary <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>founding <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Cultural Gardens, <\/span>a <\/span>bronze <\/span>statue <\/span>of <\/span>Imre Madach, philosophical dra\u00ad<\/span>matist and author <\/span>of <\/span>\u201cThe <\/span>Tragedy <\/span>of <\/span>Man\u201d <\/span>was de\u00ad<\/span>dicated <\/span>in <\/span>the Hungarian Garden. <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Joseph <\/span>Rem\u00ad<\/span>enyi delivered <\/span>the principal <\/span>address on <\/span>the <\/span>works <\/span>of <\/span>Madach. <\/span>The <\/span>bust <\/span>was <\/span>the <\/span>work <\/span>of <\/span>Sculptor Al\u00ad<\/span>exander Finta, and the <\/span>dedication was jointly spon\u00ad<\/span>sored <\/span>by <\/span>the Hungarian Cultural Garden <\/span>Association <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>United Hungarian <\/span>Societies <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland.<\/span>\r\n\r\nDedication <\/span>of <\/span>a memorial <\/span>to <\/span>another outstanding <\/span>figure <\/span>in <\/span>world culture <\/span>and <\/span>in <\/span>Hungary\u2019s great liter\u00ad<\/span>ary <\/span>history took place on May <\/span>23, <\/span>1954, <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>presentation <\/span>to the <\/span>Hungarian Cultural Garden, <\/span>of <\/span>a bronze <\/span>bust <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>poet, Endre <\/span>Ady <\/span>(1877-1919). <\/span>Ady, <\/span>who has <\/span>been <\/span>referred <\/span>to <\/span>as <\/span>a 20th century <\/span>counterpart <\/span>of <\/span>Petofi <\/span>was <\/span>extolled <\/span>by <\/span>speakers <\/span>at <\/span>a program <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>section <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarian Garden <\/span>designed <\/span>for <\/span>busts <\/span>of <\/span>noted <\/span>writers and other <\/span>lead\u00ad<\/span>ers <\/span>in <\/span>Hungary\u2019s cultural life. <\/span>\r\n\r\nMaster <\/span>of <\/span>ceremonies <\/span>at the <\/span>unveiling <\/span>program <\/span>was <\/span>Judge Julius <\/span>M. Kovachy. <\/span>The <\/span>National <\/span>An\u00ad<\/span>them <\/span>was <\/span>sung <\/span>by <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>Louis <\/span>Bodnar. <\/span>Rev. <\/span>Gabor <\/span>Brachna <\/span>delivered the <\/span>invocation. <\/span>The <\/span>dedication <\/span>address <\/span>was <\/span>delivered <\/span>by <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Frank Ujlaki and <\/span>the <\/span>unveiling <\/span>address <\/span>by <\/span>Judge <\/span>Kovachy, <\/span>president <\/span>of <\/span>the Hungarian Cultural Garden <\/span>Association. <\/span>A <\/span>greeting <\/span>by <\/span>Mayor Anthony <\/span>J. <\/span>Celebrezze <\/span>followed and there were songs by St. Stephen\u2019s Choir. The program also included songs by the Reformed Church Choir. Greetings from the United Hungarian Societies were extended by Andrew Dono. Leo Weidenthal, president of the Cultural Garden Federation<\/span> also addressed the gathering and Judge Louis Petrash, vice president of the Federation ex\u00adtended the community\u2019s greetings. A wreath was placed on the memorial by Frank Magyary in the name of the Rakoczi Society. Kalman Revesz, sec\u00adretary of Verhovay also placed a wreath on the bust.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_196\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"321\"]\"Ady\" Ady[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAt <\/span>the <\/span>present <\/span>writing, Appellate Judge Julius M. <\/span>Kovachy <\/span>is president <\/span>of <\/span>the Hungarian Cultural Gar\u00ad<\/span>den Association, Mrs. <\/span>Margaret <\/span>Szabo <\/span>and <\/span>Miss <\/span>Lily <\/span>Volosin <\/span>are <\/span>vice-presidents, Stephen <\/span>Gobozy <\/span>is <\/span>secretary, <\/span>Joseph <\/span>Szalay, <\/span>is treasurer, and <\/span>Municipal <\/span>Judge <\/span>Louis <\/span>Petrash, Mr. and <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>Kalman <\/span>Kolzs\u00ad<\/span>vary, <\/span>Carl <\/span>Helwig, Andrew <\/span>Dono, <\/span>Mrs. Joseph Dunasky, Mathias Gallo, Mrs. Andrew Balazik Steven Kovach, Charles Kautzky, John Marton, and Ferenz Simon, are directors. executive officers and delegates to the Cultural Garden Federation are Judges Louis Petrash and Julius M. Kovachy, Miss Lily Volosin, and Stephen Gobozy.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_197\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"313\"]\"Judge Judge Louis Petrash, Miss Lily Volosin, Judge Julius Kovachy, Miss Clara Lederer[\/caption]\r\n\r\n <\/span>Officers <\/span>of former <\/span>years <\/span>have <\/span>included, <\/span>in <\/span>addi\u00ad<\/span>tion <\/span>to <\/span>Judge <\/span>Kovachy <\/span>as <\/span>president, <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Stephen <\/span>Ciprus, <\/span>vice-president, <\/span>Dr. <\/span>John Majoros, <\/span>secretary, <\/span>and <\/span>John <\/span>Kish, <\/span>treasurer. <\/span>Former <\/span>directors have <\/span>been, in addition <\/span>to Judge <\/span>Kovachy, <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Stephen Ciprus, <\/span>John<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>J. <\/span>Kish, <\/span>Judge <\/span>Louis <\/span>Petrash, <\/span>Dr. <\/span>John <\/span>Majoros, <\/span>Joseph <\/span>Fodor, <\/span>Stephen <\/span>Gobozy, Louis <\/span>Toth, <\/span>John <\/span>Jakab, <\/span>Paul <\/span>Nagy, <\/span>Stephen Kormendy, <\/span>and <\/span>Ignatz <\/span>Fanchaly.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nA <\/span>charming <\/span>feature of Hungarian Garden <\/span>his\u00ad<\/span>tory <\/span>has <\/span>been <\/span>its annual Visitation <\/span>Day <\/span>celebration, <\/span>marked <\/span>by <\/span>gypsy <\/span>music, <\/span>flag <\/span>raising <\/span>ceremonies, <\/span>speeches b<\/span>y <\/span>prominent <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>Hungarians, and <\/span>the serving <\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>Hungarian<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>pastries <\/span>and coffee with <\/span>whipped <\/span>cream <\/span>to <\/span>guests <\/span>by <\/span>members <\/span>of <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>women's <\/span>organizations <\/span>in <\/span>native <\/span>costume.<\/span>\r\n\r\nDr. <\/span>Joseph <\/span>Remenyi, <\/span>professor <\/span>of <\/span>Comparative <\/span>Literature <\/span>at <\/span>Western <\/span>Reserve University, <\/span>distinguished<\/span>\u00a0both <\/span>as <\/span>critic of <\/span>international <\/span>reputation and <\/span>creative <\/span>writer <\/span>in his <\/span>native <\/span>Hungary, <\/span>and <\/span>for <\/span>many <\/span>years <\/span>a dynamic <\/span>cultural asset <\/span>the <\/span>Cleveland <\/span>scene, <\/span>sums <\/span>up <\/span>for <\/span>up <\/span>the <\/span>implied <\/span>ethnic and individual <\/span>significance <\/span>of the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Hungarian Cultural <\/span>Garden. <\/span>He <\/span>points <\/span>out <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarians, <\/span>a Finno-Ugric, people with a thousand year old history on the European continent, speak a language which tends to isolate them from a complete understanding of their position in the progress of European civilization.\u00a0 \"Hungary, for centuries the defender of Christendom against Ottoman invaders,\" Dr. Remenyi says, \"was also, the defender of her culture which developed parallel with that of the West. Scholasticism, the Renaissance, the Reformation, and Counter-Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, have, their corresponding periods in Hungarian history. Throughout the centuries poli\u00adtical, cultural and religious leaders endeavored to co-ordinate western orientation with national loyal\u00adties.\" Dr. Remenyi cites the music of Bela Bartok, modern Hungarian composer, as a vital symbol of the Hungarian cultural spirit, insofar as it portrays \"an interplay between<\/span> the emotional and ethical forces of national traditions and those of individual\u00adism, as understood in Western Europe.\" Dr. Remenyi comments on the design of the Hungarian Cultural Garden by stating that it is in accordance with traditional<\/span> aesthetic expressions and that Cleveland Hungarians have not lost sight of their rural or artisan past. \"The garden also displays the personal quali\u00adties of Hungarian culture,\" Dr. Remenyi says, \"re\u00adflected in the<\/span> tangible symbols of\u00a0the plaque of Franz Liszt, whose compositions were influenced\u00a0by folk tunes, and the bust of Imre Madach, the philosophical dramatist.\"<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_198\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"316\"]\"Liszt Liszt Plaque- Day of Dedication[\/caption]\r\n\r\nFuture plans <\/span>for the <\/span>adornment <\/span>of <\/span>the Hungarian <\/span>Garden <\/span>with <\/span>busts <\/span>honoring <\/span>famous <\/span>Hungarians <\/span>who <\/span>have <\/span>contributed <\/span>to <\/span>both national <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>and to <\/span>universal <\/span>culture, include <\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>commemoration<\/span>of <\/span>Sandor <\/span>Petofi, <\/span>greatest <\/span>Hungarian <\/span>lyrist, <\/span>epic genius, and master of the Hungarian language; Jan\u00ados Arany, and memorials in honor of Mor Jokai, popular, romantic novelist; Farkas Bolyai, mathe\u00admatician; Ignac Semmelweis, medical genius; Mi\u00adhaly Munkacsy, world-renowned landscape and portrait artist, painter of historical subjects, includ\u00ading the famous \u201cMilton Dictating Paradise Lost to his Daughters;\u201d and Bela Bartok, composer of opera\u00adtic, choral, symphonic, vocal, violin and piano works, in whose last string quartets there has been discovered a close spiritual kinship with those of Beethoven.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_199\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"371\"]\"Mid Mid Portion of the Hungarian Cultural Garden[\/caption]\r\n\r\nNo <\/span>more <\/span>fitting <\/span>conclusion <\/span>than <\/span>these remarks <\/span>of <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Remenyi <\/span>could <\/span>be <\/span>chosen <\/span>for <\/span>this chapter <\/span>on <\/span>the <\/span>Hungarian Garden. <\/span>\u201cThe <\/span>Hungarian Garden <\/span>design <\/span>should not <\/span>be <\/span>viewed <\/span>as <\/span>a superimposed <\/span>ornamental <\/span>improvement <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>past, <\/span>but a logical <\/span>and harmoni\u00ad<\/span>ous <\/span>expression <\/span>of <\/span>a nation\u2019s collective <\/span>and individual <\/span>spirit, side <\/span>by <\/span>side with <\/span>similar expression <\/span>of <\/span>other <\/span>nations. <\/span>Here is an <\/span>example <\/span>of <\/span>how true <\/span>values <\/span>are <\/span>preserved <\/span>in <\/span>an <\/span>American <\/span>city. <\/span>It <\/span>proves <\/span>that <\/span>Ameri\u00ad<\/span>ca <\/span>does <\/span>not <\/span>consider <\/span>the divergent cultural <\/span>horizons <\/span>of <\/span>other nations <\/span>incompatible <\/span>with the <\/span>basic <\/span>ideology <\/span>of <\/span>democracy; <\/span>on <\/span>the <\/span>contrary, <\/span>their <\/span>values <\/span>are <\/span>rec\u00ad<\/span>ognized <\/span>in accordance <\/span>with the Jeffersonian <\/span>view of <\/span>man\u2019s <\/span>place <\/span>and dignity <\/span>in <\/span>our <\/span>society.\u201d <\/span>\r\n\r\n ","rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The Hungarian Cultural Garden is constructed on two levels along the upper boulevard, and over\u00adlooks lower East Boulevard. Designed by a well-known architect of Budapest, Hungary, it is a\u00a0distinguished\u00a0garden from the standpoint of compact, opulent, and formal landscape style. The entrance is through a delicately patterned wrought-iron gate\u00adway, the gift of the Verhovay Insurance Association. It is like the traditional type of archway leading to country estates in Hungary and is decorated with two small delightful peasant figures in bronze. In the principal plot on the upper level, a rectangular reflecting pool and fountain are set in a pattern of low walls and geometric walks of brick, stone, and marble, and rich plantings of the growths best known in Hungary-hawthorn, yew, cotoneasters, and azaleas. Two linden trees, formal flower beds, and brick, stone, and marble walls and walks are the features of the lower garden. Two wing sec\u00adtions, formal arrangements of lawn, brick paths, and sculptured stone benches, adjoin the larger up\u00adper garden. In the section to the left of the entrance is a bas-relief of Franz Liszt. <\/p>\n

For the promotion of the Hungarian Cultural Garden project, a Cultural Garden Committee of the United Hungarian Societies of Cleveland had been formed with Louis Petrash as president and Nicholas F. Molnar as secretary. On September 24, 1934, the commission gave public notice of its initial venture in a statement opening as follows:\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThe establishment of the Hungarian Cultural Garden is actively under way. A meeting will be held, Thursday evening, Oct.4,1934, at 8 o\u2019clock at the Hollenden Hotel Lounge, for the purpose of completing and enlarging the sponsor committee, together with making proper arrangements for the celebration of Liszt Week, commencing October 15, 1934, with the dedication exercises to be held, Sunday, October 21, 1934.\u201d <\/p>\n

The United Societies then named a permanent commission consisting of Municipal Judge Louis Pe\u00adtrash, chairman; Nicholas F. Molnar, secretary; At\u00adtorney Stephen Kormendy, treasurer; Stephen Gobozy, George M. Kovachy, Albert Tudja and Emery Hoffer. <\/p>\n

The site of the Hungarian Garden was dedicated on October 21, 1934, upon the occasion of the 123rd anniversary of the birth of Franz Liszt, with the un\u00adveiling of the bas-relief of the Hungarian composer.<\/p>\n

In honoring Liszt, the Hungarian Cultural Gar\u00adden leaders chose, at the outset, an Hungarian, whose name was destined to tower high in the his\u00adtory of music, as composer and as pianist. Son of Adam Liszt appeared in public at the age nine with great success. His first appearance in concert Vienna, was on December 1, 1822. Liszt<\/span> appeared in London in his early youth and later became an outstanding figure in the great art and cultural center of Weimar. in 1859, he transferred upon a concert platform was on July 9, 1886, at a convert of the Musical Society of Luxembourg. His death occurred\u00a0on July 31 of that year.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The Liszt\u00a0 plaque in the Hungarian Cultural Gar\u00adden is the work of John Tenkacs, Cleveland sculptor. Speakers at the dedication included.:Dr. Louis Alexy, Hungarian Consul; Joseph Remenyi, Mayor Harry L. Davis; former City Manager William. R. Hop\u00adkins and Charles J. Wolfram, president of the Cultural Garden League.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Madach\"
Madach<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The program was opened by Louis Petrash, chairman of the Cultural Garden Committee. Nicholas F. Molnar, secretary of the committee and secretary of the City Plan Commission of Cleveland, was master of ceremonies. Assistant Police Prosecutor Stephen Gobozy, president of the United Hungarian\u00a0Societies<\/span>\u00a0delivered the welcoming address.<\/p>\n

An ode to Liszt by Dr. Ladislaus Polya was re\u00adcited by the author and a Liszt Rhapsody was played by the string ensemble of the Liszt Conservatory of Music. <\/p>\n

The United Hungarian Societies in 1936 launched a campaign to raise funds for the Hungarian Cultur\u00adal Garden. <\/p>\n

The finance committee, headed by Municipal Judge Julius M. Kovachy, included Parks Director Hugo E. Varga, Dr. William Riegelhaupt, John Schreier, Dr. Stephen Ciprus, John Jakab, Peter Gerzsenyi, the Rev. Emery Tanos, the Rev. Stephen Porantunszky, Mrs. John Volosin, Mrs. Albert Kir\u00adaly, Louis Toth, Mrs. Amelia Doby, John B. Toth, Frank E. Boldizsar, Mrs. Esther Kay, Ignatz Fanch\u00adaly, Dr. John Kovacs, Stephen Kovacs, Dr. Nicholas Steiner, Erno Fedak, Emery Olexo, Elmer Kallay, Mrs. Carl Hercreg. <\/p>\n

In 1937 an aggressive campaign was launched among Cleveland Hungarians for the raising of the $4,000 requisite for the completion of their garden. This was accomplished by church appeals, personal contributions, and benefit concerts of high artistic quality. The Hungarian Cultural Garden Associa\u00adtion at that time was made up of Municipal Judge Julius Kovachy, president; Dr. Stephen Ciprus, vice president; Dr. John Majoros, secretary; and John Kish, treasurer. Members of the executive commit\u00adtee were Judge Louis Petrash, Louis Toth, John Ja\u00adkab, Ignatz Fanchaly, Paul Nagy, Stephen Gobozy, and Stephen Kormendy.<\/p>\n

The Hungarian Garden was officially and for\u00admally dedicated on July 10, 1938. A colorful pa\u00adrade of some 5,000 members of Hungarian organi\u00adzations, many of them in native costumes, marched along lower East Boulevard to the speakers’ stand at the lower end of the Hungarian Garden, where a crowd of 20,000 persons awaited them. The com\u00adbined Hungarian Singing Societies, a chorus of 300 mixed voices, directed by Carl Tomasi, sang several selections from their position on a tree-shrouded hill\u00adside overlooking the garden. Nicholas Roosevelt, former minister to Hungary, was the principal speak\u00ader. He appealed to Americans to preserve the intel\u00adlectual and spiritual freedom which is assured by democratic and parliamentary government. Council\u00adman Stephen Gobozy, president of the United Hun\u00adgarian Societies, introduced the speakers. Municipal Judge Julius M. Kovachy, president of the Hungari\u00adan Cultural Garden-Association. officially presented the garden to the city. Mayor Harold H. Burton, in accepting the gift, expressed the thanks of the people of the city, and praised the vital cultural interests of Cleveland Hungarians. United States Senator Robert J. Bulkley cited the role of the Works Progress Administration in Cultural Gardens history as one which could not be measured in merely monetary terms. Dr. Louis Alexy, Hungarian Consul General for the middle west, conveyed the thanks of the Hungarian government to the federal, state, and municipal agencies which aided in the construction of the garden. Other speakers included Joseph Fo\u00adder, prominent in Cleveland Hungarian affairs; Jo\u00adseph Darago, Pittsburgh supreme president of the Verhovay Aid Society; William B. Pecsok, spokes\u00adman for Governor Martin L. Davey; Hugo E. Var\u00adga, city park director; Congressman Robert Crosser; Emery Kiraly, supreme treasurer of the Reform Fed\u00aderation of America; Municipal Judge Louis Petrash, first president of the Hungarian Garden; Charles J. Wolfram, then president of the Cultural Garden League; and Stephen Ciprus, vice-president of the Hungarian Cultural Garden Association.\u00a0<\/p>\n

On September 7, 1941, a 40-foot steel flagpole and an American flag were dedicated in an impressive ceremony in the Hungarian Garden. The pole and its ornate base were the gift of the Magyar Club of Cleveland. The program opened with selections by the Buckeye Road Hungarian Baptist Church Band. Judge Julius M. Kovachy, president of the Hungari\u00adan Cultural Garden Association, presided.<\/p>\n

On July 23, 1950, at the conclusion of the annual One World Day celebration, marking the 25th anni\u00adversary of the founding of the Cultural Gardens, a bronze statue of Imre Madach, philosophical dra\u00admatist and author of \u201cThe Tragedy of Man\u201d was de\u00addicated in the Hungarian Garden. Dr. Joseph Rem\u00adenyi delivered the principal address on the works of Madach. The bust was the work of Sculptor Al\u00adexander Finta, and the dedication was jointly spon\u00adsored by the Hungarian Cultural Garden Association and the United Hungarian Societies of Cleveland.<\/p>\n

Dedication of a memorial to another outstanding figure in world culture and in Hungary\u2019s great liter\u00adary history took place on May 23, 1954, with the presentation to the Hungarian Cultural Garden, of a bronze bust of the poet, Endre Ady (1877-1919). Ady, who has been referred to as a 20th century counterpart of Petofi was extolled by speakers at a program in the section of the Hungarian Garden designed for busts of noted writers and other lead\u00aders in Hungary\u2019s cultural life. <\/p>\n

Master of ceremonies at the unveiling program was Judge Julius M. Kovachy. The National An\u00adthem was sung by Mrs. Louis Bodnar. Rev. Gabor Brachna delivered the invocation. The dedication address was delivered by Dr. Frank Ujlaki and the unveiling address by Judge Kovachy, president of the Hungarian Cultural Garden Association. A greeting by Mayor Anthony J. Celebrezze followed and there were songs by St. Stephen\u2019s Choir. The program also included songs by the Reformed Church Choir. Greetings from the United Hungarian Societies were extended by Andrew Dono. Leo Weidenthal, president of the Cultural Garden Federation also addressed the gathering and Judge Louis Petrash, vice president of the Federation ex\u00adtended the community\u2019s greetings. A wreath was placed on the memorial by Frank Magyary in the name of the Rakoczi Society. Kalman Revesz, sec\u00adretary of Verhovay also placed a wreath on the bust.<\/p>\n

\"Ady\"
Ady<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

At the present writing, Appellate Judge Julius M. Kovachy is president of the Hungarian Cultural Gar\u00adden Association, Mrs. Margaret Szabo and Miss Lily Volosin are vice-presidents, Stephen Gobozy is secretary, Joseph Szalay, is treasurer, and Municipal Judge Louis Petrash, Mr. and Mrs. Kalman Kolzs\u00advary, Carl Helwig, Andrew Dono, Mrs. Joseph Dunasky, Mathias Gallo, Mrs. Andrew Balazik Steven Kovach, Charles Kautzky, John Marton, and Ferenz Simon, are directors. executive officers and delegates to the Cultural Garden Federation are Judges Louis Petrash and Julius M. Kovachy, Miss Lily Volosin, and Stephen Gobozy.<\/p>\n

\"Judge
Judge Louis Petrash, Miss Lily Volosin, Judge Julius Kovachy, Miss Clara Lederer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Officers of former years have included, in addi\u00adtion to Judge Kovachy as president, Dr. Stephen Ciprus, vice-president, Dr. John Majoros, secretary, and John Kish, treasurer. Former directors have been, in addition to Judge Kovachy, Dr. Stephen Ciprus, John\u00a0J. Kish, Judge Louis Petrash, Dr. John Majoros, Joseph Fodor, Stephen Gobozy, Louis Toth, John Jakab, Paul Nagy, Stephen Kormendy, and Ignatz Fanchaly.\u00a0<\/p>\n

A charming feature of Hungarian Garden his\u00adtory has been its annual Visitation Day celebration, marked by gypsy music, flag raising ceremonies, speeches by prominent Cleveland Hungarians, and the serving of\u00a0Hungarian\u00a0pastries and coffee with whipped cream to guests by members of Hungarian women’s organizations in native costume.<\/p>\n

Dr. Joseph Remenyi, professor of Comparative Literature at Western Reserve University, distinguished\u00a0both as critic of international reputation and creative writer in his native Hungary, and for many years a dynamic cultural asset the Cleveland scene, sums up for up the implied ethnic and individual significance of the\u00a0Hungarian Cultural Garden. He points out that the Hungarians, a Finno-Ugric, people with a thousand year old history on the European continent, speak a language which tends to isolate them from a complete understanding of their position in the progress of European civilization.\u00a0 “Hungary, for centuries the defender of Christendom against Ottoman invaders,” Dr. Remenyi says, “was also, the defender of her culture which developed parallel with that of the West. Scholasticism, the Renaissance, the Reformation, and Counter-Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, have, their corresponding periods in Hungarian history. Throughout the centuries poli\u00adtical, cultural and religious leaders endeavored to co-ordinate western orientation with national loyal\u00adties.” Dr. Remenyi cites the music of Bela Bartok, modern Hungarian composer, as a vital symbol of the Hungarian cultural spirit, insofar as it portrays “an interplay between the emotional and ethical forces of national traditions and those of individual\u00adism, as understood in Western Europe.” Dr. Remenyi comments on the design of the Hungarian Cultural Garden by stating that it is in accordance with traditional aesthetic expressions and that Cleveland Hungarians have not lost sight of their rural or artisan past. “The garden also displays the personal quali\u00adties of Hungarian culture,” Dr. Remenyi says, “re\u00adflected in the tangible symbols of\u00a0the plaque of Franz Liszt, whose compositions were influenced\u00a0by folk tunes, and the bust of Imre Madach, the philosophical dramatist.”<\/p>\n

\"Liszt
Liszt Plaque- Day of Dedication<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Future plans for the adornment of the Hungarian Garden with busts honoring famous Hungarians who have contributed to both national Hungarian and to universal culture, include the\u00a0commemorationof Sandor Petofi, greatest Hungarian lyrist, epic genius, and master of the Hungarian language; Jan\u00ados Arany, and memorials in honor of Mor Jokai, popular, romantic novelist; Farkas Bolyai, mathe\u00admatician; Ignac Semmelweis, medical genius; Mi\u00adhaly Munkacsy, world-renowned landscape and portrait artist, painter of historical subjects, includ\u00ading the famous \u201cMilton Dictating Paradise Lost to his Daughters;\u201d and Bela Bartok, composer of opera\u00adtic, choral, symphonic, vocal, violin and piano works, in whose last string quartets there has been discovered a close spiritual kinship with those of Beethoven.<\/p>\n

\"Mid
Mid Portion of the Hungarian Cultural Garden<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

No more fitting conclusion than these remarks of Dr. Remenyi could be chosen for this chapter on the Hungarian Garden. \u201cThe Hungarian Garden design should not be viewed as a superimposed ornamental improvement of the past, but a logical and harmoni\u00adous expression of a nation\u2019s collective and individual spirit, side by side with similar expression of other nations. Here is an example of how true values are preserved in an American city. It proves that Ameri\u00adca does not consider the divergent cultural horizons of other nations incompatible with the basic ideology of democracy; on the contrary, their values are rec\u00adognized in accordance with the Jeffersonian view of man\u2019s place and dignity in our society.\u201d <\/p>\n

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