{"id":70,"date":"2022-03-17T18:02:29","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T18:02:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/?post_type=chapter&p=70"},"modified":"2023-05-01T12:20:05","modified_gmt":"2023-05-01T12:20:05","slug":"jugoslav-cultural-garden","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/their-paths-are-peace\/chapter\/jugoslav-cultural-garden\/","title":{"rendered":"Jugoslav Cultural Garden"},"content":{"raw":"\"\"\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>Cultural Garden <\/span>is located <\/span>near the <\/span>St. <\/span>Clair <\/span>Avenue-East <\/span>Boulevard approach to <\/span>Rocke\u00ad<\/span>feller Park, <\/span>and <\/span>embodies <\/span>the <\/span>culture <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Slov\u00ad<\/span>enes, <\/span>Croats, <\/span>and <\/span>Serbs. <\/span>A circular <\/span>fountain and <\/span>pool <\/span>are <\/span>the central features <\/span>of <\/span>a <\/span>paved court. <\/span>Two <\/span>stately <\/span>linden <\/span>trees, <\/span>the <\/span>typical Slovenian <\/span>\u201clipa\u201d, <\/span>whose <\/span>sweet-scented, delicate <\/span>blossoms <\/span>are <\/span>used <\/span>in <\/span>the brewing <\/span>of <\/span>a delightful tea, <\/span>tower <\/span>at either <\/span>side <\/span>of <\/span>the garden entrance. <\/span>The <\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>Garden <\/span>slopes <\/span>in <\/span>three <\/span>levels between <\/span>the <\/span>upper and <\/span>lower <\/span>boulevards. <\/span>To <\/span>the <\/span>left <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>entrance <\/span>is <\/span>a re\u00ad<\/span>poseful, formal, <\/span>sunken <\/span>garden; <\/span>to <\/span>the right, <\/span>a semi\u00ad<\/span>circular <\/span>section. <\/span>A <\/span>semi-circular <\/span>stairway leads to <\/span>the <\/span>halfway lower level, and a <\/span>wide <\/span>stairway <\/span>from <\/span>the <\/span>mid-level <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>lower level, <\/span>where there <\/span>extends <\/span>a <\/span>spacious, <\/span>stage-like <\/span>paved <\/span>court. <\/span>Encircling <\/span>this <\/span>setting <\/span>is a beautiful, natural amphitheatre form\u00ad<\/span>ed <\/span>of <\/span>massive <\/span>shade <\/span>trees <\/span>and the <\/span>cooling stream <\/span>of <\/span>Doan <\/span>Brook. <\/span>Because <\/span>of <\/span>its theatre-like <\/span>design, <\/span>and the generous <\/span>sweep <\/span>of <\/span>its <\/span>lovely <\/span>vistas, <\/span>the <\/span>Jugo-<\/span>Slav <\/span>Garden, <\/span>since <\/span>1949, has <\/span>provided the <\/span>ideal <\/span>set\u00ad<\/span>ting <\/span>for <\/span>the <\/span>annual <\/span>One <\/span>World <\/span>Day <\/span>celebrations. <\/span>Over <\/span>2000 <\/span>plants and flowering shrubs adorn this <\/span>impressive <\/span>garden.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>Cultural Garden <\/span>was <\/span>officially <\/span>opened <\/span>on <\/span>May 15, <\/span>1938,with <\/span>a <\/span>parade <\/span>of <\/span>assembly <\/span>of <\/span>lodges, <\/span>drill <\/span>teams, <\/span>and <\/span>bands, <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>presence of Dr. Adlesic, Mayor of Ljubljana, as principal speaker. Other speakers included Mr. John Mihe: lich, Mayor Harold H. Burton, Governor Martin L. Davey, Senator Robert Bulkley, Common Plea! Judge Frank J. Lausche, United States Representatives<\/span> Martin L. Sweeney, Robert Crosser and Anthony<\/span> Fleger ; Chief Ohio Supreme Court Justice Carl V. Weygandt, Common Pleas Judge Frank J. Merrick, WPA Director Colonel Joseph H. Alex\u00adander, Hugo Varga, director of parks, Mr. Charles Wolfram, then president of the Cultural Garden League, Mrs. Marian Kuhar, treasurer of the Jugoslav Cultural Garden, Joseph Grdina, secretary of the Jugoslav Cultural Garden and Dr. Konstantin Fotic, Jugoslav Envoy in Washington. Mr: Anton Grdina was program leader.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>Cultural \u2018Garden <\/span>group <\/span>was <\/span>organ\u00ad<\/span>ized <\/span>in <\/span>1929. <\/span>The <\/span>first <\/span>president <\/span>was <\/span>Councilman <\/span>John <\/span>Mihelich. <\/span>Mr. Anton <\/span>Grdina <\/span>succeeded <\/span>him, <\/span>and <\/span>has <\/span>remained <\/span>president <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>time <\/span>of <\/span>this <\/span>writ\u00ad<\/span>ing. <\/span>Other <\/span>officers <\/span>active <\/span>since <\/span>the <\/span>time <\/span>of <\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>garden's inception\u00a0<\/span>till <\/span>the <\/span>present <\/span>are: <\/span>Mr. Joseph <\/span>Grdina, <\/span>secretary; Mrs. <\/span>Marian <\/span>Kuhar, <\/span>treasurer; <\/span>and <\/span>Mrs. <\/span>Johanna <\/span>Mervar, vice <\/span>president. Mr. <\/span>Anton <\/span>Grdina has <\/span>been <\/span>the <\/span>moving <\/span>spirit, both from <\/span>a <\/span>material and cultural standpoint, <\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>tile\u00a0<\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>Cultural <\/span>Garden, and\u00a0<\/span>also has been<\/span>actively <\/span>interested in the entire Cultural Garden project, serving as treasurer, from its earliest period.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_211\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"319\"]\"Anton Anton Grdina at the Cankar Memorial[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe site <\/span>of <\/span>this garden <\/span>had <\/span>been <\/span>formally <\/span>dedi\u00ad<\/span>cated <\/span>December 4, <\/span>1932, <\/span>upon <\/span>the <\/span>occasion <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>14th <\/span>anniversary <\/span>of <\/span>Jugoslav independence, <\/span>for <\/span>in <\/span>1918 Jugoslavia <\/span>became <\/span>a united kingdom <\/span>after <\/span>17 <\/span>centuries <\/span>of <\/span>struggle. <\/span>Charles <\/span>J. <\/span>Wolfram <\/span>presided <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>ceremonies. <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Leonide Pitamic, Jugoslav <\/span>Minister <\/span>to <\/span>the United <\/span>States, professor <\/span>of <\/span>constitu\u00ad<\/span>tional <\/span>and <\/span>international law, member <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Jugo\u00ad<\/span>slav <\/span>delegation <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>League <\/span>of <\/span>Nations, <\/span>was <\/span>the <\/span>principal <\/span>speaker. <\/span>In <\/span>his dedicatory remarks, <\/span>he <\/span>em\u00ad<\/span>phasized <\/span>the equal importance <\/span>of <\/span>cultural and <\/span>poli\u00ad<\/span>tical <\/span>international\u00a0<\/span>goodwill, <\/span>and presented and <\/span>planted an <\/span>evergreen tree. Mrs. Jennie <\/span>K. <\/span>Zwick <\/span>and <\/span>Mr. <\/span>Anton Grdina <\/span>also <\/span>spoke.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn <\/span>the <\/span>fountain rotunda <\/span>are <\/span>the <\/span>busts <\/span>of <\/span>Bishop <\/span>Frederick <\/span>Irenaeus <\/span>Baraga <\/span>and the <\/span>poet, <\/span>Petar Petro\u00ad<\/span>vich <\/span>Njegosh. <\/span>The <\/span>bust\u00a0<\/span>of Bishop<\/span>Baraga\u00a0<\/span>was unveiled<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>Slovenes <\/span>on <\/span>September <\/span>22, <\/span>1935. <\/span>It <\/span>was <\/span>dedicated <\/span>by <\/span>Archbishop <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Gregory <\/span>Rozman <\/span>of Ljh<\/span>ubljana, <\/span>Slovenia. <\/span>Guests <\/span>of <\/span>honor were Gover\u00ad<\/span>nor <\/span>Martin <\/span>L. <\/span>Davey, <\/span>and <\/span>Dr. <\/span>Bozidar <\/span>Stojanovic <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Jugoslav Legation <\/span>in <\/span>Washington. <\/span>Bishop <\/span>Baraga was <\/span>born <\/span>in <\/span>Slovenia in <\/span>1797, <\/span>and <\/span>was <\/span>or\u00ad<\/span>dained a priest <\/span>in\u00a0<\/span>1823 after<\/span>studies <\/span>in <\/span>Ljubljana, <\/span>(capital <\/span>of <\/span>Slovenia) and <\/span>Vienna. <\/span>In <\/span>1830 <\/span>he <\/span>came <\/span>to <\/span>America <\/span>and <\/span>was <\/span>sent <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>Archbishop <\/span>of <\/span>Cin\u00adcinnati to the Ottawa Indians<\/span>in <\/span>the wilds <\/span>of <\/span>Michi\u00ad<\/span>gan. <\/span>He <\/span>labored unstintingly against <\/span>great <\/span>physi\u00ad<\/span>cal <\/span>and <\/span>spiritual odds <\/span>for the welfare <\/span>of <\/span>early <\/span>Americans. Called the Apostle of the Chippewas and ac\u00adclaimed a hero of the Northwest Territory, he also achieved fame as writer both in America and Europe.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThis <\/span>saintly <\/span>man <\/span>died <\/span>on <\/span>June 19, 1868, <\/span>and <\/span>is <\/span>now <\/span>being proposed <\/span>for <\/span>canonization <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>Catho\u00ad<\/span>lic Church. <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>bust <\/span>of <\/span>their great poet, Petar Njegosh <\/span>(1813\u00ad-<\/span>1851) <\/span>was <\/span>placed <\/span>here <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>Serbs <\/span>of <\/span>Cleveland. <\/span>A <\/span>distinguished <\/span>statesman <\/span>and philosopher, Njegosh <\/span>was <\/span>Prince-Bishop <\/span>of <\/span>Montenegro, and the first <\/span>Montenegrin ruler who obtained <\/span>recognition <\/span>for <\/span>Montenegro <\/span>as <\/span>an <\/span>independent state. <\/span>What <\/span>Shake\u00ad<\/span>speare <\/span>is <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>English, <\/span>Njegosh <\/span>is <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>Serbs. <\/span>His <\/span>work <\/span>attracted wide attention and <\/span>was <\/span>admired <\/span>by <\/span>Goethe. <\/span>He <\/span>is best known <\/span>for <\/span>his <\/span>two <\/span>epic <\/span>poems, <\/span>\u201cThe <\/span>Mountain <\/span>Garland\u2019 <\/span>and <\/span>\u201cLight <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Micro\u00ad<\/span>cosm\u201d.<\/span>\r\n\r\nInscribed <\/span>on <\/span>the mounting <\/span>of <\/span>his <\/span>bust <\/span>in the <\/span>Jugo\u00ad<\/span>slav <\/span>Garden are <\/span>these lines <\/span>in <\/span>English <\/span>translation <\/span>from one <\/span>of <\/span>his poems:\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u201cA <\/span>flash <\/span>mid <\/span>mortal dust <\/span>are we; <\/span>\r\n\r\nWe <\/span>are a torch <\/span>engirt <\/span>by <\/span>darkness. <\/span>\r\n\r\nWhat <\/span>good <\/span>is Empire <\/span>to <\/span>inhuman <\/span>men, <\/span>\r\n\r\nExcept <\/span>to spread <\/span>their <\/span>shame <\/span>through <\/span>all <\/span>the <\/span>world. <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>very <\/span>corn <\/span>is spiked <\/span>for <\/span>self-defense <\/span>\r\n\r\nAnd <\/span>thorns <\/span>do <\/span>punish plucking <\/span>of <\/span>a rose. <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>oppressed <\/span>do <\/span>rise <\/span>against <\/span>the <\/span>oppressor; <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>stroke <\/span>calls <\/span>forth <\/span>a flash from out the <\/span>stone; <\/span>\r\n\r\nLacking <\/span>that <\/span>stroke, <\/span>imprisoned were <\/span>the <\/span>spark. <\/span>\r\n\r\nSuffering <\/span>reveals <\/span>the virtue <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>cross; <\/span>\r\n\r\nExcept <\/span>by <\/span>death <\/span>was never Resurrection. <\/span>\r\n\r\nFor <\/span>all <\/span>this <\/span>vast <\/span>array <\/span>of <\/span>things <\/span>confused <\/span>\r\n\r\nHath <\/span>yet <\/span>some <\/span>rhythmic harmony and <\/span>law: <\/span>\r\n\r\nO\u2019er <\/span>all <\/span>this <\/span>curious <\/span>mixture <\/span>of <\/span>a world <\/span>\r\n\r\nThere <\/span>yet <\/span>doth <\/span>reign <\/span>one overarching Mind.\u201d<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>priest, <\/span>Simon <\/span>Gregorcic (1844-1906) <\/span>is the <\/span>most beloved of <\/span>all <\/span>their poets <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>Slovene <\/span>peo\u00ad<\/span>ple. <\/span>The <\/span>melody, <\/span>the <\/span>tenderness, <\/span>the <\/span>intensity, <\/span>the <\/span>heart-to-heart <\/span>messages <\/span>of <\/span>his <\/span>poems <\/span>were a <\/span>hopeful <\/span>consolation <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>oppressed people, <\/span>who hailed <\/span>their cheerful <\/span>prophesies <\/span>with <\/span>great <\/span>joy. <\/span>An <\/span>ethical <\/span>note <\/span>pervades <\/span>much <\/span>of <\/span>his <\/span>poetry, <\/span>and <\/span>because <\/span>of <\/span>their <\/span>lyrical <\/span>quality his <\/span>poems <\/span>readily <\/span>lend <\/span>them\u00ad<\/span>selves <\/span>to <\/span>musical <\/span>settings. <\/span>Many <\/span>of <\/span>them <\/span>have <\/span>be\u00ad<\/span>come <\/span>virtually folk-songs. A <\/span>good <\/span>example <\/span>of <\/span>his <\/span>strong <\/span>humanitarian feeling <\/span>is conveyed <\/span>in <\/span>his poem,<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u201cAlone.\u201d<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u201cAlas <\/span>for <\/span>him <\/span>who <\/span>sighs <\/span>in <\/span>grief <\/span>alone <\/span>\r\n\r\nNor <\/span>happy he who drinks <\/span>his <\/span>joys <\/span>alone. <\/span>\r\n\r\nIs <\/span>Heaven kind <\/span>to <\/span>thee, O<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>brother <\/span>mine, <\/span>\r\n\r\nThen from <\/span>thy <\/span>fellows turn not <\/span>eyes <\/span>of <\/span>thine. <\/span>\r\n\r\nThe noble <\/span>mind <\/span>all pain alone will bear, <\/span>\r\n\r\nBut <\/span>happiness <\/span>will with another <\/span>share. <\/span>\r\n\r\nThy <\/span>heart, <\/span>thy <\/span>hand <\/span>wide open <\/span>lay, <\/span>\r\n\r\nAnd <\/span>seek <\/span>to <\/span>wipe <\/span>a brother\u2019s tear <\/span>away, <\/span>\r\n\r\nSeek <\/span>thou <\/span>an <\/span>orphan\u2019s sorrow to <\/span>allay. <\/span>\r\n\r\nHe <\/span>who <\/span>Would <\/span>drink his <\/span>joys <\/span>alone, <\/span>\r\n\r\nShall <\/span>shed <\/span>his tears <\/span>in <\/span>grief <\/span>alone.\u201d<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_213\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"319\"]\"Archbishop Archbishop Rozman at Unveiling of Baraga Bust[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>100th anniversary <\/span>of <\/span>the birth <\/span>of <\/span>Simon <\/span>Gre\u00ad<\/span>gorcic* <\/span>was commemorated <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>Cultural <\/span>Garden <\/span>group <\/span>on <\/span>August <\/span>13, <\/span>1944. <\/span>The <\/span>program <\/span>featured <\/span>a colorful pageant <\/span>and <\/span>some <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>poet's <\/span>finest <\/span>works.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn <\/span>a small <\/span>court <\/span>to <\/span>the right <\/span>of <\/span>the fountain <\/span>ro\u00ad<\/span>tunda <\/span>is <\/span>the <\/span>bronze <\/span>head <\/span>of <\/span>Ivan Cankar, also hon\u00ad<\/span>ored <\/span>as an immortal <\/span>poet <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>Slovenian <\/span>people. <\/span>He <\/span>was <\/span>born <\/span>in <\/span>1876 <\/span>in <\/span>Vrhnika, <\/span>Slovenia, <\/span>and <\/span>died <\/span>in <\/span>1918 <\/span>at <\/span>Ljubljana. <\/span>The <\/span>Cankar and <\/span>Gregorcic <\/span>monuments were jointly dedicated <\/span>on <\/span>August <\/span>13, <\/span>1944,<\/span>by <\/span>two <\/span>Slovenian professors, <\/span>Dr. <\/span>France <\/span>Trdan, <\/span>Superintendent <\/span>of <\/span>Schools, <\/span>and <\/span>Professor <\/span>Julius <\/span>Slapsak, both <\/span>of <\/span>Ljubljana.<\/span>\r\n\r\nCankar is an emotional, <\/span>subjective <\/span>writer, <\/span>reveal\u00ad<\/span>ing a <\/span>profound <\/span>symbolism. <\/span>He <\/span>freely <\/span>employs <\/span>al\u00ad<\/span>legory, <\/span>paradox, and <\/span>satire, but <\/span>only <\/span>as <\/span>a means <\/span>of <\/span>emphasizing <\/span>the <\/span>truth <\/span>as he <\/span>sees <\/span>it. <\/span>He <\/span>is often <\/span>a <\/span>negative <\/span>writer, <\/span>succumbing <\/span>to a <\/span>bitter <\/span>pessimism, <\/span>but <\/span>this <\/span>is his method <\/span>of <\/span>bringing out the <\/span>more <\/span>for\u00ad<\/span>cibly <\/span>his <\/span>deep yearning <\/span>and <\/span>his unswerving <\/span>faith <\/span>in <\/span>his <\/span>people, <\/span>spurring <\/span>them <\/span>on <\/span>to <\/span>greater <\/span>activity <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>attaining <\/span>of <\/span>right <\/span>and <\/span>justice. <\/span>The <\/span>bronze <\/span>head <\/span>of <\/span>Ivan Cankar <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>Garden is the <\/span>work <\/span>of <\/span>Rudolph Mafko, <\/span>the <\/span>only Slovene sculptor <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>United <\/span>States.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nEach <\/span>year, <\/span>the <\/span>Serbs <\/span>hold their <\/span>own <\/span>celebration <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>Garden.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>statehood <\/span>of <\/span>Jugoslavia, constructed <\/span>out <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>ruins <\/span>of <\/span>the Austro-Hungarian <\/span>monarchy, <\/span>dates from the close of the First World War. The Homeland of Jugoslav's included former subjects of Austria-Hungary, Serbia, and Montenegro. Their union and independence were achieved in 1918. The Slovenes, Croak, and Serbs, throughout history have been very closely bound by ethnic and linguistic bonds, yet, because of divergent backgrounds-the Slovenes and Croats under western, the Serbs under eastern influences-show marked political and cul\u00adtural differences. <\/span>\r\n\r\nSubstantial material and cultural <\/span>progress was <\/span>made <\/span>by <\/span>the <\/span>new <\/span>state during the <\/span>two <\/span>decades <\/span>before <\/span>the <\/span>Second <\/span>World <\/span>War. <\/span>Autonomy, <\/span>democracy, <\/span>and <\/span>constitutionalism <\/span>were near fulfilment <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>dark <\/span>and <\/span>chaotic <\/span>time <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>Nazi <\/span>invasion <\/span>in <\/span>1941.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn <\/span>addition <\/span>to <\/span>their <\/span>mighty <\/span>contribution <\/span>to <\/span>labor, <\/span>which <\/span>has helped <\/span>to <\/span>make <\/span>America <\/span>the <\/span>most <\/span>pros\u00ad<\/span>perous <\/span>nation <\/span>in <\/span>the world, <\/span>Americans of <\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>origin have added <\/span>the <\/span>gifts <\/span>of <\/span>their <\/span>honesty, <\/span>their <\/span>thrift, <\/span>their genial and quaint hospitality, and their <\/span>strong <\/span>moral <\/span>consciousness. <\/span>The <\/span>fusion <\/span>of <\/span>these <\/span>qualities <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>best <\/span>in American <\/span>ideals <\/span>and <\/span>tra\u00ad<\/span>ditions <\/span>insures a <\/span>high <\/span>type <\/span>of <\/span>citizenship.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe <\/span>Jugoslav <\/span>Cultural Garden <\/span>is the concrete <\/span>tes\u00ad<\/span>timony <\/span>of <\/span>the stubborn <\/span>idealism <\/span>of <\/span>this <\/span>brave <\/span>peo\u00ad<\/span>ple, and <\/span>of <\/span>their love <\/span>of <\/span>their national <\/span>poets <\/span>and <\/span>of <\/span>their adopted <\/span>country.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_212\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"319\"]\"Njegosh\" Njegosh[\/caption]\r\n\r\n*Translation by Ivan Zoman Cleveland poet and musician of\r\nJugoslav descent. who contributed the major portion of this\r\nchapter.","rendered":"

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The Jugoslav Cultural Garden is located near the St. Clair Avenue-East Boulevard approach to Rocke\u00adfeller Park, and embodies the culture of the Slov\u00adenes, Croats, and Serbs. A circular fountain and pool are the central features of a paved court. Two stately linden trees, the typical Slovenian \u201clipa\u201d, whose sweet-scented, delicate blossoms are used in the brewing of a delightful tea, tower at either side of the garden entrance. The Jugoslav Garden slopes in three levels between the upper and lower boulevards. To the left of the entrance is a re\u00adposeful, formal, sunken garden; to the right, a semi\u00adcircular section. A semi-circular stairway leads to the halfway lower level, and a wide stairway from the mid-level to the lower level, where there extends a spacious, stage-like paved court. Encircling this setting is a beautiful, natural amphitheatre form\u00aded of massive shade trees and the cooling stream of Doan Brook. Because of its theatre-like design, and the generous sweep of its lovely vistas, the Jugo-Slav Garden, since 1949, has provided the ideal set\u00adting for the annual One World Day celebrations. Over 2000 plants and flowering shrubs adorn this impressive garden.<\/p>\n

The Jugoslav Cultural Garden was officially opened on May 15, 1938,with a parade of assembly of lodges, drill teams, and bands, and the presence of Dr. Adlesic, Mayor of Ljubljana, as principal speaker. Other speakers included Mr. John Mihe: lich, Mayor Harold H. Burton, Governor Martin L. Davey, Senator Robert Bulkley, Common Plea! Judge Frank J. Lausche, United States Representatives Martin L. Sweeney, Robert Crosser and Anthony Fleger ; Chief Ohio Supreme Court Justice Carl V. Weygandt, Common Pleas Judge Frank J. Merrick, WPA Director Colonel Joseph H. Alex\u00adander, Hugo Varga, director of parks, Mr. Charles Wolfram, then president of the Cultural Garden League, Mrs. Marian Kuhar, treasurer of the Jugoslav Cultural Garden, Joseph Grdina, secretary of the Jugoslav Cultural Garden and Dr. Konstantin Fotic, Jugoslav Envoy in Washington. Mr: Anton Grdina was program leader.<\/p>\n

The Jugoslav Cultural \u2018Garden group was organ\u00adized in 1929. The first president was Councilman John Mihelich. Mr. Anton Grdina succeeded him, and has remained president to the time of this writ\u00ading. Other officers active since the time of the\u00a0garden’s inception\u00a0till the present are: Mr. Joseph Grdina, secretary; Mrs. Marian Kuhar, treasurer; and Mrs. Johanna Mervar, vice president. Mr. Anton Grdina has been the moving spirit, both from a material and cultural standpoint, of\u00a0tile\u00a0Jugoslav Cultural Garden, and\u00a0also has beenactively interested in the entire Cultural Garden project, serving as treasurer, from its earliest period.<\/p>\n

\"Anton
Anton Grdina at the Cankar Memorial<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The site of this garden had been formally dedi\u00adcated December 4, 1932, upon the occasion of the 14th anniversary of Jugoslav independence, for in 1918 Jugoslavia became a united kingdom after 17 centuries of struggle. Charles J. Wolfram presided at the ceremonies. Dr. Leonide Pitamic, Jugoslav Minister to the United States, professor of constitu\u00adtional and international law, member of the Jugo\u00adslav delegation to the League of Nations, was the principal speaker. In his dedicatory remarks, he em\u00adphasized the equal importance of cultural and poli\u00adtical international\u00a0goodwill, and presented and planted an evergreen tree. Mrs. Jennie K. Zwick and Mr. Anton Grdina also spoke.<\/p>\n

In the fountain rotunda are the busts of Bishop Frederick Irenaeus Baraga and the poet, Petar Petro\u00advich Njegosh. The bust\u00a0of BishopBaraga\u00a0was unveiled\u00a0by the Slovenes on September 22, 1935. It was dedicated by Archbishop Dr. Gregory Rozman of Ljhubljana, Slovenia. Guests of honor were Gover\u00adnor Martin L. Davey, and Dr. Bozidar Stojanovic of the Jugoslav Legation in Washington. Bishop Baraga was born in Slovenia in 1797, and was or\u00addained a priest in\u00a01823 afterstudies in Ljubljana, (capital of Slovenia) and Vienna. In 1830 he came to America and was sent by the Archbishop of Cin\u00adcinnati to the Ottawa Indiansin the wilds of Michi\u00adgan. He labored unstintingly against great physi\u00adcal and spiritual odds for the welfare of early Americans. Called the Apostle of the Chippewas and ac\u00adclaimed a hero of the Northwest Territory, he also achieved fame as writer both in America and Europe.<\/p>\n

This saintly man died on June 19, 1868, and is now being proposed for canonization in the Catho\u00adlic Church. <\/p>\n

The bust of their great poet, Petar Njegosh (1813\u00ad-1851) was placed here by the Serbs of Cleveland. A distinguished statesman and philosopher, Njegosh was Prince-Bishop of Montenegro, and the first Montenegrin ruler who obtained recognition for Montenegro as an independent state. What Shake\u00adspeare is to the English, Njegosh is to the Serbs. His work attracted wide attention and was admired by Goethe. He is best known for his two epic poems, \u201cThe Mountain Garland\u2019 and \u201cLight of the Micro\u00adcosm\u201d.<\/p>\n

Inscribed on the mounting of his bust in the Jugo\u00adslav Garden are these lines in English translation from one of his poems:\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cA flash mid mortal dust are we; <\/p>\n

We are a torch engirt by darkness. <\/p>\n

What good is Empire to inhuman men, <\/p>\n

Except to spread their shame through all the world. <\/p>\n

The very corn is spiked for self-defense <\/p>\n

And thorns do punish plucking of a rose. <\/p>\n

The oppressed do rise against the oppressor; <\/p>\n

The stroke calls forth a flash from out the stone; <\/p>\n

Lacking that stroke, imprisoned were the spark. <\/p>\n

Suffering reveals the virtue of the cross; <\/p>\n

Except by death was never Resurrection. <\/p>\n

For all this vast array of things confused <\/p>\n

Hath yet some rhythmic harmony and law: <\/p>\n

O\u2019er all this curious mixture of a world <\/p>\n

There yet doth reign one overarching Mind.\u201d<\/p>\n

The priest, Simon Gregorcic (1844-1906) is the most beloved of all their poets to the Slovene peo\u00adple. The melody, the tenderness, the intensity, the heart-to-heart messages of his poems were a hopeful consolation to the oppressed people, who hailed their cheerful prophesies with great joy. An ethical note pervades much of his poetry, and because of their lyrical quality his poems readily lend them\u00adselves to musical settings. Many of them have be\u00adcome virtually folk-songs. A good example of his strong humanitarian feeling is conveyed in his poem,<\/p>\n

\u201cAlone.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAlas for him who sighs in grief alone <\/p>\n

Nor happy he who drinks his joys alone. <\/p>\n

Is Heaven kind to thee, O\u00a0brother mine, <\/p>\n

Then from thy fellows turn not eyes of thine. <\/p>\n

The noble mind all pain alone will bear, <\/p>\n

But happiness will with another share. <\/p>\n

Thy heart, thy hand wide open lay, <\/p>\n

And seek to wipe a brother\u2019s tear away, <\/p>\n

Seek thou an orphan\u2019s sorrow to allay. <\/p>\n

He who Would drink his joys alone, <\/p>\n

Shall shed his tears in grief alone.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Archbishop
Archbishop Rozman at Unveiling of Baraga Bust<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The 100th anniversary of the birth of Simon Gre\u00adgorcic* was commemorated by the Jugoslav Cultural Garden group on August 13, 1944. The program featured a colorful pageant and some of the poet’s finest works.<\/p>\n

In a small court to the right of the fountain ro\u00adtunda is the bronze head of Ivan Cankar, also hon\u00adored as an immortal poet by the Slovenian people. He was born in 1876 in Vrhnika, Slovenia, and died in 1918 at Ljubljana. The Cankar and Gregorcic monuments were jointly dedicated on August 13, 1944,by two Slovenian professors, Dr. France Trdan, Superintendent of Schools, and Professor Julius Slapsak, both of Ljubljana.<\/p>\n

Cankar is an emotional, subjective writer, reveal\u00ading a profound symbolism. He freely employs al\u00adlegory, paradox, and satire, but only as a means of emphasizing the truth as he sees it. He is often a negative writer, succumbing to a bitter pessimism, but this is his method of bringing out the more for\u00adcibly his deep yearning and his unswerving faith in his people, spurring them on to greater activity in the attaining of right and justice. The bronze head of Ivan Cankar in the Jugoslav Garden is the work of Rudolph Mafko, the only Slovene sculptor in the United States.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Each year, the Serbs hold their own celebration in the Jugoslav Garden.<\/p>\n

The statehood of Jugoslavia, constructed out of the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, dates from the close of the First World War. The Homeland of Jugoslav’s included former subjects of Austria-Hungary, Serbia, and Montenegro. Their union and independence were achieved in 1918. The Slovenes, Croak, and Serbs, throughout history have been very closely bound by ethnic and linguistic bonds, yet, because of divergent backgrounds-the Slovenes and Croats under western, the Serbs under eastern influences-show marked political and cul\u00adtural differences. <\/p>\n

Substantial material and cultural progress was made by the new state during the two decades before the Second World War. Autonomy, democracy, and constitutionalism were near fulfilment at the dark and chaotic time of the Nazi invasion in 1941.<\/p>\n

In addition to their mighty contribution to labor, which has helped to make America the most pros\u00adperous nation in the world, Americans of Jugoslav origin have added the gifts of their honesty, their thrift, their genial and quaint hospitality, and their strong moral consciousness. The fusion of these qualities with the best in American ideals and tra\u00additions insures a high type of citizenship.<\/p>\n

The Jugoslav Cultural Garden is the concrete tes\u00adtimony of the stubborn idealism of this brave peo\u00adple, and of their love of their national poets and of their adopted country.<\/p>\n

\"Njegosh\"
Njegosh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

*Translation by Ivan Zoman Cleveland poet and musician of
\nJugoslav descent. who contributed the major portion of this
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