{"id":418,"date":"2021-07-28T19:02:31","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T19:02:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/?post_type=chapter&p=418"},"modified":"2021-08-09T15:58:59","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T15:58:59","slug":"2-13-1-positively-affecting-the-mind-with-chess-synthesis","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understanding-literacy-in-our-lives\/chapter\/2-13-1-positively-affecting-the-mind-with-chess-synthesis\/","title":{"rendered":"2.13.1 Positively affecting the mind with chess (synthesis)"},"content":{"raw":"

English 102, February 2021<\/h3>\r\n
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Chess is one of the most popular games ever created. With the game\u2019s high level of popularity, it means that<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>it\u2019s<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>being<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>played around the entire globe. The entire<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>globe<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>means that<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>chess is played in a wide variety of languages and cultures.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>With high-level<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>players<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>from<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>across the world<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>playing the game<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>professionally<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>in many different countries,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>making them apart<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>of<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>a community, one of many involved with chess. Another community could be a local or college chess team where they communicate with each other and their opponents.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>A<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>more communicative community<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>is would be<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the chess players of the New York City streets who talk trash their opponents who challenge them.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Different communities and<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>communication within<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>and surrounding<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>chess are written about in many academic articles.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span>One important aspect of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess community is those who do scientific research on chess. They\u2019ll go into the analytical aspects of the different parts of the game and the effects the game has on people. From young minds to older generations, chess requires the person<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>playing<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>to think analytically and put most,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>if not<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>all<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>their<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>attention,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>into<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the game in front of them. The researchers then take note of their findings and use data to help with their studies while communicating their results.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span>First and foremost an important academic article that deals with the basics<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>language,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>communication,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and one\u2019s personal identity<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>is James Gee\u2019s \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d. Gee mentions in his article the idea of the \u201cidentity kit\u201d, which is about the different factors in one\u2019s life that makes them who they are, this could be<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the different languages they speak<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(18).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Another important term in Gee\u2019s article is \u201cdiscourses\u201d which are the rules of communication in or relates to a specific group (19).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Discourses also have specifications, Gee mentions \u201cprimary discourse\u201d and \u201csecondary discourses\u201d, for primary it\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>more of a groundwork for a discourse and in secondary it\u2019s built upon the primary discourse creating its own new discourse and group (22).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Some important Gee terms that are<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>also<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>related to the chess academic articles are \u201clearning\u201d, \u201cacquisition\u201d, and \u201cliteracy\u201d.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>For \u201clearning\u201d it\u2019s the steps taken to set out and acquire specific information and \u201cacquisition\u201d is when you learn information through your personal experiences (20). Also, \u201cliteracy\u201d is known as an understanding<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a topic or language.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Furthermore, an academic article that<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>focuses<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>on the positive effect chess has on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the mind of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a student is \u201cDidactic Potential of Chess Game and Its Influence on Student Achievement\u201d. This article was written by<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Abdulhalim<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Khamidovich<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahmudov<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and many other<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>researchers from the Uzbek Scientific<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Research<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Institute<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Pedagogical<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Sciences and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Gulistan State University, which<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>are located in<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Uzbekistan.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>This article fits in between the academic articles of education and chess because of its correlation with each other.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahumudov\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>point of the article is to show how<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the complex<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>thinking related to chess and teaching the game to students can help with their performance in academics<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(3).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Chess can be a very complex game with high-level thinking involved,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>similar to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>academics<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>requiring<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>high-level thinking.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The authors came to this by analyzing the level of performance in chess by each student and how well each of them was in their subjects<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(5).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>An important part of the research is the participants, knowing the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>participants'<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>interest in school could be very beneficial.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahumudov<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and the other researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>did this by marking which students performed high-level moves in chess, their learning habits and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>interests in learning<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(7). Also,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Makhmudov<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and the other researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>took note of each of the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>students'<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>grades who are chess players<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(8).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The team of researchers handled all this data by using graphs and charts for their study (7).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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In addition,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Mahumudov<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>and the other researchers<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>figured that the complex level of thinking required in chess resulted directly with their improvement in their courses as well<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>(8). Especially an increase in mathematics<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>was found in those<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>who excelled in chess<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>(8).<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Mahumudov\u2019s<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>data<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>also<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>shows<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>improvement in foreign languages<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>as well<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>(8). From<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Mahumadov\u2019s<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>studies<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>it shows that students who play chess excel in their subjects<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>that require complex<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>thinking (9).<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>After these studies I think they should do more research for a longer<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>period of time<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>with<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>more subjects in different locations.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>By doing this they would get a good idea of some areas where chess isn\u2019t<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>as<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>common compared to ones<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>where<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>it is.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>They<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>should look more at how a student handles a complex<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>problem,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>from one who plays chess to one who doesn\u2019t<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>as well. I would try and see how a group of students does when they are<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>newly<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>introduced to<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>chess at the beginning of the school year.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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\u201cDidactic Potential of Chess Game and Its Influence on Student Achievement\u201d by<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Abdulhalim<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Khamidovich<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Mahmudov<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>is relevant because it is showing the scientific study community of chess and how they communicate and write about their findings related to chess.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Specifically,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>in this article the community of<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>researchers<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>are focused on<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>communicating<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>how<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>to<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>play chess and<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>how<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>being good at it can result in<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>good<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>academic performance. This relates to Gee\u2019s \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>because each of the<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>researchers in this article share a similar \u201cprimary discourse\u201d and \u201cidentity kit\u201d with the research being conducted by<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>researchers<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>from Uzbekistan.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Also, some students needed a \u201cliteracy\u201d in chess for the study to be conducted, knowing how to play the game to show how well they improve their academics.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Moving on,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>another<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>academic article related to the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>scientific<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>research of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess is<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the \u201cEffects of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>mindfulness-<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>acceptance-based<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>interventions on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>performance and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>psychological<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>variables in<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>systematic<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>review\u201d. This academic article was written by<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Silvia Sole and other<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>researchers from<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Spain<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>with connections to many Spain Universities.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The main point of this article<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Silvia Sole and the other researchers want to bring<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>attention to the psychological aspects of chess and how chess players working with psychologists can help improve<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>their game<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(5).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Silvia Sole and the other researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>came to their findings on how<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>psychology can help chess players improve<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>by<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>holding studies with different skill-level<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>players and trying different psychological techniques on them<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(7).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The findings<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Silvia<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Sole and the other researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>found were that the chess players responded well, improving their game after going through multi-hour-long psychological sessions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>According to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>these findings it proves<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>it\u2019s beneficial for chess players do work<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>phycologists<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and do their<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>exercises<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(14).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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After the study<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>from \u201cEffects of<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>mindfulness-<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>and<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>acceptance-based<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>interventions on<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>performance and<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>psychological<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>variables in<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>chess:<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>systematic<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>review\u201d by Silvia Sole and other researchers from Spain<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>more research should be done on what the most effective method is with chess players and the long-term effects of the methods on them. This study relates to the other studies because it is under the scientific research of chess<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>umbrella. This one also<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>focuses<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>on improving your mental<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>effects<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>aspect<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>like the<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>previous<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>academic article mentions.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>This one is related to my personal interests in psychology and focusing in on helping someone become better with their tasks as well. Being able to help someone improve themselves and help them succeed is incredibly important.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The relation<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>between this article and Gee\u2019s \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d is that the<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>chess players studied<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>are<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>very involved<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>in chess, making it one their \u201csecondary discourses\u201d and could even be a part of their \u201cidentity kit\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/span>In addition to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the other academic articles focusing on the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>positive<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>effects of chess<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>has<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the mind<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>is<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>another article titled<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u201cThe Effects of Chess Instruction on Academic and Non-Cognitive Outcomes: Field Experimental Evidence from a Developing Country\u201d. This article was written by Asad Islam,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Wang-Sheng Lee, and Aaron Nicholas who are all from universities in Australia. More specifically, Asad Islam is from Monash University in Melbourne and Wang-Sheng Lee with Aaron Nichols are from Deakin University in Geelong.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Also, it\u2019s important to mention this article was written in collaboration with<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the Institute of Labor Economics otherwise known as<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>IZA.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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According to<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cThe Effects of Chess Instruction on Academic and Non-Cognitive Outcomes: Field Experimental Evidence from a Developing Country\u201d by Asad Islam, Wang-Sheng Lee, and Aaron Nicholas that chess can help students improve their abilities in math and critical thinking (4). This is very interesting to see how a very well-known board game can help positively affect<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>important mental abilities. Islam, Lee, and Nicholas came to their findings by studying<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>and using data of young students from different schools in Bangladesh, telling<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>how well they perform in some timed cognitive tests, including ones focused on math<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>after taking part in<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>chess training program (7).<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Using time and many different schools in this study<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>is definitely<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>a great way of being able to get accurate<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>and diverse<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>results. The findings Islam, Lee, and Nicholas came up with<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>were<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>that<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>chess training they gave to the students mainly helped with their ability to avoid risks and make well thought out risk choices but not enough with improving cognitive abilities on academic<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>tests (21).<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The meaning of these findings<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>show<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>that the chess program used might not have been enough to show direct results related to academic improvement (21).<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Being able to help young kids learn to be better with<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>choices and risks they take is very important to their futures.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Some new studies that could be used<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>might be implementing a new chess program or using different programs<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>for<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>students to see which program works best. Also, trying this in other countries or working with older students could be beneficial to<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the study.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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This article titled \u201cThe Effects of Chess Instruction on Academic and Non-Cognitive Outcomes: Field Experimental Evidence from a Developing Country\u201d by Asad Islam, Wang-Sheng Lee, and Aaron Nicholas is related to<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>other academic articles in this synthesis.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The relation comes from<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>all<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the articles featured scientific researchers looking at<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>and communicating<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the ways chess could potentially benefit<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>one\u2019s mind. There is a specific relation between this article and<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Abdulhalim<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Khamidovich<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Mahmudov\u2019s<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cDidactic Potential of Chess Game and Its Influence on Student Achievement\u201d. Both articles focus on the exploration of how learning and knowing how to play Chess could help a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>student<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>improve<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>their studies and cognitive ability.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The relation between this article and Gee\u2019s literacy is the researchers \u201cidentity kit\u201d in this study is that their<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Australian and those being researched in the study are from Bangladesh. Also, some students<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>in the study acquired their skills in chess through<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cacquisition\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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Overall, the academic articles in this synthesis have shown that the game of chess can be used in academic research. Specifically, the articles have shown research<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>into<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>how chess could have<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a great impact<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>on our mental<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>capabilities. Also, the terms used in Gee\u2019s \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d can be applied to the academic articles because of their close relation between each other.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In conclusion, teaching students how to play chess and showing chess players different psychological exercises could be<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>very beneficial<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>to them.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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Works Cited<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Gee, James. \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Journal of Education<\/i><\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>Volume<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>171,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Number 1, November 1, 1989, pp<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>18-25.<\/span> <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/academic.jamespaulgee.com\/publications\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Accessed 8 February 2021.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Islam,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Asadul,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>et al. \u201cThe Effects of Chess Instruction on\u00a0<\/span>Academic and Non-Cognitive Outcomes: Field Experimental\u00a0<\/span>Evidence from a Developing Country\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>IZA Discussion\u00a0<\/i><\/span>Papers<\/i><\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>No. 12550, August 2019.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.iza.org\/publications\/dp\/12550\/the-effects-of-chess-instruction-on-academic-and-non-cognitive-outcomes-field-experimental-evidence-from-a-developing-country<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Accessed 16 February 2021.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Mahmudov,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Abdulhalim<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Khamidovich, et al.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cDidactic Potential\u00a0<\/span><\/span>of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Chess Game and Its Influence on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Student Achievement\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>PalArch\u2019s<\/i><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span>Journal of Archaeology of Egypt \/ Egyptology<\/i><\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>vol. 17, no. 6, Nov 2020.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>https:\/\/archives.palarch.nl\/index.php\/jae\/article\/view\/2804<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Accessed 16 February 2021.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Sole, Silvia, et al.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cEffects of<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>mindfulness-<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>and<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>acceptance-<\/span><\/span>based<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>interventions on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>performance and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>psychological\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>variables in<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>systematic<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>review\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ResearchGate,\u00a0<\/i><\/span>January 2021.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/348192285_Effects_of_mindfulness-_and_acceptance-based_interventions_on_performance_and_psychological_variables_in_chess_A_systematic_review<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Accessed 16 February 2021.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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English 102, February 2021<\/h3>\n
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Chess is one of the most popular games ever created. With the game\u2019s high level of popularity, it means that<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>it\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>being<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>played around the entire globe. The entire<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>globe<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>means that<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess is played in a wide variety of languages and cultures.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>With high-level<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>players<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>from<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>across the world<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>playing the game<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>professionally<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>in many different countries,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>making them apart<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a community, one of many involved with chess. Another community could be a local or college chess team where they communicate with each other and their opponents.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>more communicative community<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>is would be<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the chess players of the New York City streets who talk trash their opponents who challenge them.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Different communities and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>communication within<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and surrounding<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess are written about in many academic articles.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span>One important aspect of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess community is those who do scientific research on chess. They\u2019ll go into the analytical aspects of the different parts of the game and the effects the game has on people. From young minds to older generations, chess requires the person<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>playing<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>to think analytically and put most,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>if not<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>all<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>their<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>attention,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>into<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the game in front of them. The researchers then take note of their findings and use data to help with their studies while communicating their results.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span>First and foremost an important academic article that deals with the basics<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>language,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>communication,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and one\u2019s personal identity<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>is James Gee\u2019s \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d. Gee mentions in his article the idea of the \u201cidentity kit\u201d, which is about the different factors in one\u2019s life that makes them who they are, this could be<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the different languages they speak<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(18).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Another important term in Gee\u2019s article is \u201cdiscourses\u201d which are the rules of communication in or relates to a specific group (19).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Discourses also have specifications, Gee mentions \u201cprimary discourse\u201d and \u201csecondary discourses\u201d, for primary it\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>more of a groundwork for a discourse and in secondary it\u2019s built upon the primary discourse creating its own new discourse and group (22).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Some important Gee terms that are<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>also<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>related to the chess academic articles are \u201clearning\u201d, \u201cacquisition\u201d, and \u201cliteracy\u201d.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>For \u201clearning\u201d it\u2019s the steps taken to set out and acquire specific information and \u201cacquisition\u201d is when you learn information through your personal experiences (20). Also, \u201cliteracy\u201d is known as an understanding<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a topic or language.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span>Furthermore, an academic article that<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>focuses<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>on the positive effect chess has on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the mind of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a student is \u201cDidactic Potential of Chess Game and Its Influence on Student Achievement\u201d. This article was written by<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Abdulhalim<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Khamidovich<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahmudov<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and many other<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>researchers from the Uzbek Scientific<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Research<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Institute<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Pedagogical<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Sciences and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Gulistan State University, which<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>are located in<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Uzbekistan.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>This article fits in between the academic articles of education and chess because of its correlation with each other.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahumudov\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>point of the article is to show how<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the complex<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>thinking related to chess and teaching the game to students can help with their performance in academics<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(3).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Chess can be a very complex game with high-level thinking involved,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>similar to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>academics<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>requiring<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>high-level thinking.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The authors came to this by analyzing the level of performance in chess by each student and how well each of them was in their subjects<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(5).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>An important part of the research is the participants, knowing the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>participants’<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>interest in school could be very beneficial.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahumudov<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and the other researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>did this by marking which students performed high-level moves in chess, their learning habits and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>interests in learning<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(7). Also,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Makhmudov<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and the other researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>took note of each of the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>students’<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>grades who are chess players<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(8).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The team of researchers handled all this data by using graphs and charts for their study (7).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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In addition,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahumudov<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and the other researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>figured that the complex level of thinking required in chess resulted directly with their improvement in their courses as well<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(8). Especially an increase in mathematics<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>was found in those<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>who excelled in chess<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(8).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahumudov\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>data<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>also<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>shows<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>improvement in foreign languages<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>as well<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(8). From<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahumadov\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>studies<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>it shows that students who play chess excel in their subjects<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>that require complex<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>thinking (9).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>After these studies I think they should do more research for a longer<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>period of time<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>with<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>more subjects in different locations.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>By doing this they would get a good idea of some areas where chess isn\u2019t<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>as<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>common compared to ones<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>where<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>it is.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>They<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>should look more at how a student handles a complex<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>problem,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>from one who plays chess to one who doesn\u2019t<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>as well. I would try and see how a group of students does when they are<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>newly<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>introduced to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess at the beginning of the school year.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cDidactic Potential of Chess Game and Its Influence on Student Achievement\u201d by<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Abdulhalim<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Khamidovich<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahmudov<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>is relevant because it is showing the scientific study community of chess and how they communicate and write about their findings related to chess.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Specifically,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>in this article the community of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>are focused on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>communicating<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>how<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>play chess and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>how<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>being good at it can result in<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>good<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>academic performance. This relates to Gee\u2019s \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>because each of the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>researchers in this article share a similar \u201cprimary discourse\u201d and \u201cidentity kit\u201d with the research being conducted by<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>from Uzbekistan.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Also, some students needed a \u201cliteracy\u201d in chess for the study to be conducted, knowing how to play the game to show how well they improve their academics.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Moving on,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>another<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>academic article related to the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>scientific<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>research of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess is<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the \u201cEffects of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>mindfulness-<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>acceptance-based<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>interventions on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>performance and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>psychological<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>variables in<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>systematic<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>review\u201d. This academic article was written by<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Silvia Sole and other<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>researchers from<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Spain<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>with connections to many Spain Universities.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The main point of this article<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Silvia Sole and the other researchers want to bring<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>attention to the psychological aspects of chess and how chess players working with psychologists can help improve<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>their game<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(5).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Silvia Sole and the other researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>came to their findings on how<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>psychology can help chess players improve<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>by<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>holding studies with different skill-level<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>players and trying different psychological techniques on them<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(7).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The findings<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Silvia<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Sole and the other researchers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>found were that the chess players responded well, improving their game after going through multi-hour-long psychological sessions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>According to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>these findings it proves<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>it\u2019s beneficial for chess players do work<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>phycologists<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and do their<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>exercises<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(14).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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After the study<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>from \u201cEffects of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>mindfulness-<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>acceptance-based<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>interventions on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>performance and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>psychological<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>variables in<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>systematic<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>review\u201d by Silvia Sole and other researchers from Spain<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>more research should be done on what the most effective method is with chess players and the long-term effects of the methods on them. This study relates to the other studies because it is under the scientific research of chess<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>umbrella. This one also<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>focuses<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>on improving your mental<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>effects<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>aspect<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>like the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>previous<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>academic article mentions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>This one is related to my personal interests in psychology and focusing in on helping someone become better with their tasks as well. Being able to help someone improve themselves and help them succeed is incredibly important.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The relation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>between this article and Gee\u2019s \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d is that the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess players studied<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>are<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>very involved<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>in chess, making it one their \u201csecondary discourses\u201d and could even be a part of their \u201cidentity kit\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span>In addition to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the other academic articles focusing on the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>positive<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>effects of chess<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>has<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the mind<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>is<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>another article titled<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u201cThe Effects of Chess Instruction on Academic and Non-Cognitive Outcomes: Field Experimental Evidence from a Developing Country\u201d. This article was written by Asad Islam,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Wang-Sheng Lee, and Aaron Nicholas who are all from universities in Australia. More specifically, Asad Islam is from Monash University in Melbourne and Wang-Sheng Lee with Aaron Nichols are from Deakin University in Geelong.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Also, it\u2019s important to mention this article was written in collaboration with<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the Institute of Labor Economics otherwise known as<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>IZA.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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According to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u201cThe Effects of Chess Instruction on Academic and Non-Cognitive Outcomes: Field Experimental Evidence from a Developing Country\u201d by Asad Islam, Wang-Sheng Lee, and Aaron Nicholas that chess can help students improve their abilities in math and critical thinking (4). This is very interesting to see how a very well-known board game can help positively affect<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>important mental abilities. Islam, Lee, and Nicholas came to their findings by studying<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and using data of young students from different schools in Bangladesh, telling<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>how well they perform in some timed cognitive tests, including ones focused on math<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>after taking part in<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess training program (7).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Using time and many different schools in this study<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>is definitely<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a great way of being able to get accurate<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and diverse<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>results. The findings Islam, Lee, and Nicholas came up with<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>were<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>that<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess training they gave to the students mainly helped with their ability to avoid risks and make well thought out risk choices but not enough with improving cognitive abilities on academic<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tests (21).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The meaning of these findings<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>show<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>that the chess program used might not have been enough to show direct results related to academic improvement (21).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Being able to help young kids learn to be better with<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>choices and risks they take is very important to their futures.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Some new studies that could be used<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>might be implementing a new chess program or using different programs<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>for<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>students to see which program works best. Also, trying this in other countries or working with older students could be beneficial to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the study.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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This article titled \u201cThe Effects of Chess Instruction on Academic and Non-Cognitive Outcomes: Field Experimental Evidence from a Developing Country\u201d by Asad Islam, Wang-Sheng Lee, and Aaron Nicholas is related to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>other academic articles in this synthesis.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The relation comes from<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>all<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the articles featured scientific researchers looking at<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and communicating<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the ways chess could potentially benefit<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>one\u2019s mind. There is a specific relation between this article and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Abdulhalim<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Khamidovich<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mahmudov\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u201cDidactic Potential of Chess Game and Its Influence on Student Achievement\u201d. Both articles focus on the exploration of how learning and knowing how to play Chess could help a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>student<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>improve<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>their studies and cognitive ability.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The relation between this article and Gee\u2019s literacy is the researchers \u201cidentity kit\u201d in this study is that their<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Australian and those being researched in the study are from Bangladesh. Also, some students<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>in the study acquired their skills in chess through<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u201cacquisition\u201d.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Overall, the academic articles in this synthesis have shown that the game of chess can be used in academic research. Specifically, the articles have shown research<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>into<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>how chess could have<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a great impact<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>on our mental<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>capabilities. Also, the terms used in Gee\u2019s \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d can be applied to the academic articles because of their close relation between each other.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In conclusion, teaching students how to play chess and showing chess players different psychological exercises could be<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>very beneficial<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>to them.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Works Cited<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Gee, James. \u201cWhat is Literacy\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Journal of Education<\/i><\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>Volume<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>171,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Number 1, November 1, 1989, pp<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>18-25.<\/span> <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/academic.jamespaulgee.com\/publications\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Accessed 8 February 2021.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Islam,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Asadul,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>et al. \u201cThe Effects of Chess Instruction on\u00a0<\/span>Academic and Non-Cognitive Outcomes: Field Experimental\u00a0<\/span>Evidence from a Developing Country\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>IZA Discussion\u00a0<\/i><\/span>Papers<\/i><\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>No. 12550, August 2019.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.iza.org\/publications\/dp\/12550\/the-effects-of-chess-instruction-on-academic-and-non-cognitive-outcomes-field-experimental-evidence-from-a-developing-country<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Accessed 16 February 2021.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahmudov,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Abdulhalim<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Khamidovich, et al.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u201cDidactic Potential\u00a0<\/span>of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Chess Game and Its Influence on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Student Achievement\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>PalArch\u2019s<\/i><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span>Journal of Archaeology of Egypt \/ Egyptology<\/i><\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>vol. 17, no. 6, Nov 2020.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>https:\/\/archives.palarch.nl\/index.php\/jae\/article\/view\/2804<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Accessed 16 February 2021.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sole, Silvia, et al.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u201cEffects of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>mindfulness-<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>acceptance-<\/span>based<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>interventions on<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>performance and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>psychological\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>variables in<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>chess:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>systematic<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>review\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ResearchGate,\u00a0<\/i><\/span>January 2021.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/348192285_Effects_of_mindfulness-_and_acceptance-based_interventions_on_performance_and_psychological_variables_in_chess_A_systematic_review<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Accessed 16 February 2021.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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