{"id":287,"date":"2021-07-26T23:10:57","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T23:10:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/?post_type=chapter&p=287"},"modified":"2021-08-09T16:14:59","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T16:14:59","slug":"7-3-3-subtitling-society-prospectus","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/chapter\/7-3-3-subtitling-society-prospectus\/","title":{"rendered":"7.3.3 Subtitling society (prospectus)"},"content":{"raw":"

English 102, March 2021<\/h3>\r\nThe goal of my research essay is to dive deeper into an aspect of my life that I never gave much thought to. I think that when it comes to subtitling and the\u00a0discourses\u00a0that\u00a0branch\u00a0off from them, there is an excess of information that explains and describes the importance of subtitling.\u00a0The stereotypes that surround certain languages due to the way that culture is displayed in the media can have a negative effect on someone who comes from that culture.\u00a0I read an article that refers to the movie\u00a050 First Dates<\/em>\u00a0and how the only Hawaiin Pidgin speaker in the movie is portrayed in an unflattering light. There are sensitive areas of discussion here, so I am not sure how in-depth I am going to get into this portion if at all. I do, however, plan to spend a decent amount of time talking to people I am around about their opinions on subtitling. I\u00a0have\u00a0already begun asking some people and the responses surprised me. I started to notice some patterns in the answers and after asking twenty people about it, I stopped hearing new or different answers. When it comes to translation and the error within it when studying the habits of people who watch with subtitles as compared to overdubs, the amount of psychological background is an untapped gold mine. While my miniscule study by no means summarizes the population and their feelings or\u00a0habits as a whole, I\u00a0find the concept and theory that revealed itself to me quite interesting.\r\n\r\nI am planning to include the response my friend's dad gave me about his opinion on subtitles and foreign films in a smooth way here. It was no surprise to me that my friend thought the same\u00a0way\u00a0but I still thought, however little that thought was, he might have given me a different answer. They both said, \u201cWe live in America, we watch shows and movies in English.\u201d Some other people who gave similar answers were all around me. The lady who cuts my hair, one of the store managers where I work, and a random man at Barnes and Nobles all had the same opinion. To be honest, I was not prepared for those responses. I figured people who preferred overdubs would mention how the reading makes their eyes hurt, or the voices annoy them and give them headaches. I did not expect that they would give a close-minded response to such an open-ended question. Without getting away from my actual topic of subtitles in translation and the translation error overdubs encompass, I would really like to touch on the psychological side of this.\u00a0Why do these people give such a narrow-minded response to something that could be answered in a wide variety of ways?\u00a0I plan to include this information in a more numbers-based\u00a0logistics\u00a0section of my research essay.\u00a0The statistics that I gather myself along with my sources will provide a\u00a0fairly widespread\u00a0opinion on what method people prefer to view foreign films in. Occasionally, people have told me that they don\u2019t even bother watching foreign language films because they do not like the way the overdub sounds, nor do they want to read subtitles and listen to a language that is alien to them.\u00a0While I do not want to make rash assumptions, I feel like anyone who responds\u00a0in such a\u00a0way is ignorant. America has no official language for starters and is one of the most diverse nations in the world. All the different\u00a0cultures\u00a0and ideologies that come from different ethnicities are a part of what makes this country great. By saying \u201cWe live in America, we speak English,\u201d it makes one seem intolerant of and ignorant of what being American and living here means. I would like to know if this is too opinionated to include in my research essay, but I could not help but notice a pattern between the types of people who gave these responses, and their other theories and ideas about the country and the world. Additionally, I am planning on including much of the data from my synthesis essay regarding the benefits of subtitling versus overdubs. All the articles I have been reading and using for my sources contain a great amount of high-quality discourse that will help me to craft my research essay.\u00a0In terms of modern scholarships and the current studies\u00a0in\u00a0this topic, there is a lot of information. This is mainly\u00a0because\u00a0the\u00a0movie\u00a0Parasite<\/em>\u00a0won\u00a0a Golden Globe for best foreign language film. This has reignited the flame\u00a0of debate between subtitling and overdubbing\u00a0discourses.\u00a0I can use this recent flooding of debate and discourse to further investigate my topic and communicate the significance of it.\r\n\r\nAmong the responses I am going to include, the one I enjoyed seeing the most came from a social media film critic, who\u00a0responded, \u201cBoth!\u201d\u00a0when asked which he preferred.\u00a0This\u00a0made\u00a0me think more about my own stance on the issue. As it is\u00a0obvious\u00a0which\u00a0side\u00a0I stand on based on my argumentative essay and other things I say, I\u00a0want to give overdubs a second chance. As recommended by my\u00a0professor, I\u00a0tried\u00a0watching a movie with subtitles for 15 minutes, and then overdubs for 15 minutes, and then\u00a0switched\u00a0back and forth. It was disorienting, but I made it through the whole movie, and\u00a0had\u00a0a surprisingly interesting time while doing it. It was\u00a0like\u00a0I watched two movies, with twice the\u00a0number\u00a0of characters.\u00a0I did prefer the subtitled version\u00a0more and\u00a0would have rather watched the whole movie that way. Another show of interest I saw pop up\u00a0occasionally\u00a0was\u00a0Cowboy Bebop.\u00a0<\/em>This show was heralded as the \u201cking of overdubs,\u201d as all the viewers and even creators said the English overdub of this show is fantastic and better than the original.\u00a0That being said, I\u00a0decided to watch this\u00a0utterly unique\u00a0and genre-bending anime,\u00a0which had only one season, with both subtitles and overdubs. Rather than switching back and forth between episodes, I watched it through the first time with subtitles, and then the second time with overdubs. It\u00a0kind of pains\u00a0me to say that the overdub truly was better. I have no idea how or why but to me it simply was.\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0debate and discourse that surrounds this topic is deeply layered and goes far beyond personal preference. The more articles I read\u00a0regarding\u00a0subtitling and overdubbing, the more I see how the debate is littered with classism and\u00a0xenophobia. I never imagined this topic would be so deep and diverse with articles from all around the world discussing all aspects of subtitling and overdubbing. There was even an article I stumbled upon which solely talked about the coding that goes into subtitling, which is not\u00a0very complicated, especially considering that most\u00a0streaming platforms offer a subtitling generator\u00a0for its creators. The reason\u00a0this topic\u00a0is worth studying and discussing is because I see a hidden root deep in society that can reveal a lot about why we act and think the way we do. When I first started with this topic, I was watching This goes to show that even a simple topic can reveal a lot about society and the people that\u00a0govern\u00a0it.\r\n

Annotated\u00a0Bibliography<\/p>\r\nNon-Scholarly Sources\r\n\r\nDavies, Hannah. \u201cLights, Camera, Caption! Why Subtitles Are No Longer Just for the Hard of Hearing.\u201d\u00a0The Guardian<\/em>, 25 July 2019,\u00a0www.theguardian.com\/tv-and-radio\/2019\/jul\/21\/subtitles-tv-hearing-no-context-twitter-captions<\/a>.\r\n\r\nIn this article, the author\u00a0provides\u00a0data and studies that contradict some of the other claims made by people in recent years\u00a0regarding\u00a0the popularity of subtitles and overdubs.\u00a0Davies brings up how techniques that \u2018silent\u2019 film makers used over 100 years ago are being recycled and modernized today to grab people's attention.\u00a0The connection between this article and my topic is less direct than most in my sources but\u00a0provides\u00a0relevant information due to the topics it discusses. People are quoted in this article that give their opinion on subtitling in\u00a0productions. A much hotter take that starts this article off, however, is\u00a0the debate of\u00a0having movie theaters caption all the\u00a0movies they show. This issue is long-lasting and more complicated than I believe it to\u00a0be but\u00a0provides\u00a0a great\u00a0segway\u00a0into the greater landscape of this article.\u00a0This article discusses computerized captioning as well, noting the downsides as well as the benefits that come with it.\r\n\r\nDrum, Kevin, et al. \u201cLet\u2019s Have Another Go at Subtitles, Shall We?\u201d\u00a0Mother Jones<\/em>, 11 Feb. 2020,\u00a0www.motherjones.com\/kevin-drum\/2020\/02\/twitter-2<\/a>.\r\n\r\nI include this article because it was written by one of the content creators and political bloggers referenced and quoted in \u201cThe Debate over Subtitles or Dubbing, Explained.\u201d In this article, Drum defends his stance and explains his thought process as well as the deeper meaning of what he said. He lists several questions that people asked and sent him as a response to the tweet that he posted regarding\u00a0Parasite\u00a0<\/em>and subtitling. Drum mentions many things about his personal life, including his diminishing hearing as well as the cancer he has, to explain why he does or does not do certain things. The information I pulled from this article provides a modern and controversial take from a popular media figure regarding my topic and its connection to literacy.\r\n\r\nNguyen, Hanh. \u201cCritics Debate How They Prefer Their Foreign-Language TV.\u201d\u00a0IndieWire<\/em>, 17 Apr. 2018,\u00a0www.indiewire.com\/2018\/04\/dubbed-subtitles-netflix-foreign-tv-show-critics-survey-1201953918<\/a>.\r\n\r\nIn this article, Nguyen provides responses from many movie critics and film advocates when it\u00a0comes to subtitling versus overdubbing. Many of the responses that came back were in favor of subtitling over dubbing. The lines of reasonings were uniform for the responses that were in favor of either one. The response that stands out the most is the first one, where the response from Pilot Viruet said both are good. Having a response that is in the middle but then explaining what you like about both sides is impressive. Where everything is so black and white and mine vs yours, it is nice to see someone who appreciates the aspects of both sides involved in a debate. Seeing multiple different responses from different people provides good lines of reasoning and data to use in my research essay.\r\n\r\nO\u2019Falt, Chris. \u201cSubtitles Vs. Dubbing: The Big Business of Translating Foreign Films in a Post-\u2018Parasite\u2019 World.\u201d\u00a0Indie Wire<\/em>, 25 Feb. 2020,\u00a0www.indiewire.com\/2020\/02\/subtitles-vs-dubbing-what-you-need-to-know-1202212800.\r\n\r\nIt has become clear to me that\u00a0Parasite<\/em>\u00a0winning the highest award possible for a film sparked a\u00a0massive debate and battle\u00a0regarding\u00a0subtitles, overdubbing, and everything\u00a0in between. In this article,\u00a0O\u2019Falt\u00a0gives information and quotes from someone very experienced and relevant in the professional field of\u00a0production translation. The person of interest, Chris Carey, recounts the different processes and requirements for subtitling and overdubbing.\u00a0The great part\u00a0about\u00a0this article is that it tells the behind-the-scenes\u00a0action\u00a0of translating productions into other languages from a primary source. Additionally, the author does some\u00a0summarizing\u00a0as well as includes his own information and data he has gathered from the interview and study. The major questions and statistics that people normally\u00a0debated\u00a0are discussed in\u00a0a simpler way than some other articles I have read, but nonetheless\u00a0contain\u00a0useful information that I draw on for my essay.\r\n\r\nRomano, Aja. \u201cThe Debate over Subtitles or Dubbing, Explained.\u201d\u00a0Vox<\/em>, 20 Feb. 2020,\u00a0www.vox.com\/2020\/2\/20\/21134355\/subtitles-or-dubs-which-is-better-parasite-debate-history-anime<\/a>.\r\n\r\nIn this article on Vox, the author brings pros and cons from both sides of the subtitling vs. Dubbing debate into play. He begins by giving a brief history\u00a0on\u00a0the origins of both subtitling and dubbing as well as how it has progressed to where we are today.\u00a0Originally, unless a foreign production was widely popular and made\u00a0a considerable sum\u00a0of money, it would not be accessible overseas. A solution to this was introduced when people began to illegally translate and then caption the production to be marketed in a different region.\u00a0On top of that, Romano brings in two popular figures\u00a0in\u00a0social media as well as\u00a0references to\u00a0another article that one of the figures responded to\u00a0in order to\u00a0include players on both teams. While I do see a bit of bias towards subtitles in this article, I believe that both sides were represented, and good points were made\u00a0regarding\u00a0the experience and quality of subtitles vs. dubbing.\u00a0The best part\u00a0about\u00a0this article is how everything is laid out, and that there is valuable information and quotes from both sides that give me a lot of useful, current information to work with.\r\n\r\n\u201cSubbing vs. Dubbing.\u201d\u00a0TV Tropes<\/em>, 1 Jan. 2021,\u00a0https:\/\/tvtropes.org\/pmwiki\/pmwiki.php\/Main\/SubbingVersusDubbing<\/a>\r\n\r\nIn this article, which had no clear author or publication date, the author gives a raw and unfiltered account of the debate between subtitles and overdubs, as wells as why one is easier than the other. Like every other article, this one has its own set of unique information that makes it relevant and useful to my research essay. Specifically, the author brings up examples of times when a creator or director for a production said the overdubbed version of it in a certain language is better than the original. They mentioned how the voice acting seemed more authentic and captivating. Additionally, the author brings up how some companies have shut down or rebranded themselves\u00a0due to the fact that\u00a0the cost of producing a dub for some shows or movies was a negative investment. This has caused the script to flip in recent years, as there has been a lack of dubbing for many productions that are subtitled in the U.S.\r\n\r\nScholarly Sources\r\n\r\nFukushima, Tatsuya. \u201cTranslation Course in Film Subtitling.\u201d\u00a0Translation Review<\/em>,\u00a0www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/07374836.2002.10523828?needAccess=true<\/a>.\r\n\r\nThis article was incredible for many reasons and stood out to me in several ways. The mixture of information here contains equal parts stats and\u00a0logistics, as it does opinions and contemporary perspectives. Without bringing down either preference to lift one up, Fukushima successfully provides\u00a0an extensive list\u00a0of\u00a0both the benefits and shortcomings of subtitles and dubbing. Fukushima also does this while\u00a0explaining the purpose of her article, which is to theorize the best and most forward-thinking ways to train students going into translation majors. The studies done are different each year, as the curriculum and studies being done vary with\u00a0the past knowledge of what works and what does not. Fukushima gives an overview of subtitling and an extensive background on the effort that goes into it. She does not spend as much time discussing overdubs but includes much more information on it than I need. The relevance this article has to me is very\u00a0apparent\u00a0as it discusses many of the points I make and want to discuss.\r\n\r\nGee, James Paul. \"What is literacy.\"\u00a0Negotiating academic literacies: Teaching and learning\u00a0<\/em> across languages and cultures<\/em>\u00a0(1998): 18-25. Accessed February 25, 2021.\r\n\r\nIn this scholarly article, the author, James Paul Gee, describes the definition of literacy by defining other words and giving specific examples relating to his own experiences\u00a0and knowledge.\u00a0In particular, he discusses discourses through\u00a0different perspectives and positions, showing primary and secondary settings that\u00a0can cause literacy to branch off in different directions and discourses.\u00a0This article is beneficial to me because it gives me a better knowledge of what literacy means and how discourse is simply a medium for people to communicate with.\u00a0Gee repeatedly mentions how\u00a0one person can acquire more than one literacy,\u00a0and\u00a0he\u00a0defines discourse as an \u201cidentity kit.\u201d\u00a0For example, he talks about the social\u00a0skills and ideologies\u00a0every human obtains within their family.\u00a0Since no family is the same, this creates a multitude of different discourses in society that people are born into.\u00a0This categorizes people into an \u201cidentity\u201d set by the norms of standard English.\r\n\r\nHarden, Jordan.\u00a0Development of Language Attitudes<\/em>, 3 Nov. 2019,\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/blogs.uoregon.edu\/hc424h\/author\/cvaughn\/page\/2\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nIn this article written by a student at\u00a0the University of Oregon, Harden talks about the\u00a0role that a culture or ethnicity is portrayed\u00a0with\u00a0in a production can have an incredibly devastating effect and create false stereotypes that lead to an avalanche of people forming wrong ideas about other cultures. I can relate this article to many other pieces of literature and the effects\u00a0of them on people in the past. Looking back to our past, especially during the Jim Crow era and Reconstruction, it can be noted how the extremely dramatic\u00a0and exaggerated portrayals of black people had a terrible effect on their progression as a race and our progression as a country. The posters, theatre shows, books, movies, and everything else, created\u00a0awful stereotypes and ideas of people that were not true. The reason this is something I choose to cite and use in my article is that literacy and the translations that surround it must be done without false stereotypes and\u00a0ideas of these people, otherwise the translation will not be accurate.\r\n\r\nHarrison, Lucia. \u201cForeign Films\u00a0In\u00a0The\u00a0Classroom: Gateway\u00a0To\u00a0Language\u00a0And\u00a0Culture.\u201d\u00a0Clute Journals<\/em>, Southeastern Louisiana University, 8 Nov. 2009,\u00a0www.clutejournals.com\/index.php\/TLC\/article\/view\/1118<\/a>.\r\n\r\nThis article\/assignment given out to students around the world is a truly captivating and informative work. Harrison begins by bringing up many studies done regarding foreign films in classrooms and the different effects it may have in different areas of education. The teacher has several different pre-viewing activities and ideas to encourage concentration and focus on the film she brought in. While the film nor the class is important to why I like this little article, it is worth noting that this comes from an Italian course at Southeastern Louisiana University. The prompts and activities mentioned here are applicable to all sorts of different things regarding literacy and translation. They provoke the viewer or reader to consider many things they may have never imagined before, and that could very well be a catalyst in their understanding of culture and literacy. The entire design and purpose of the assignment is very\u00a0intriguing\u00a0and I would love to do something like that in a future class of mine.\r\n\r\nRanzato, Irene. \u201cReassessing Dubbing.\u201d\u00a0Google Books<\/em>, Google,\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=_LGoDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=subtitles+versus+overdubs&ots=9-_uD0mfdx&sig=WPEY1FOVwJxgLl8B3KLfTK1CwDI#v=onepage&q&f=false<\/a>\r\n\r\nIn this book,\u00a0Ranzato\u00a0discusses a multitude of ideas, studies, and opinions that revolve around dubbing as well as its\u00a0past, present, and future. To begin, the data and studies provided in this article are extremely\u00a0accurate\u00a0and informative, as they give you an excellent idea of what diverse cultures and regions think of subtitling vs. dubbing. Additionally, the\u00a0quotes used by other scholars in this book when describing various aspects of dubbing, subtitling, as well as\u00a0the literary practices that\u00a0accompany\u00a0it, are exceptional and\u00a0thought-provoking.\u00a0This book is directly relevant to my topic as it describes the differences in the discourses that\u00a0accompany\u00a0subtitling and dubbing.\u00a0The data\u00a0provided\u00a0also gives me great statistics to include a when looking at the actual numbers that describe both sides, without discussing\u00a0and exploring\u00a0the more contemporary and artistic\u00a0aspects of the debate.\r\n\r\nWoolf, Judith. \u201cWriting About Literature.\u201d\u00a0Google Books<\/em>, Routledge, 16 Feb. 2005,\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LhK456oVjCgC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=translating+foreign+literature&ots=Y3AWT5Un3z&sig=0PIiC4Qcj3VBLYFbfvQnIr9y56k#v=onepage&q&f=false<\/a>\r\n\r\nThis book illustrates all the components and complexities of a great essay about literature. While it does not relate to my topic on the surface, the information is necessary and helpful to effectively communicate what my topic is. It provides a plethora of information regarding formal research essays and many incredible tips that can be utilized to increase the quality of any essay. The major points that stand out to me revolve around common practices that should not be followed. Much of the advice given to students at younger ages and in less advanced classes can end up hurting how they write in the future. Additionally, there are multiple sections that show any one how to craft an essay that opens the mind of someone on the opposite side of a topic without offending or attacking their own ideas. This is extremely relevant to any two-sided debate where you want to voice both sides without letting your own opinions interfere.","rendered":"

English 102, March 2021<\/h3>\n

The goal of my research essay is to dive deeper into an aspect of my life that I never gave much thought to. I think that when it comes to subtitling and the\u00a0discourses\u00a0that\u00a0branch\u00a0off from them, there is an excess of information that explains and describes the importance of subtitling.\u00a0The stereotypes that surround certain languages due to the way that culture is displayed in the media can have a negative effect on someone who comes from that culture.\u00a0I read an article that refers to the movie\u00a050 First Dates<\/em>\u00a0and how the only Hawaiin Pidgin speaker in the movie is portrayed in an unflattering light. There are sensitive areas of discussion here, so I am not sure how in-depth I am going to get into this portion if at all. I do, however, plan to spend a decent amount of time talking to people I am around about their opinions on subtitling. I\u00a0have\u00a0already begun asking some people and the responses surprised me. I started to notice some patterns in the answers and after asking twenty people about it, I stopped hearing new or different answers. When it comes to translation and the error within it when studying the habits of people who watch with subtitles as compared to overdubs, the amount of psychological background is an untapped gold mine. While my miniscule study by no means summarizes the population and their feelings or\u00a0habits as a whole, I\u00a0find the concept and theory that revealed itself to me quite interesting.<\/p>\n

I am planning to include the response my friend’s dad gave me about his opinion on subtitles and foreign films in a smooth way here. It was no surprise to me that my friend thought the same\u00a0way\u00a0but I still thought, however little that thought was, he might have given me a different answer. They both said, \u201cWe live in America, we watch shows and movies in English.\u201d Some other people who gave similar answers were all around me. The lady who cuts my hair, one of the store managers where I work, and a random man at Barnes and Nobles all had the same opinion. To be honest, I was not prepared for those responses. I figured people who preferred overdubs would mention how the reading makes their eyes hurt, or the voices annoy them and give them headaches. I did not expect that they would give a close-minded response to such an open-ended question. Without getting away from my actual topic of subtitles in translation and the translation error overdubs encompass, I would really like to touch on the psychological side of this.\u00a0Why do these people give such a narrow-minded response to something that could be answered in a wide variety of ways?\u00a0I plan to include this information in a more numbers-based\u00a0logistics\u00a0section of my research essay.\u00a0The statistics that I gather myself along with my sources will provide a\u00a0fairly widespread\u00a0opinion on what method people prefer to view foreign films in. Occasionally, people have told me that they don\u2019t even bother watching foreign language films because they do not like the way the overdub sounds, nor do they want to read subtitles and listen to a language that is alien to them.\u00a0While I do not want to make rash assumptions, I feel like anyone who responds\u00a0in such a\u00a0way is ignorant. America has no official language for starters and is one of the most diverse nations in the world. All the different\u00a0cultures\u00a0and ideologies that come from different ethnicities are a part of what makes this country great. By saying \u201cWe live in America, we speak English,\u201d it makes one seem intolerant of and ignorant of what being American and living here means. I would like to know if this is too opinionated to include in my research essay, but I could not help but notice a pattern between the types of people who gave these responses, and their other theories and ideas about the country and the world. Additionally, I am planning on including much of the data from my synthesis essay regarding the benefits of subtitling versus overdubs. All the articles I have been reading and using for my sources contain a great amount of high-quality discourse that will help me to craft my research essay.\u00a0In terms of modern scholarships and the current studies\u00a0in\u00a0this topic, there is a lot of information. This is mainly\u00a0because\u00a0the\u00a0movie\u00a0Parasite<\/em>\u00a0won\u00a0a Golden Globe for best foreign language film. This has reignited the flame\u00a0of debate between subtitling and overdubbing\u00a0discourses.\u00a0I can use this recent flooding of debate and discourse to further investigate my topic and communicate the significance of it.<\/p>\n

Among the responses I am going to include, the one I enjoyed seeing the most came from a social media film critic, who\u00a0responded, \u201cBoth!\u201d\u00a0when asked which he preferred.\u00a0This\u00a0made\u00a0me think more about my own stance on the issue. As it is\u00a0obvious\u00a0which\u00a0side\u00a0I stand on based on my argumentative essay and other things I say, I\u00a0want to give overdubs a second chance. As recommended by my\u00a0professor, I\u00a0tried\u00a0watching a movie with subtitles for 15 minutes, and then overdubs for 15 minutes, and then\u00a0switched\u00a0back and forth. It was disorienting, but I made it through the whole movie, and\u00a0had\u00a0a surprisingly interesting time while doing it. It was\u00a0like\u00a0I watched two movies, with twice the\u00a0number\u00a0of characters.\u00a0I did prefer the subtitled version\u00a0more and\u00a0would have rather watched the whole movie that way. Another show of interest I saw pop up\u00a0occasionally\u00a0was\u00a0Cowboy Bebop.\u00a0<\/em>This show was heralded as the \u201cking of overdubs,\u201d as all the viewers and even creators said the English overdub of this show is fantastic and better than the original.\u00a0That being said, I\u00a0decided to watch this\u00a0utterly unique\u00a0and genre-bending anime,\u00a0which had only one season, with both subtitles and overdubs. Rather than switching back and forth between episodes, I watched it through the first time with subtitles, and then the second time with overdubs. It\u00a0kind of pains\u00a0me to say that the overdub truly was better. I have no idea how or why but to me it simply was.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0debate and discourse that surrounds this topic is deeply layered and goes far beyond personal preference. The more articles I read\u00a0regarding\u00a0subtitling and overdubbing, the more I see how the debate is littered with classism and\u00a0xenophobia. I never imagined this topic would be so deep and diverse with articles from all around the world discussing all aspects of subtitling and overdubbing. There was even an article I stumbled upon which solely talked about the coding that goes into subtitling, which is not\u00a0very complicated, especially considering that most\u00a0streaming platforms offer a subtitling generator\u00a0for its creators. The reason\u00a0this topic\u00a0is worth studying and discussing is because I see a hidden root deep in society that can reveal a lot about why we act and think the way we do. When I first started with this topic, I was watching This goes to show that even a simple topic can reveal a lot about society and the people that\u00a0govern\u00a0it.<\/p>\n

Annotated\u00a0Bibliography<\/p>\n

Non-Scholarly Sources<\/p>\n

Davies, Hannah. \u201cLights, Camera, Caption! Why Subtitles Are No Longer Just for the Hard of Hearing.\u201d\u00a0The Guardian<\/em>, 25 July 2019,\u00a0www.theguardian.com\/tv-and-radio\/2019\/jul\/21\/subtitles-tv-hearing-no-context-twitter-captions<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In this article, the author\u00a0provides\u00a0data and studies that contradict some of the other claims made by people in recent years\u00a0regarding\u00a0the popularity of subtitles and overdubs.\u00a0Davies brings up how techniques that \u2018silent\u2019 film makers used over 100 years ago are being recycled and modernized today to grab people’s attention.\u00a0The connection between this article and my topic is less direct than most in my sources but\u00a0provides\u00a0relevant information due to the topics it discusses. People are quoted in this article that give their opinion on subtitling in\u00a0productions. A much hotter take that starts this article off, however, is\u00a0the debate of\u00a0having movie theaters caption all the\u00a0movies they show. This issue is long-lasting and more complicated than I believe it to\u00a0be but\u00a0provides\u00a0a great\u00a0segway\u00a0into the greater landscape of this article.\u00a0This article discusses computerized captioning as well, noting the downsides as well as the benefits that come with it.<\/p>\n

Drum, Kevin, et al. \u201cLet\u2019s Have Another Go at Subtitles, Shall We?\u201d\u00a0Mother Jones<\/em>, 11 Feb. 2020,\u00a0www.motherjones.com\/kevin-drum\/2020\/02\/twitter-2<\/a>.<\/p>\n

I include this article because it was written by one of the content creators and political bloggers referenced and quoted in \u201cThe Debate over Subtitles or Dubbing, Explained.\u201d In this article, Drum defends his stance and explains his thought process as well as the deeper meaning of what he said. He lists several questions that people asked and sent him as a response to the tweet that he posted regarding\u00a0Parasite\u00a0<\/em>and subtitling. Drum mentions many things about his personal life, including his diminishing hearing as well as the cancer he has, to explain why he does or does not do certain things. The information I pulled from this article provides a modern and controversial take from a popular media figure regarding my topic and its connection to literacy.<\/p>\n

Nguyen, Hanh. \u201cCritics Debate How They Prefer Their Foreign-Language TV.\u201d\u00a0IndieWire<\/em>, 17 Apr. 2018,\u00a0www.indiewire.com\/2018\/04\/dubbed-subtitles-netflix-foreign-tv-show-critics-survey-1201953918<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In this article, Nguyen provides responses from many movie critics and film advocates when it\u00a0comes to subtitling versus overdubbing. Many of the responses that came back were in favor of subtitling over dubbing. The lines of reasonings were uniform for the responses that were in favor of either one. The response that stands out the most is the first one, where the response from Pilot Viruet said both are good. Having a response that is in the middle but then explaining what you like about both sides is impressive. Where everything is so black and white and mine vs yours, it is nice to see someone who appreciates the aspects of both sides involved in a debate. Seeing multiple different responses from different people provides good lines of reasoning and data to use in my research essay.<\/p>\n

O\u2019Falt, Chris. \u201cSubtitles Vs. Dubbing: The Big Business of Translating Foreign Films in a Post-\u2018Parasite\u2019 World.\u201d\u00a0Indie Wire<\/em>, 25 Feb. 2020,\u00a0www.indiewire.com\/2020\/02\/subtitles-vs-dubbing-what-you-need-to-know-1202212800.<\/p>\n

It has become clear to me that\u00a0Parasite<\/em>\u00a0winning the highest award possible for a film sparked a\u00a0massive debate and battle\u00a0regarding\u00a0subtitles, overdubbing, and everything\u00a0in between. In this article,\u00a0O\u2019Falt\u00a0gives information and quotes from someone very experienced and relevant in the professional field of\u00a0production translation. The person of interest, Chris Carey, recounts the different processes and requirements for subtitling and overdubbing.\u00a0The great part\u00a0about\u00a0this article is that it tells the behind-the-scenes\u00a0action\u00a0of translating productions into other languages from a primary source. Additionally, the author does some\u00a0summarizing\u00a0as well as includes his own information and data he has gathered from the interview and study. The major questions and statistics that people normally\u00a0debated\u00a0are discussed in\u00a0a simpler way than some other articles I have read, but nonetheless\u00a0contain\u00a0useful information that I draw on for my essay.<\/p>\n

Romano, Aja. \u201cThe Debate over Subtitles or Dubbing, Explained.\u201d\u00a0Vox<\/em>, 20 Feb. 2020,\u00a0www.vox.com\/2020\/2\/20\/21134355\/subtitles-or-dubs-which-is-better-parasite-debate-history-anime<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In this article on Vox, the author brings pros and cons from both sides of the subtitling vs. Dubbing debate into play. He begins by giving a brief history\u00a0on\u00a0the origins of both subtitling and dubbing as well as how it has progressed to where we are today.\u00a0Originally, unless a foreign production was widely popular and made\u00a0a considerable sum\u00a0of money, it would not be accessible overseas. A solution to this was introduced when people began to illegally translate and then caption the production to be marketed in a different region.\u00a0On top of that, Romano brings in two popular figures\u00a0in\u00a0social media as well as\u00a0references to\u00a0another article that one of the figures responded to\u00a0in order to\u00a0include players on both teams. While I do see a bit of bias towards subtitles in this article, I believe that both sides were represented, and good points were made\u00a0regarding\u00a0the experience and quality of subtitles vs. dubbing.\u00a0The best part\u00a0about\u00a0this article is how everything is laid out, and that there is valuable information and quotes from both sides that give me a lot of useful, current information to work with.<\/p>\n

\u201cSubbing vs. Dubbing.\u201d\u00a0TV Tropes<\/em>, 1 Jan. 2021,\u00a0https:\/\/tvtropes.org\/pmwiki\/pmwiki.php\/Main\/SubbingVersusDubbing<\/a><\/p>\n

In this article, which had no clear author or publication date, the author gives a raw and unfiltered account of the debate between subtitles and overdubs, as wells as why one is easier than the other. Like every other article, this one has its own set of unique information that makes it relevant and useful to my research essay. Specifically, the author brings up examples of times when a creator or director for a production said the overdubbed version of it in a certain language is better than the original. They mentioned how the voice acting seemed more authentic and captivating. Additionally, the author brings up how some companies have shut down or rebranded themselves\u00a0due to the fact that\u00a0the cost of producing a dub for some shows or movies was a negative investment. This has caused the script to flip in recent years, as there has been a lack of dubbing for many productions that are subtitled in the U.S.<\/p>\n

Scholarly Sources<\/p>\n

Fukushima, Tatsuya. \u201cTranslation Course in Film Subtitling.\u201d\u00a0Translation Review<\/em>,\u00a0www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/07374836.2002.10523828?needAccess=true<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This article was incredible for many reasons and stood out to me in several ways. The mixture of information here contains equal parts stats and\u00a0logistics, as it does opinions and contemporary perspectives. Without bringing down either preference to lift one up, Fukushima successfully provides\u00a0an extensive list\u00a0of\u00a0both the benefits and shortcomings of subtitles and dubbing. Fukushima also does this while\u00a0explaining the purpose of her article, which is to theorize the best and most forward-thinking ways to train students going into translation majors. The studies done are different each year, as the curriculum and studies being done vary with\u00a0the past knowledge of what works and what does not. Fukushima gives an overview of subtitling and an extensive background on the effort that goes into it. She does not spend as much time discussing overdubs but includes much more information on it than I need. The relevance this article has to me is very\u00a0apparent\u00a0as it discusses many of the points I make and want to discuss.<\/p>\n

Gee, James Paul. “What is literacy.”\u00a0Negotiating academic literacies: Teaching and learning\u00a0<\/em> across languages and cultures<\/em>\u00a0(1998): 18-25. Accessed February 25, 2021.<\/p>\n

In this scholarly article, the author, James Paul Gee, describes the definition of literacy by defining other words and giving specific examples relating to his own experiences\u00a0and knowledge.\u00a0In particular, he discusses discourses through\u00a0different perspectives and positions, showing primary and secondary settings that\u00a0can cause literacy to branch off in different directions and discourses.\u00a0This article is beneficial to me because it gives me a better knowledge of what literacy means and how discourse is simply a medium for people to communicate with.\u00a0Gee repeatedly mentions how\u00a0one person can acquire more than one literacy,\u00a0and\u00a0he\u00a0defines discourse as an \u201cidentity kit.\u201d\u00a0For example, he talks about the social\u00a0skills and ideologies\u00a0every human obtains within their family.\u00a0Since no family is the same, this creates a multitude of different discourses in society that people are born into.\u00a0This categorizes people into an \u201cidentity\u201d set by the norms of standard English.<\/p>\n

Harden, Jordan.\u00a0Development of Language Attitudes<\/em>, 3 Nov. 2019,<\/p>\n

https:\/\/blogs.uoregon.edu\/hc424h\/author\/cvaughn\/page\/2\/<\/a><\/p>\n

In this article written by a student at\u00a0the University of Oregon, Harden talks about the\u00a0role that a culture or ethnicity is portrayed\u00a0with\u00a0in a production can have an incredibly devastating effect and create false stereotypes that lead to an avalanche of people forming wrong ideas about other cultures. I can relate this article to many other pieces of literature and the effects\u00a0of them on people in the past. Looking back to our past, especially during the Jim Crow era and Reconstruction, it can be noted how the extremely dramatic\u00a0and exaggerated portrayals of black people had a terrible effect on their progression as a race and our progression as a country. The posters, theatre shows, books, movies, and everything else, created\u00a0awful stereotypes and ideas of people that were not true. The reason this is something I choose to cite and use in my article is that literacy and the translations that surround it must be done without false stereotypes and\u00a0ideas of these people, otherwise the translation will not be accurate.<\/p>\n

Harrison, Lucia. \u201cForeign Films\u00a0In\u00a0The\u00a0Classroom: Gateway\u00a0To\u00a0Language\u00a0And\u00a0Culture.\u201d\u00a0Clute Journals<\/em>, Southeastern Louisiana University, 8 Nov. 2009,\u00a0www.clutejournals.com\/index.php\/TLC\/article\/view\/1118<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This article\/assignment given out to students around the world is a truly captivating and informative work. Harrison begins by bringing up many studies done regarding foreign films in classrooms and the different effects it may have in different areas of education. The teacher has several different pre-viewing activities and ideas to encourage concentration and focus on the film she brought in. While the film nor the class is important to why I like this little article, it is worth noting that this comes from an Italian course at Southeastern Louisiana University. The prompts and activities mentioned here are applicable to all sorts of different things regarding literacy and translation. They provoke the viewer or reader to consider many things they may have never imagined before, and that could very well be a catalyst in their understanding of culture and literacy. The entire design and purpose of the assignment is very\u00a0intriguing\u00a0and I would love to do something like that in a future class of mine.<\/p>\n

Ranzato, Irene. \u201cReassessing Dubbing.\u201d\u00a0Google Books<\/em>, Google,<\/p>\n

https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=_LGoDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=subtitles+versus+overdubs&ots=9-_uD0mfdx&sig=WPEY1FOVwJxgLl8B3KLfTK1CwDI#v=onepage&q&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n

In this book,\u00a0Ranzato\u00a0discusses a multitude of ideas, studies, and opinions that revolve around dubbing as well as its\u00a0past, present, and future. To begin, the data and studies provided in this article are extremely\u00a0accurate\u00a0and informative, as they give you an excellent idea of what diverse cultures and regions think of subtitling vs. dubbing. Additionally, the\u00a0quotes used by other scholars in this book when describing various aspects of dubbing, subtitling, as well as\u00a0the literary practices that\u00a0accompany\u00a0it, are exceptional and\u00a0thought-provoking.\u00a0This book is directly relevant to my topic as it describes the differences in the discourses that\u00a0accompany\u00a0subtitling and dubbing.\u00a0The data\u00a0provided\u00a0also gives me great statistics to include a when looking at the actual numbers that describe both sides, without discussing\u00a0and exploring\u00a0the more contemporary and artistic\u00a0aspects of the debate.<\/p>\n

Woolf, Judith. \u201cWriting About Literature.\u201d\u00a0Google Books<\/em>, Routledge, 16 Feb. 2005,<\/p>\n

https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LhK456oVjCgC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=translating+foreign+literature&ots=Y3AWT5Un3z&sig=0PIiC4Qcj3VBLYFbfvQnIr9y56k#v=onepage&q&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n

This book illustrates all the components and complexities of a great essay about literature. While it does not relate to my topic on the surface, the information is necessary and helpful to effectively communicate what my topic is. It provides a plethora of information regarding formal research essays and many incredible tips that can be utilized to increase the quality of any essay. The major points that stand out to me revolve around common practices that should not be followed. Much of the advice given to students at younger ages and in less advanced classes can end up hurting how they write in the future. Additionally, there are multiple sections that show any one how to craft an essay that opens the mind of someone on the opposite side of a topic without offending or attacking their own ideas. This is extremely relevant to any two-sided debate where you want to voice both sides without letting your own opinions interfere.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":253,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["tzeman"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[74],"license":[],"class_list":["post-287","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-tzeman"],"part":260,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/253"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":582,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/287\/revisions\/582"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/260"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/287\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=287"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=287"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}