{"id":231,"date":"2021-07-23T22:43:19","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T22:43:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/?post_type=chapter&p=231"},"modified":"2021-08-09T15:54:24","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T15:54:24","slug":"6-10-2-social-media-and-communication-research-essay","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/chapter\/6-10-2-social-media-and-communication-research-essay\/","title":{"rendered":"6.10.2 Social media and communication (research essay)"},"content":{"raw":"

English 102, April 2021<\/h3>\r\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/h1>\r\nCommunication is extremely important in today\u2019s world, whether it be verbal\u00a0or nonverbal. It can take place through many different forms such as through writing, speaking,\u00a0listening\u00a0and physical actions.\u00a0These forms of communication evolve and\u00a0continue to improve over time. As humans, we rely on communication\u00a0for almost everything and it is a way of life. Communication has evolved from talking to writing letters to texting or talking over the phone. Every\u00a0time a new form of communication is brought up and becomes more popular,\u00a0we\u00a0have\u00a0to\u00a0adapt\u00a0and\u00a0evolve\u00a0to\u00a0that\u00a0new\u00a0lifestyle.\u00a0Throughout all the new forms of communication and ways of evolving, social media has been one of the\u00a0most influential so far.\u00a0Social media has allowed us to create new ways of communicating, such as texting or posting through different apps.\u00a0It can connect us with people all over the world and give us a platform to express ourselves in ways that have not been possible before.\u00a0While social media started off as a small form of technology, it has morphed into aspects of our everyday life.\u00a0Now there are apps for everything from social media profiles to online shopping. While social media and technology itself\u00a0has\u00a0evolved,\u00a0this has also affected our communication with each other and the world. Social media has created a fast track for information in a matter of seconds. It can give people\u00a0a platform with millions of followers overnight for doing practically anything.\u00a0It can help people express themselves in new ways and connect with people who have similar interests.\u00a0The end goal of social media is to make people happy and ultimately make lives easier.\r\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/h1>\r\nWith\u00a0all this being said, it\u00a0is evident that social media is in our everyday lives and will continue to change. It has a very strong\u00a0grip on society as social media usage continues to rise throughout the years.\u00a0Generalizing social media, we are exposed to forms of media at almost all times of the day.\u00a0Answering the question of what\u00a0media\u00a0is will help give a better understanding of social\u00a0media as a whole. Media can be defined as a\u00a0way of mass communication.\u00a0This could include\u00a0siting in the car listening to ads on the radio all the way to\u00a0scrolling on twitter. We are exposed to social media less often than generalized media, but it\u00a0tends to come in greater quantities when exposed. For example, for people that wake up and check twitter\u00a0it is an instant flood of information with every scroll.\u00a0Everything from politics to sports to celebrity news is available at the fingertips. The concern is not all focused on the overwhelming information, but also the overwhelming number of comments and opinions. If we wanted to debate or talk about something before social media it had to be done in person, face to face. Now with social media, we\u00a0are able to\u00a0fight with people in comment sections on a backup account with a different name and no connection to who we really are. This new form of communication takes away the vulnerability of\u00a0speaking to people and having genuine\u00a0conversation, and\u00a0makes up for it in internet trolls.\u00a0Overall, social media is\u00a0impacting\u00a0the way we communicate with\u00a0each other\u00a0and the real questions are: Is social media impacting us in a positive or negative way? Do the positive\u00a0aspects outweigh the negative aspects? Is social media hindering the way we communicate in person with each other? Is their more room for improvement when it comes to dealing with communication in the social media spectrum? How is social media impacting\u00a0younger\u00a0generation\u2019s communication versus\u00a0older\u00a0generation\u2019s communication? How can we help improve our communication skills on social media and in\u00a0real life?\r\n

Personal\u00a0Research\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\r\nAlong with the other studies that I found from the sources I\u00a0chose,\u00a0I also conducted my own study to determine more accurate and recent data. I asked\u00a0students mostly within high school and college range questions relating to social media and communication.\u00a0I tried to get a wide range of data dealing with social media apps, screen time, and overall communication as a result of social media. I expected to see almost all negative responses about social media and communication. I figured that most people would respond saying that it has affected them negatively rather than positively, but the results were different compared to what I expected.\r\n\r\nThe first questions I asked had to do with social media itself. I asked questions about their most used social media apps, screen time, what age they were allowed to start using social media,\u00a0and\u00a0whether or not\u00a0they think social media has had a negative or positive impact on them.\u00a0As expected, most of the social media apps were some of the most popular ones like Snapchat, Instagram, and\u00a0TikTok.\u00a0Overall, the average screen time for all apps was evenly split between 4-6 and 6-8 hours, which I also expected. Something\u00a0that did surprise me was the amount of time spent on certain social media apps. The data was split\u00a0pretty evenly\u00a0three ways and all between 1-4 hours.\u00a0The\u00a0next two questions dealt with when they group surveyed started using social media. I asked these questions because a lot of the points I want to discuss later in my paper\u00a0have to\u00a0deal with age and whether younger generations are suffering when it comes to communication.\u00a0More than half the people surveyed said that they wished that they had waited to get social media until they were older. Some said that it is not appropriate for younger kids and that\u00a0it is just toxic in general. Something that I really like that a couple people mentioned was\u00a0that in reality, social\u00a0media at a young age is stupid and useless. A lot of people said they wish they would have enjoyed their childhood more and they would be\u00a0more extroverted now if they had not been exposed that early. The last question of this section that I asked was if they thought social media has had a\u00a0more positive or negative impact on them.\u00a0Overall, the data was split but leaning slightly towards the more positive side. The positive answers mostly dealt with being able to talk to stay in contact with\u00a0people and meeting new friends. The negative answers all related to mental health and feeling bad about themselves. A lot of people said it is toxic and very controlling and takes up too much of our time.\r\n\r\nThe next set of questions I asked had to do more with communication\u00a0and interaction with and without social media. I asked questions like how they feel about social media and how it has impacted their communication, their mental health, and if it has made our lives easier.\u00a0I decided to ask questions like these because I figured I would get a wide range of responses and a lot of people\u2019s different opinions. I started off by asking if people are an introvert or an extrovert to get an idea of what the responses would be like, and 66% said somewhere in between the two. The response\u00a0for\u00a0the next question really shocked me because I received such a one-side\u00a0response. I asked if they think social media has impacted their communication and the way they interact with others and 75% (18\/24 people) said yes.\u00a0This is the information that I was looking for along with the next two questions. The next question asked if they think social media has negatively impacted their mental health and 50% said yes.\u00a0I also plan on using this as a research question to show that social media can affect our mental health and therefore affect the way we interact with and around other people.\u00a0The last two questions are\u00a0similar\u00a0but the responses were both very good.\u00a0Almost everyone answered yes to the question asking if social media has made our lives easier. Everyone that answered yes said they think so because it helps them talk to friends, stay in touch with people they do not see as much, and meet new people that they are comfortable talking to. The people that said no also made good points such as it takes over our lives and it is filled with too much hate and cancel culture. I agree with both sides and am very happy that people can feel a positive\u00a0response especially when it comes to communicating with other people online. The last question I asked was used to wrap up the whole survey and topic.\u00a0I asked if they think social media has made our generation\u2019s communication improve or worsen. The data was\u00a0pretty evenly\u00a0split, and most people gave a positive and a negative. The people that said improve gave that answer because they said it broadens our communication and allows us to talk to people at a wider range. The people who said it has made it worse all said that it is ruining our\u00a0face-to-face\u00a0interaction\u00a0and causing us to lose emotion.\u00a0They said that some people do not even know how to have a proper in person conversation and that they\u00a0are too dependent on their phones. Overall, I agree with both arguments that people made but I do think that the positives\u00a0outweigh\u00a0the negatives in most of these situations and questions.\r\n

Research Questions<\/strong><\/h1>\r\nThe first question I want to ask\u00a0has to\u00a0deal with the overall social media and communication connection and has multiple other questions I would like to cover within it. The main\u00a0question is: Is social media hindering the way we communicate with each other? I also want to touch on questions like: Is social media impacting us in a positive or negative way? Do the positives outweigh the negatives? The second\u00a0set of research questions I have is:\u00a0Is their more room for improvement when it comes to dealing with communication in the social media spectrum? How can we help improve our communication skills on social media and in\u00a0real life?\u00a0How is social media impacting younger generation\u2019s communication versus older generation\u2019s communication?\r\n

Research Question One<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nSocial media and communication have a direct connection to\u00a0each other\u00a0and both have a strong impact on the outcome of the other.\u00a0My first research question has to do with that. My questions\u00a0center\u00a0around how social media has impacted our communication, and\u00a0whether or not\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0positive or negative.\u00a0First, I think it is important to note the changes and different characteristics that come into play when talking about this.\u00a0Things like age and problems going on in our world can affect our social media usage and communication.\u00a0While we connect to people on a deeper level when talking to the in person, social media has also given us a newer and more broad way of communicating. The article \u201cHow Social Media Affects Our Ability to Communicate\u201d by Stacey Hanke, talks about different\u00a0ways social media has impacted our communication. Social media has become so relevant in our\u00a0day to day\u00a0lives and\u00a0Hanke describes it in a\u00a0couple\u00a0different ways. She describes it as information binging and the fear of missing out, social graces and conversational boredom.\u00a0Within these, she explains how social media has become an excuse and escape to talk to people face to face. Hanke also talks about how even though it is limiting\u00a0our\u00a0in person\u00a0communication, it can sometimes make communicating in general easier, by being able to talk to each other in just a few words (Hanke 1).\u00a0In another article by Ryan J. Fuller titled \u201cThe Impact of Social Media Use on Our Social Skills\u201d, he discusses similar topics to\u00a0Hanke\u2019s article but also brings up more positive attributes of social media.\u00a0Fuller starts of his article by giving some statistics, stating that 75% of teens own cellphones and 25% of them using it for social media,\u00a0and also\u00a0says that they use 7.5 hours a day using it (Fuller 1). I am glad that this was brought up because it is important to know how much time is spent on social media, scrolling through feed. Next, Fuller starts to discuss some of the benefits of social media. He briefly explains how social media is beneficial because we\u00a0are able to\u00a0stay in touch with our friends and\u00a0family, and\u00a0share important parts of our lives with them. He also explains how it helps people reach out to new friends and provide themselves with more opportunities (Fuller 1). Overall, I really like that he mentioned these because it is important to keep in mind\u00a0the vast majority of\u00a0social media and communication. While some use it for\u00a0more\u00a0simpler\u00a0purposes likes just keeping up to date with what is going on in the world, others use it to make new friends, find new job\u00a0opportunities,\u00a0and\u00a0stay\u00a0in touch with people.\u00a0Another topic I find important when it comes to answering this research question is how Covid\u00a0affected\u00a0everything. With the pandemic, we were\u00a0left inside with nothing to do but what was at our fingertips.\u00a0This pandemic increased social media usage drastically.\u00a0The article \u201cSocial Media Insights\u00a0Into\u00a0US Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Analysis of Twitter Data\u201d by Danny Valdez et al, shows extensive research into determining just how much social media usage in the United States increased during the pandemic. They did\u00a0experiments\u00a0and surveys to determine multiple responses to research questions and show how much we rely on social media to communicate with each other.\u00a0During the pandemic, everyone spent more time on their social media and their\u00a0phone\u00a0in general, probably more than they would like to admit. The article\u00a0helps give more insight into this claim. There is the idea that social media was meant as an addition to our lives. For some people, it has become an addiction and a new piece of their life.\u00a0The article focuses on how social media could be a toxic place and have a negative effect on our mental health. The time period for this information focuses around the\u00a0COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from Twitter, Valdez\u00a0created a\u00a0study to determine the mood of people during the pandemic and the usage throughout\u00a0(Valdez et al 2).\u00a0Collecting\u00a0tweets with certain hashtags and during time periods, the goal was to determine how much the pandemic affected people\u2019s moods, and how much they put out and shared on social media.\u00a0They used hashtags, timeline data, and tweets from different periods such as the first lockdown, different stay at home orders, etc.\u00a0Given the responses to the data, they were able to determine the increase in social media usage. We cannot determine if this had a positive or negative effect on the people who were using Twitter, but we can infer that social media is becoming a key part of\u00a0our lives. Not being able to talk to people as much in person during the first few months of the\u00a0pandemic greatly affected communication, in positive and negative ways.\u00a0Communication over the phone increased due to the amount of free time that people had and were able to spend talking to others. Contrary to that,\u00a0in person communication also decreased given that people were not really allowed to leave the house.\u00a0The next article by Tayebi et al, \u201cThe Role of Information Systems in Communication Through Social Media\u201d focuses a lot about how we have evolved over time with social media and communication. They start\u00a0off by talking about how social networks are like social media societies. They explain it by resembling it to a\u00a0human society, as it is filled with people communicating,\u00a0regardless of time or place. They also exemplify other aspects such as emotional support, information, emotions (Tayebi 2).\u00a0Social media is constantly looked at through such a negative light due to some of the major bad events that have taken place. While it can be difficult at times to look past the negatives,\u00a0it is important to recognize and acknowledge the positives. The growth of scientific research would not be possible without the amount of information received from the media (Tayebi 3).\u00a0Without social media and media in general, we would not be where we are today as a society. As mentioned earlier, it is so easy to get lost in the negative aspects of social media and discard the positive ones. Positive parts of social media such\u00a0as widespread communication and unlimited access to information\u00a0makes\u00a0it all worth it.\u00a0Staying on topic with positive aspects of social media and communication,\u00a0social media in the workplace has also\u00a0broken down\u00a0barriers for communication. The article \u201cA Guide to the Successful Use of Social Media in the Workplace\u201d by Clark Boyd\u00a0gives insight into how social media has improved the\u00a0workplace, and ultimately communication and\u00a0interaction as a whole.\u00a0Companies can use social media as a form of branding and way to communicate their products (Boyd\u00a04).\u00a0Boyd states, \u201cHarvard Business Review finds that 82% of employees believe social media improves work relationships. Left to their own devices, your teams will connect and communicate on social networks, both inside and outside the office.\u201d This directly relates to the research question asking whether social media hinders our communication with each other.\u00a0Social media also helps when it comes to dealing with complaints placed online. By seeing these through social media, it can help the company communicate either with the person or their company the concerns that are being stated (Boyd 9).\u00a0Overall, it is safe to say that social media has directly affected communication throughout different aspects of our lives.\r\n

Research Question Two<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nMy second set of research questions has a lot to do with the future and how we can improve. Questions\u00a0such as:\u00a0Is their more room for improvement when it comes to dealing with communication in the social media spectrum? How can we help improve our communication skills on social media and in\u00a0real life?\u00a0How is social media impacting\u00a0younger\u00a0generation\u2019s communication versus\u00a0older\u00a0generation\u2019s communication?\u00a0The article \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d by James Paul Gee talks a lot about the basics of communication. I find this an important article to talk about before I go into more detail with this second research question.\u00a0Gee explains discourse as a socially accepted way of speaking, thinking, and acting (Gee 1). It is important to note this because social media has changed that discourse for us. We no longer communicate and interact the same way in which we\u00a0use\u00a0to therefore almost giving us a new discourse. Another thing Gee discusses is identity kits. Gee explains identity kits as\u00a0\u201cappropriate costumes and instructions on how to act and talk\u201d (Gee 2). This relates to social media because there is a certain\u00a0way\u00a0we communicate online that we wouldn\u2019t do in person. For example, we use emojis\u00a0and abbreviations to communicate on social media or over text, but this is something we would not do when communicating face-to-face. There\u00a0are\u00a0also some basic\u00a0well-known\u00a0rules of social media that follow along the lines of an identity kit. Such as, for Instagram it is a common idea not to like people\u2019s pictures from too long ago. When you say this aloud it sounds like it is not\u00a0a big deal and silly almost, but for people that use social media it is something that makes sense.\u00a0The next article is going to focus more on the question that has to do with room for improvement\u00a0of communication. The article \u201cThe Positive Effect of Not Following Others on Social Media\u201d by\u00a0Francesca Valsesia, Davide Proserpio, and Joseph C. Nunes involves how we deal with social media and how we react to it.\u00a0The article has a lot to do with pyramid schemes and marketing schemes on social media, simply due to follower count.\u00a0Social media has a lot of power over us and the content we see. Influencers have too much impact on what we see every\u00a0day and\u00a0this\u00a0overall effects\u00a0our communication (Valsesia 1). Social media feeds us information at our fingertips, whether it be true or false.\u00a0Valsesia is trying to get the point across that social media has no impact on our lives without the phone and therefore, having a smaller follower count is better for our communication and overall wellbeing in the first place.\u00a0Leading into my next article, social media can have a huge impact on the younger generation. This leads\u00a0into\u00a0part of my second research question dealing with the younger generation and their communication.\u00a0The article \u201cThe Impact of Social Media on Youth Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities\u201d by Jacqueline Nesi shows how\u00a0social media is a very complex brand of information and makes it complicated for everyone. Younger kids having access to it and\u00a0multiple\u00a0devices like computers\u00a0and phones makes it that much more difficult. There are a lot of positives and negatives for\u00a0younger kids having access to social media and the internet in general. It has an impact on their mental health and studies show it leads to signs of depression, body\u00a0dysmorphia,\u00a0eating disorders (Nesi 2). It can also affect their communication and outward identity due to things such as bullying, internet drama, and behavioral problems. While\u00a0it does have serious negative risks, social media also can bring a lot of new positive ones. Things like creative ideas, humor and entertainment, and being able to explore their identity are all\u00a0really great\u00a0positives that social media gives us\u00a0(Nesi 4). Most of them\u00a0using\u00a0it\u00a0as a way to\u00a0connect with friends and family and help them feel a sense of acceptance\u00a0and belonging (Nesi 4).\u00a0Similarly\u00a0to this, social media has given a great outlet for kids and young adults to speak out on issues going on in the world. The article \u201cBuilding Bridges: Exploring the Communication Trends and Perceived Sociopolitical Benefits of Adolescents Engaging in Online Social Justice Efforts\u201d by Mariah Elsa Kornbluh goes into detail about the racial injustices in the world and how they are communicated through social media.\u00a0Social media networks can help connect kids to different backgrounds and aspects of their lives (Kornbluh 1).\u00a0Kornbluh expresses how a society\u00a0only can\u00a0flourish under civic engagement and being able to express ourselves, and social media is helping us do that. It is helping the younger generation prepare for the civic role that they will undergo (Kornbluh 2). Social media helps play a major role in participating in political movements and bringing awareness to topics\u00a0(Kornbluh 3). This\u00a0all is\u00a0done by the younger generation and would not be possible without them. So,\u00a0while it is easy to look at the negative parts of\u00a0social media and how it\u00a0effects\u00a0the younger generation, it also brings great awareness\u00a0to\u00a0real life problems in our world. This last article I wanted to go over dealing with this research question has to do with the pandemic. The article \u201cResponses to COVID-19 in Higher Education: Social Media Usage for Sustaining Formal Academic Communication in Developing Countries\u201d by Abu\u00a0Elnasr\u00a0E.\u00a0Sobaih, Ahmed M.\u00a0Hasanein\u00a0and Ahmed E. Abu\u00a0Elnasr\u00a0briefly talks about communication with social media in higher education systems.\u00a0Education systems had to switch from\u00a0in person learning and communication to online learning, which was a struggle for everyone. Throughout the time that this took place,\u00a0results showed that social media had a positive effect on students dealing with this (Sobaih\u00a01). Students used social media to build a community and help support each other through this rough time.\u00a0Through these results, proper usage of social media can be shown as a\u00a0positive result\u00a0for a new era of learning (Sobaih\u00a01).\u00a0This is just one more reason why social media can help us improve our future.\r\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/h1>\r\nAfter answering my research questions, it has become clear to me that while social media does have negative aspects, the positive aspects outweigh them. Between the articles and my own research, I have enough\u00a0evidence to prove that social media does\u00a0effect\u00a0communication, but in a more positive way. The way we act and present ourselves is heavily influenced by social media and communication between generations\u00a0are\u00a0different and can be seen that way. It is important to note the\u00a0accomplishments\u00a0we have made as a society with social media and the media in\u00a0general. It has helped connect families, provide support groups, and\u00a0provide entertainment in desperate times.\u00a0Our communication has changed because of social media but has changed and helped us for the better in the long run.\u00a0Keeping social\u00a0media\u00a0a positive place and staying away from\u00a0the toxic\u00a0people on it will only help us grow and learn new things about ourselves.\r\n

Works Cited<\/p>\r\nBoyd, Clark. \u201cA Guide to Using Social Media in the Workplace in 2021.\u201d\u00a0The Blueprint<\/em>, The Blueprint, 13 May 2020,\u00a0www.fool.com\/the-blueprint\/social-media-in-the-workplace\/.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.fool.com\/the-blueprint\/social-media-in-the-workplace\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nD, Valdez, et al. \u201cSocial Media Insights\u00a0Into\u00a0US Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Analysis of Twitter Data.\u201d\u00a0Journal of Medical Internet\u00a0Research\u00a0<\/em>,\u00a0vol. 22, no. 12, 14 Dec. 2020, pp. 1438\u20138871.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/eds\/detail\/detail? <\/a>vid=8&sid=ff59b04c-b868-44cd-b864-4538e112a2ea%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=33284783&db=mnh\r\n\r\nJ, Nesi. \u201cThe Impact of Social Media on Youth Health: Challenges and Opportunities.\u201d\u00a0North Carolina Medical Journal<\/em>, vol. 81, no. 2, 2020, pp. 116\u2013121.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/eds\/detail\/detail?vid=10&sid=ff59b04c-b868-44cd-b864-4538e112a2ea%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=32132255&db=mnh<\/a>\r\n\r\nGee, James Paul. \"What is literacy.\"\u00a0Negotiating academic literacies: Teaching and learning\u00a0<\/em> across languages and cultures<\/em>\u00a0(1998): 51-59.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/academic.jamespaulgee.com\/pdfs\/Gee%20What%20is%20Literacy.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\nHanke, Stacey. \u201cHow Social Media Affects Our Ability to Communicate.\u201d\u00a0Thrive Global<\/em>, 13\u00a0 Sept. 2018, thriveglobal.com\/stories\/how-social-media-affects-our-ability-to-communicate\/.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/thriveglobal.com\/stories\/how-social-media-affects-our-ability-to-communicate\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nJ, Nesi. \u201cThe Impact of Social Media on Youth Health: Challenges and Opportunities.\u201d\u00a0North Carolina Medical Journal<\/em>, vol. 81, no. 2, 2020, pp. 116\u2013121.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/eds\/pdfviewer\/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=467b825c-34f8-4e47-95df-e5b2b61bbaf4%40sessionmgr4006<\/a>\r\n\r\nKornbluh, Mariah Elsa. \u201cBuilding Bridges.\u201d\u00a0Youth & Society<\/em>, vol. 51, no. 8, 2017, pp. 1104\u20131126., doi:10.1177\/0044118x17723656.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/journals-sagepub-com.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0044118X17723656<\/a>\r\n\r\nRetchin, Sarah, et al. \u201cThe Impact of Social Media Use on Social Skills.\u201d\u00a0New York Behavioral Health<\/em>, 1 Dec. 2020, newyorkbehavioralhealth.com\/the-impact-of-social-media-use-on-social-skills\/.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/newyorkbehavioralhealth.com\/the-impact-of-social-media-use-on-social-skills\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nSobaih, Abu\u00a0Elnasr\u00a0E., et al. \u201cResponses to COVID-19 in Higher Education: Social Media Usage for Sustaining Formal Academic Communication in Developing Countries.\u201d\u00a0MDPI<\/em>, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 12 Aug. 2020,\u00a0www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/16\/6520\/htm.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/16\/6520\/htm<\/a>\r\n\r\nTayeb, Seyed Mohammad, et al. \u201cThe Role of Information Systems in Communication through Social Media.\u201d\u00a0International Journal of Data and Network Science<\/em>, vol. 3, no. 3, 2019, pp. 245\u2013268.,\u00a0doi:10.5267\/j.ijdns.2019.2.002.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.growingscience.com\/ijds\/Vol3\/ijdns_2019_15.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\nValsesia, Francesca, et al. \u201cThe Positive Effect of Not Following Others on Social\u00a0Media .\u201d\u00a0Journal of Marketing\u00a0Research\u00a0<\/em>,\u00a0vol. 57, no. 6, Dec. 2020, pp. 1152\u20131168.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.francescavalsesia.com\/uploads\/1\/0\/5\/1\/105151509\/the_positive_effect_of_not_following_others_on_social_media.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n ","rendered":"

English 102, April 2021<\/h3>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Communication is extremely important in today\u2019s world, whether it be verbal\u00a0or nonverbal. It can take place through many different forms such as through writing, speaking,\u00a0listening\u00a0and physical actions.\u00a0These forms of communication evolve and\u00a0continue to improve over time. As humans, we rely on communication\u00a0for almost everything and it is a way of life. Communication has evolved from talking to writing letters to texting or talking over the phone. Every\u00a0time a new form of communication is brought up and becomes more popular,\u00a0we\u00a0have\u00a0to\u00a0adapt\u00a0and\u00a0evolve\u00a0to\u00a0that\u00a0new\u00a0lifestyle.\u00a0Throughout all the new forms of communication and ways of evolving, social media has been one of the\u00a0most influential so far.\u00a0Social media has allowed us to create new ways of communicating, such as texting or posting through different apps.\u00a0It can connect us with people all over the world and give us a platform to express ourselves in ways that have not been possible before.\u00a0While social media started off as a small form of technology, it has morphed into aspects of our everyday life.\u00a0Now there are apps for everything from social media profiles to online shopping. While social media and technology itself\u00a0has\u00a0evolved,\u00a0this has also affected our communication with each other and the world. Social media has created a fast track for information in a matter of seconds. It can give people\u00a0a platform with millions of followers overnight for doing practically anything.\u00a0It can help people express themselves in new ways and connect with people who have similar interests.\u00a0The end goal of social media is to make people happy and ultimately make lives easier.<\/p>\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/h1>\n

With\u00a0all this being said, it\u00a0is evident that social media is in our everyday lives and will continue to change. It has a very strong\u00a0grip on society as social media usage continues to rise throughout the years.\u00a0Generalizing social media, we are exposed to forms of media at almost all times of the day.\u00a0Answering the question of what\u00a0media\u00a0is will help give a better understanding of social\u00a0media as a whole. Media can be defined as a\u00a0way of mass communication.\u00a0This could include\u00a0siting in the car listening to ads on the radio all the way to\u00a0scrolling on twitter. We are exposed to social media less often than generalized media, but it\u00a0tends to come in greater quantities when exposed. For example, for people that wake up and check twitter\u00a0it is an instant flood of information with every scroll.\u00a0Everything from politics to sports to celebrity news is available at the fingertips. The concern is not all focused on the overwhelming information, but also the overwhelming number of comments and opinions. If we wanted to debate or talk about something before social media it had to be done in person, face to face. Now with social media, we\u00a0are able to\u00a0fight with people in comment sections on a backup account with a different name and no connection to who we really are. This new form of communication takes away the vulnerability of\u00a0speaking to people and having genuine\u00a0conversation, and\u00a0makes up for it in internet trolls.\u00a0Overall, social media is\u00a0impacting\u00a0the way we communicate with\u00a0each other\u00a0and the real questions are: Is social media impacting us in a positive or negative way? Do the positive\u00a0aspects outweigh the negative aspects? Is social media hindering the way we communicate in person with each other? Is their more room for improvement when it comes to dealing with communication in the social media spectrum? How is social media impacting\u00a0younger\u00a0generation\u2019s communication versus\u00a0older\u00a0generation\u2019s communication? How can we help improve our communication skills on social media and in\u00a0real life?<\/p>\n

Personal\u00a0Research\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Along with the other studies that I found from the sources I\u00a0chose,\u00a0I also conducted my own study to determine more accurate and recent data. I asked\u00a0students mostly within high school and college range questions relating to social media and communication.\u00a0I tried to get a wide range of data dealing with social media apps, screen time, and overall communication as a result of social media. I expected to see almost all negative responses about social media and communication. I figured that most people would respond saying that it has affected them negatively rather than positively, but the results were different compared to what I expected.<\/p>\n

The first questions I asked had to do with social media itself. I asked questions about their most used social media apps, screen time, what age they were allowed to start using social media,\u00a0and\u00a0whether or not\u00a0they think social media has had a negative or positive impact on them.\u00a0As expected, most of the social media apps were some of the most popular ones like Snapchat, Instagram, and\u00a0TikTok.\u00a0Overall, the average screen time for all apps was evenly split between 4-6 and 6-8 hours, which I also expected. Something\u00a0that did surprise me was the amount of time spent on certain social media apps. The data was split\u00a0pretty evenly\u00a0three ways and all between 1-4 hours.\u00a0The\u00a0next two questions dealt with when they group surveyed started using social media. I asked these questions because a lot of the points I want to discuss later in my paper\u00a0have to\u00a0deal with age and whether younger generations are suffering when it comes to communication.\u00a0More than half the people surveyed said that they wished that they had waited to get social media until they were older. Some said that it is not appropriate for younger kids and that\u00a0it is just toxic in general. Something that I really like that a couple people mentioned was\u00a0that in reality, social\u00a0media at a young age is stupid and useless. A lot of people said they wish they would have enjoyed their childhood more and they would be\u00a0more extroverted now if they had not been exposed that early. The last question of this section that I asked was if they thought social media has had a\u00a0more positive or negative impact on them.\u00a0Overall, the data was split but leaning slightly towards the more positive side. The positive answers mostly dealt with being able to talk to stay in contact with\u00a0people and meeting new friends. The negative answers all related to mental health and feeling bad about themselves. A lot of people said it is toxic and very controlling and takes up too much of our time.<\/p>\n

The next set of questions I asked had to do more with communication\u00a0and interaction with and without social media. I asked questions like how they feel about social media and how it has impacted their communication, their mental health, and if it has made our lives easier.\u00a0I decided to ask questions like these because I figured I would get a wide range of responses and a lot of people\u2019s different opinions. I started off by asking if people are an introvert or an extrovert to get an idea of what the responses would be like, and 66% said somewhere in between the two. The response\u00a0for\u00a0the next question really shocked me because I received such a one-side\u00a0response. I asked if they think social media has impacted their communication and the way they interact with others and 75% (18\/24 people) said yes.\u00a0This is the information that I was looking for along with the next two questions. The next question asked if they think social media has negatively impacted their mental health and 50% said yes.\u00a0I also plan on using this as a research question to show that social media can affect our mental health and therefore affect the way we interact with and around other people.\u00a0The last two questions are\u00a0similar\u00a0but the responses were both very good.\u00a0Almost everyone answered yes to the question asking if social media has made our lives easier. Everyone that answered yes said they think so because it helps them talk to friends, stay in touch with people they do not see as much, and meet new people that they are comfortable talking to. The people that said no also made good points such as it takes over our lives and it is filled with too much hate and cancel culture. I agree with both sides and am very happy that people can feel a positive\u00a0response especially when it comes to communicating with other people online. The last question I asked was used to wrap up the whole survey and topic.\u00a0I asked if they think social media has made our generation\u2019s communication improve or worsen. The data was\u00a0pretty evenly\u00a0split, and most people gave a positive and a negative. The people that said improve gave that answer because they said it broadens our communication and allows us to talk to people at a wider range. The people who said it has made it worse all said that it is ruining our\u00a0face-to-face\u00a0interaction\u00a0and causing us to lose emotion.\u00a0They said that some people do not even know how to have a proper in person conversation and that they\u00a0are too dependent on their phones. Overall, I agree with both arguments that people made but I do think that the positives\u00a0outweigh\u00a0the negatives in most of these situations and questions.<\/p>\n

Research Questions<\/strong><\/h1>\n

The first question I want to ask\u00a0has to\u00a0deal with the overall social media and communication connection and has multiple other questions I would like to cover within it. The main\u00a0question is: Is social media hindering the way we communicate with each other? I also want to touch on questions like: Is social media impacting us in a positive or negative way? Do the positives outweigh the negatives? The second\u00a0set of research questions I have is:\u00a0Is their more room for improvement when it comes to dealing with communication in the social media spectrum? How can we help improve our communication skills on social media and in\u00a0real life?\u00a0How is social media impacting younger generation\u2019s communication versus older generation\u2019s communication?<\/p>\n

Research Question One<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Social media and communication have a direct connection to\u00a0each other\u00a0and both have a strong impact on the outcome of the other.\u00a0My first research question has to do with that. My questions\u00a0center\u00a0around how social media has impacted our communication, and\u00a0whether or not\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0positive or negative.\u00a0First, I think it is important to note the changes and different characteristics that come into play when talking about this.\u00a0Things like age and problems going on in our world can affect our social media usage and communication.\u00a0While we connect to people on a deeper level when talking to the in person, social media has also given us a newer and more broad way of communicating. The article \u201cHow Social Media Affects Our Ability to Communicate\u201d by Stacey Hanke, talks about different\u00a0ways social media has impacted our communication. Social media has become so relevant in our\u00a0day to day\u00a0lives and\u00a0Hanke describes it in a\u00a0couple\u00a0different ways. She describes it as information binging and the fear of missing out, social graces and conversational boredom.\u00a0Within these, she explains how social media has become an excuse and escape to talk to people face to face. Hanke also talks about how even though it is limiting\u00a0our\u00a0in person\u00a0communication, it can sometimes make communicating in general easier, by being able to talk to each other in just a few words (Hanke 1).\u00a0In another article by Ryan J. Fuller titled \u201cThe Impact of Social Media Use on Our Social Skills\u201d, he discusses similar topics to\u00a0Hanke\u2019s article but also brings up more positive attributes of social media.\u00a0Fuller starts of his article by giving some statistics, stating that 75% of teens own cellphones and 25% of them using it for social media,\u00a0and also\u00a0says that they use 7.5 hours a day using it (Fuller 1). I am glad that this was brought up because it is important to know how much time is spent on social media, scrolling through feed. Next, Fuller starts to discuss some of the benefits of social media. He briefly explains how social media is beneficial because we\u00a0are able to\u00a0stay in touch with our friends and\u00a0family, and\u00a0share important parts of our lives with them. He also explains how it helps people reach out to new friends and provide themselves with more opportunities (Fuller 1). Overall, I really like that he mentioned these because it is important to keep in mind\u00a0the vast majority of\u00a0social media and communication. While some use it for\u00a0more\u00a0simpler\u00a0purposes likes just keeping up to date with what is going on in the world, others use it to make new friends, find new job\u00a0opportunities,\u00a0and\u00a0stay\u00a0in touch with people.\u00a0Another topic I find important when it comes to answering this research question is how Covid\u00a0affected\u00a0everything. With the pandemic, we were\u00a0left inside with nothing to do but what was at our fingertips.\u00a0This pandemic increased social media usage drastically.\u00a0The article \u201cSocial Media Insights\u00a0Into\u00a0US Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Analysis of Twitter Data\u201d by Danny Valdez et al, shows extensive research into determining just how much social media usage in the United States increased during the pandemic. They did\u00a0experiments\u00a0and surveys to determine multiple responses to research questions and show how much we rely on social media to communicate with each other.\u00a0During the pandemic, everyone spent more time on their social media and their\u00a0phone\u00a0in general, probably more than they would like to admit. The article\u00a0helps give more insight into this claim. There is the idea that social media was meant as an addition to our lives. For some people, it has become an addiction and a new piece of their life.\u00a0The article focuses on how social media could be a toxic place and have a negative effect on our mental health. The time period for this information focuses around the\u00a0COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from Twitter, Valdez\u00a0created a\u00a0study to determine the mood of people during the pandemic and the usage throughout\u00a0(Valdez et al 2).\u00a0Collecting\u00a0tweets with certain hashtags and during time periods, the goal was to determine how much the pandemic affected people\u2019s moods, and how much they put out and shared on social media.\u00a0They used hashtags, timeline data, and tweets from different periods such as the first lockdown, different stay at home orders, etc.\u00a0Given the responses to the data, they were able to determine the increase in social media usage. We cannot determine if this had a positive or negative effect on the people who were using Twitter, but we can infer that social media is becoming a key part of\u00a0our lives. Not being able to talk to people as much in person during the first few months of the\u00a0pandemic greatly affected communication, in positive and negative ways.\u00a0Communication over the phone increased due to the amount of free time that people had and were able to spend talking to others. Contrary to that,\u00a0in person communication also decreased given that people were not really allowed to leave the house.\u00a0The next article by Tayebi et al, \u201cThe Role of Information Systems in Communication Through Social Media\u201d focuses a lot about how we have evolved over time with social media and communication. They start\u00a0off by talking about how social networks are like social media societies. They explain it by resembling it to a\u00a0human society, as it is filled with people communicating,\u00a0regardless of time or place. They also exemplify other aspects such as emotional support, information, emotions (Tayebi 2).\u00a0Social media is constantly looked at through such a negative light due to some of the major bad events that have taken place. While it can be difficult at times to look past the negatives,\u00a0it is important to recognize and acknowledge the positives. The growth of scientific research would not be possible without the amount of information received from the media (Tayebi 3).\u00a0Without social media and media in general, we would not be where we are today as a society. As mentioned earlier, it is so easy to get lost in the negative aspects of social media and discard the positive ones. Positive parts of social media such\u00a0as widespread communication and unlimited access to information\u00a0makes\u00a0it all worth it.\u00a0Staying on topic with positive aspects of social media and communication,\u00a0social media in the workplace has also\u00a0broken down\u00a0barriers for communication. The article \u201cA Guide to the Successful Use of Social Media in the Workplace\u201d by Clark Boyd\u00a0gives insight into how social media has improved the\u00a0workplace, and ultimately communication and\u00a0interaction as a whole.\u00a0Companies can use social media as a form of branding and way to communicate their products (Boyd\u00a04).\u00a0Boyd states, \u201cHarvard Business Review finds that 82% of employees believe social media improves work relationships. Left to their own devices, your teams will connect and communicate on social networks, both inside and outside the office.\u201d This directly relates to the research question asking whether social media hinders our communication with each other.\u00a0Social media also helps when it comes to dealing with complaints placed online. By seeing these through social media, it can help the company communicate either with the person or their company the concerns that are being stated (Boyd 9).\u00a0Overall, it is safe to say that social media has directly affected communication throughout different aspects of our lives.<\/p>\n

Research Question Two<\/strong><\/h2>\n

My second set of research questions has a lot to do with the future and how we can improve. Questions\u00a0such as:\u00a0Is their more room for improvement when it comes to dealing with communication in the social media spectrum? How can we help improve our communication skills on social media and in\u00a0real life?\u00a0How is social media impacting\u00a0younger\u00a0generation\u2019s communication versus\u00a0older\u00a0generation\u2019s communication?\u00a0The article \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d by James Paul Gee talks a lot about the basics of communication. I find this an important article to talk about before I go into more detail with this second research question.\u00a0Gee explains discourse as a socially accepted way of speaking, thinking, and acting (Gee 1). It is important to note this because social media has changed that discourse for us. We no longer communicate and interact the same way in which we\u00a0use\u00a0to therefore almost giving us a new discourse. Another thing Gee discusses is identity kits. Gee explains identity kits as\u00a0\u201cappropriate costumes and instructions on how to act and talk\u201d (Gee 2). This relates to social media because there is a certain\u00a0way\u00a0we communicate online that we wouldn\u2019t do in person. For example, we use emojis\u00a0and abbreviations to communicate on social media or over text, but this is something we would not do when communicating face-to-face. There\u00a0are\u00a0also some basic\u00a0well-known\u00a0rules of social media that follow along the lines of an identity kit. Such as, for Instagram it is a common idea not to like people\u2019s pictures from too long ago. When you say this aloud it sounds like it is not\u00a0a big deal and silly almost, but for people that use social media it is something that makes sense.\u00a0The next article is going to focus more on the question that has to do with room for improvement\u00a0of communication. The article \u201cThe Positive Effect of Not Following Others on Social Media\u201d by\u00a0Francesca Valsesia, Davide Proserpio, and Joseph C. Nunes involves how we deal with social media and how we react to it.\u00a0The article has a lot to do with pyramid schemes and marketing schemes on social media, simply due to follower count.\u00a0Social media has a lot of power over us and the content we see. Influencers have too much impact on what we see every\u00a0day and\u00a0this\u00a0overall effects\u00a0our communication (Valsesia 1). Social media feeds us information at our fingertips, whether it be true or false.\u00a0Valsesia is trying to get the point across that social media has no impact on our lives without the phone and therefore, having a smaller follower count is better for our communication and overall wellbeing in the first place.\u00a0Leading into my next article, social media can have a huge impact on the younger generation. This leads\u00a0into\u00a0part of my second research question dealing with the younger generation and their communication.\u00a0The article \u201cThe Impact of Social Media on Youth Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities\u201d by Jacqueline Nesi shows how\u00a0social media is a very complex brand of information and makes it complicated for everyone. Younger kids having access to it and\u00a0multiple\u00a0devices like computers\u00a0and phones makes it that much more difficult. There are a lot of positives and negatives for\u00a0younger kids having access to social media and the internet in general. It has an impact on their mental health and studies show it leads to signs of depression, body\u00a0dysmorphia,\u00a0eating disorders (Nesi 2). It can also affect their communication and outward identity due to things such as bullying, internet drama, and behavioral problems. While\u00a0it does have serious negative risks, social media also can bring a lot of new positive ones. Things like creative ideas, humor and entertainment, and being able to explore their identity are all\u00a0really great\u00a0positives that social media gives us\u00a0(Nesi 4). Most of them\u00a0using\u00a0it\u00a0as a way to\u00a0connect with friends and family and help them feel a sense of acceptance\u00a0and belonging (Nesi 4).\u00a0Similarly\u00a0to this, social media has given a great outlet for kids and young adults to speak out on issues going on in the world. The article \u201cBuilding Bridges: Exploring the Communication Trends and Perceived Sociopolitical Benefits of Adolescents Engaging in Online Social Justice Efforts\u201d by Mariah Elsa Kornbluh goes into detail about the racial injustices in the world and how they are communicated through social media.\u00a0Social media networks can help connect kids to different backgrounds and aspects of their lives (Kornbluh 1).\u00a0Kornbluh expresses how a society\u00a0only can\u00a0flourish under civic engagement and being able to express ourselves, and social media is helping us do that. It is helping the younger generation prepare for the civic role that they will undergo (Kornbluh 2). Social media helps play a major role in participating in political movements and bringing awareness to topics\u00a0(Kornbluh 3). This\u00a0all is\u00a0done by the younger generation and would not be possible without them. So,\u00a0while it is easy to look at the negative parts of\u00a0social media and how it\u00a0effects\u00a0the younger generation, it also brings great awareness\u00a0to\u00a0real life problems in our world. This last article I wanted to go over dealing with this research question has to do with the pandemic. The article \u201cResponses to COVID-19 in Higher Education: Social Media Usage for Sustaining Formal Academic Communication in Developing Countries\u201d by Abu\u00a0Elnasr\u00a0E.\u00a0Sobaih, Ahmed M.\u00a0Hasanein\u00a0and Ahmed E. Abu\u00a0Elnasr\u00a0briefly talks about communication with social media in higher education systems.\u00a0Education systems had to switch from\u00a0in person learning and communication to online learning, which was a struggle for everyone. Throughout the time that this took place,\u00a0results showed that social media had a positive effect on students dealing with this (Sobaih\u00a01). Students used social media to build a community and help support each other through this rough time.\u00a0Through these results, proper usage of social media can be shown as a\u00a0positive result\u00a0for a new era of learning (Sobaih\u00a01).\u00a0This is just one more reason why social media can help us improve our future.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/h1>\n

After answering my research questions, it has become clear to me that while social media does have negative aspects, the positive aspects outweigh them. Between the articles and my own research, I have enough\u00a0evidence to prove that social media does\u00a0effect\u00a0communication, but in a more positive way. The way we act and present ourselves is heavily influenced by social media and communication between generations\u00a0are\u00a0different and can be seen that way. It is important to note the\u00a0accomplishments\u00a0we have made as a society with social media and the media in\u00a0general. It has helped connect families, provide support groups, and\u00a0provide entertainment in desperate times.\u00a0Our communication has changed because of social media but has changed and helped us for the better in the long run.\u00a0Keeping social\u00a0media\u00a0a positive place and staying away from\u00a0the toxic\u00a0people on it will only help us grow and learn new things about ourselves.<\/p>\n

Works Cited<\/p>\n

Boyd, Clark. \u201cA Guide to Using Social Media in the Workplace in 2021.\u201d\u00a0The Blueprint<\/em>, The Blueprint, 13 May 2020,\u00a0www.fool.com\/the-blueprint\/social-media-in-the-workplace\/.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.fool.com\/the-blueprint\/social-media-in-the-workplace\/<\/a><\/p>\n

D, Valdez, et al. \u201cSocial Media Insights\u00a0Into\u00a0US Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Analysis of Twitter Data.\u201d\u00a0Journal of Medical Internet\u00a0Research\u00a0<\/em>,\u00a0vol. 22, no. 12, 14 Dec. 2020, pp. 1438\u20138871.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/eds\/detail\/detail? <\/a>vid=8&sid=ff59b04c-b868-44cd-b864-4538e112a2ea%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=33284783&db=mnh<\/p>\n

J, Nesi. \u201cThe Impact of Social Media on Youth Health: Challenges and Opportunities.\u201d\u00a0North Carolina Medical Journal<\/em>, vol. 81, no. 2, 2020, pp. 116\u2013121.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/eds\/detail\/detail?vid=10&sid=ff59b04c-b868-44cd-b864-4538e112a2ea%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=32132255&db=mnh<\/a><\/p>\n

Gee, James Paul. “What is literacy.”\u00a0Negotiating academic literacies: Teaching and learning\u00a0<\/em> across languages and cultures<\/em>\u00a0(1998): 51-59.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/academic.jamespaulgee.com\/pdfs\/Gee%20What%20is%20Literacy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Hanke, Stacey. \u201cHow Social Media Affects Our Ability to Communicate.\u201d\u00a0Thrive Global<\/em>, 13\u00a0 Sept. 2018, thriveglobal.com\/stories\/how-social-media-affects-our-ability-to-communicate\/.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/thriveglobal.com\/stories\/how-social-media-affects-our-ability-to-communicate\/<\/a><\/p>\n

J, Nesi. \u201cThe Impact of Social Media on Youth Health: Challenges and Opportunities.\u201d\u00a0North Carolina Medical Journal<\/em>, vol. 81, no. 2, 2020, pp. 116\u2013121.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu:2050\/eds\/pdfviewer\/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=467b825c-34f8-4e47-95df-e5b2b61bbaf4%40sessionmgr4006<\/a><\/p>\n

Kornbluh, Mariah Elsa. \u201cBuilding Bridges.\u201d\u00a0Youth & Society<\/em>, vol. 51, no. 8, 2017, pp. 1104\u20131126., doi:10.1177\/0044118×17723656.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/journals-sagepub-com.proxy.ulib.csuohio.edu\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0044118X17723656<\/a><\/p>\n

Retchin, Sarah, et al. \u201cThe Impact of Social Media Use on Social Skills.\u201d\u00a0New York Behavioral Health<\/em>, 1 Dec. 2020, newyorkbehavioralhealth.com\/the-impact-of-social-media-use-on-social-skills\/.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/newyorkbehavioralhealth.com\/the-impact-of-social-media-use-on-social-skills\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Sobaih, Abu\u00a0Elnasr\u00a0E., et al. \u201cResponses to COVID-19 in Higher Education: Social Media Usage for Sustaining Formal Academic Communication in Developing Countries.\u201d\u00a0MDPI<\/em>, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 12 Aug. 2020,\u00a0www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/16\/6520\/htm.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/16\/6520\/htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Tayeb, Seyed Mohammad, et al. \u201cThe Role of Information Systems in Communication through Social Media.\u201d\u00a0International Journal of Data and Network Science<\/em>, vol. 3, no. 3, 2019, pp. 245\u2013268.,\u00a0doi:10.5267\/j.ijdns.2019.2.002.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.growingscience.com\/ijds\/Vol3\/ijdns_2019_15.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Valsesia, Francesca, et al. \u201cThe Positive Effect of Not Following Others on Social\u00a0Media .\u201d\u00a0Journal of Marketing\u00a0Research\u00a0<\/em>,\u00a0vol. 57, no. 6, Dec. 2020, pp. 1152\u20131168.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.francescavalsesia.com\/uploads\/1\/0\/5\/1\/105151509\/the_positive_effect_of_not_following_others_on_social_media.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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