{"id":107,"date":"2021-01-27T17:40:01","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T17:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understandingreligion\/chapter\/sihkism\/"},"modified":"2024-08-20T21:23:37","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T21:23:37","slug":"sihkism","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/understandingreligion\/chapter\/sihkism\/","title":{"rendered":"4.5 Sikhism"},"content":{"raw":" \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_330\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"200\"]\"<\/a> 19th century mural painting from Gurdwara Baba Atal depicting Nanak[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe Sikhs are a later development in the Dharmic traditions, and came about through one man, initially, Guru Nanak.\u00a0 Gurus are central to Sikh beliefs and values, and there are 10 that were followed in the beginning as this tradition developed.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n
\r\n

Getting Started: a little history and background<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\nAn overview of the founding of the Sikh religion started by Guru Nanak.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/925fZ4WKISo\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\nWe then use materials from a number of articles written by Eleanor Nesbitt [footnote]Written by Eleanor Nesbitt Eleanor Nesbitt is Professor Emerita (Religions and Education) at the University of Warwick. Her ethnographic studies have focused on Christian, Hindu, Sikh and 'mixed-faith' families in the UK. She has published extensively on Hindu and Sikh communities. Her recent publications include: Sikhism A Very Short Introduction (2nd edn 2016, Oxford University Press) and (with Kailash Puri) Pool of Life: The Autobiography of a Punjabi Agony Aunt (2013, Sussex Academic Press). She is co-editor of Brill's Encyclopedia of Sikhism and her forthcoming publication is Sikh: Two Centuries of Western Women's Art and Writing (2020, Kashi Books).[\/footnote], through the British Library Sacred Texts site:\r\n\r\n\" There are currently about 24 million Sikhs worldwide. The majority live in the Indian state of Punjab. They regard Guru Nanak (1469\u20131539 CE) as the founder of their faith and Guru Gobind Singh (1666\u20131708 CE), the tenth Guru, as the Guru who formalized their religion. Religions and religious teachers do not exist in a vacuum: India, in the Gurus\u2019 time, was ruled by Mughal emperors who were Muslim. Punjabi society was a mix of Muslims and Hindus.\r\n\r\nThe Sikh religion has evolved from the Gurus\u2019 teachings, and from their followers\u2019 devotion, into a world religion with its own scripture, code of discipline, gurdwaras <\/em>(places of worship), festivals and life cycle rites and Sikhs share in a strong sense of identity and celebrate their distinctive history.\r\n\r\nA central principle of the Gurus\u2019 teaching is the importance of integrating spirituality with carrying out one\u2019s responsibilities. Sikhs should perform\u00a0seva\u00a0 <\/em>(voluntary service of others) while at the same time practicing simaran\u00a0 <\/em>(remembrance of God). The ideal is to be a\u00a0sant sipahi<\/em>\u00a0(warrior saint) i.e. a person who combines spiritual qualities with a readiness for courageous action. Guru Nanak, the first Guru, and Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru, continue to feature prominently in Sikhs\u2019 experience of their religion.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_653\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"251\"]\"This<\/a> This painting shows Guru Nanak sleeping inside the main mosque in Mecca with his feet towards Kaaba. An upset Muslim cleric is asking him to turn his feet away from the symbol of God.[\/caption]\r\n

Who was Guru Nanak?<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nGuru Nanak was born in 1469 in Talvandi, a place now renamed Nankana Sahib, in the state of Punjab in present-day Pakistan. His parents were Hindus and they were Khatri by caste, which meant that they had a family tradition of account-keeping. The name \u2018Nanak\u2019, like Nanaki, his sister\u2019s name, may indicate that they were born in their mother\u2019s parents\u2019 home, known in Punjabi as their\u00a0nanake<\/em>. Guru Nanak\u2019s wife was called Sulakhani and she bore two sons. Until a life-changing religious experience, Nanak was employed as a store keeper for the local Muslim governor.\r\n\r\nOne day, when he was about thirty, he experienced being swept into God\u2019s presence, while he was having his daily bath in the river. The result was that he gave away his possessions and began his life\u2019s work of communicating his spiritual insights. This he did by composing poetic compositions which he sang to the accompaniment of a rabab<\/em>, the stringed instrument that his Muslim travelling companion, Mardana, played. After travelling extensively Guru Nanak settled down, gathering a community of disciples (Sikhs) around him, in a place known as Kartarpur (\u2018Creator Town\u2019).\r\n\r\nGuru Nanak\u2019s poems (or\u00a0shabads<\/em>) in the Guru Granth Sahib (scripture) give a clear sense of his awareness of there being one supreme reality (ik oankar<\/em>) behind the world\u2019s many phenomena. His\u00a0shabads\u00a0 <\/em>emphasize the need for integrity rather than outward displays of being religious, plus the importance of being mindful of God\u2019s name (nam<\/em>) and being generous to others through\u00a0dan\u00a0<\/em>(pronounced like the English word \u2018darn\u2019) i.e. giving to others. His poems are rich in word-pictures of animals and birds and human activities such as farming and commerce.\r\n\r\n \r\n
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Example of the central concept in\u00a0 Guru Nanak's ideas<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\nWatch this story by Jagjit Singh from the organization \"Zero Hunger with Langar\" about his meeting with a Muslim Imam in a village in Africa. Sharing Guru Nanak Dev Ji's simple message of One God and Many paths, and respecting ALL. Be the best you Sikh, Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jew you can be!\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RfcBI_cXe74\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\nGuru Nanak\u2019s importance results not just from his inspirational teaching but also from the practical basis he provided for a new religious movement: he established a community of his followers in Kartarpur and he appointed a successor, Guru Angad, on the basis of his devoted service. Guru Nanak is respected as \u2018Baba Nanak\u2019 by Punjabi Muslims as well as by Sikhs and Punjabi Hindus.\r\n\r\nEach year Sikhs celebrate his birthday on the day of the full moon in November. Like other\u00a0gurpurabs\u00a0<\/em>(festivals commemorating a Guru) it is marked by an\u00a0akhand path<\/em>\u00a0(pronounced like \u2018part\u2019), a 48-hour, continuous, complete reading of the Guru Granth Sahib which ends on the festival morning. Commemorative events in 2019 celebrated the 550th anniversary of Guru Nanak\u2019s birth.\r\n\r\n \r\n

What is the concept of Guru in Sikhism?<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nAt first Nanak was called \u2018Baba Nanak\u2019, with \u2018Baba\u2019 being an affectionate term, like \u2018grandfather\u2019, for an older man. These days he is better known as Guru Nanak. Just as the word \u2018Sikh\u2019 means learner, so \u2018Guru\u2019 means teacher.\r\n\r\n \r\n
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Key Takeaway<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\n\"Just as the word \u2018Sikh\u2019 means learner, so \u2018Guru\u2019 means teacher. \"\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QNPhLQmR5W0\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\nSikhs explain \u2018Guru\u2019 as meaning \u2018remover of darkness\u2019. There have been just ten human Gurus. Their lives spanned the period from Nanak\u2019s birth in 1469 to the passing away of Guru Gobind Singh in 1708. Since then the Sikhs\u2019 living Guru has been the Guru Granth Sahib<\/strong>, the sacred volume of scripture. The Guru Granth Sahib is much more than a book: it is believed to embody the Guru as well as containing compositions by six of the ten Gurus. The preeminent Guru (Nanak\u2019s Guru) is God, whose many names include \u2018Satguru\u2019 (the true Guru) and \u2018Waheguru\u2019 (a name which began as an exclamation of praise).\r\n\r\n \r\n

Centrality of the Guru Granth Sahib<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nThe Guru Granth Sahib is the sacred text of the Sikh community and the embodiment of the Guru. It is central to the lives of devout Sikhs, both in the sense of being physically present in the\u00a0gurdwara\u00a0 (<\/em>place of worship) <\/em>and as Sikhs\u2019 ultimate spiritual authority. Moreover, each day devout Sikhs hear or recite the scriptural passages that constitute their daily prayers and the Guru Granth Sahib also plays an integral part in life cycle rites and festivals.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_681\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]\"The<\/a> The Chauri is a whisk that is waved when the Guru Granth Sahib is being read.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAs the Granth Sahib is Sikhs\u2019 spiritual teacher, their Guru, it is honored as a sovereign used to be, centuries ago in India. The 1430-page volume is enthroned under a canopy and it reposes on cushions on the palki\u00a0<\/em>(literally palanquin i.e. the special stand). An attendant waves a\u00a0chauri\u00a0<\/em>above it when it is open and being read: the\u00a0chauri\u00a0<\/em>is a fan consisting of yak tail hair set in a wooden handle. When not being read, the volume is covered by red and gold cloths known as\u00a0rumalas<\/em>, and in many\u00a0gurdwaras<\/em>, after the late evening prayer, it is ceremonially carried to a special bedroom where it is laid to rest.\r\n\r\nThose Sikhs who keep the Guru Granth Sahib at home honor it in a room of its own. If a copy is temporarily housed in a Sikh\u2019s home for the duration of a path<\/em>\u00a0(reading of the entire volume) strict rules are observed \u2013 for example no non-vegetarian food is kept or cooked. In other words, the house is temporarily a gurdwara.\r\n\r\n \r\n
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Example of the Guru Granth Sahib<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\nThe sheer size of the\u00a0Gur\u016b Granth S\u0101hib<\/em>\u00a0and the rituals that are observed when it is enthroned and opened for recitation, make for difficulties in its use as a book of private devotion. From quite early on it therefore became common to compile\u00a0gutke\u00a0<\/em>or short anthologies of the principal hymns, the best-known being those called\u00a0pa\u00f1j-granth\u012b<\/em>, containing five major hymns. Over time other hymns were also added.\r\n

\"Described<\/a><\/h3>\r\nThis\u00a0gutk\u0101\u00a0<\/em>(anthology) was prepared between 1828\u20131830 for Mah\u0101r\u0101n\u012b Jind Kaur, popularly known as R\u0101n\u012b Jind\u0101n (1817\u20131863). It consists of three compositions from the\u00a0Gur\u016b Granth S\u0101hib<\/em>, beginning with Gur\u016b N\u0101nak\u2019s\u00a0Sidh Gos\u1e6di<\/em>, followed by\u00a0B\u0101van Akhar\u012b<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Sukhman\u012b<\/em>, two compositions by the fifth spiritual master of the Sikhs, Gur\u016b Arjan.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\nSikhs believe that all ten human Gurus embodied the same spirit of Guruship and that their different styles were appropriate to the differing circumstances in which they lived. Guru Nanak\u2019s first four successors, Guru Angad Dev, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das and Guru Arjan Dev, were also poets. Their compositions, together with Guru Nanak\u2019s, became the basis of the Guru Granth Sahib. While their spiritual emphasis seamlessly continued Guru Nanak\u2019s, each made a distinctive contribution to Sikh community life. Guru Angad formalized the Gurmukhi script in which the scripture is written. It was almost certainly developed from the shorthand that accountants used for keeping their accounts, as a simpler version of the script that is still used for the older language of Sanskrit.\r\n\r\nSikhs turn to the Guru Granth Sahib for guidance when they face a dilemma. The time-honored method is for the volume to be opened at random and for the words of the hymn at the top of the left-hand page to be taken as the Guru\u2019s response. This guidance is called a vak<\/em>. A\u00a0vak <\/em>\u00a0is taken each day in all gurdwaras and the words are displayed for everyone to read.\r\n\r\n \r\n

Life Style Features of Sikh Life<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nGuru Amar Das made the\u00a0langar\u00a0 <\/em>a key feature of Sikh life: a shared vegetarian meal eaten by people of all ranks sitting together regardless of their social status. His other innovations included setting up a Sikh place of pilgrimage and appointing preachers to lead local Sikh congregations. His son-in-law and successor, Guru Ram Das appointed stewards-cum-missionaries to organize worship and collect offerings and he started the settlement which in due course was renamed Amritsar.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn observant Sikh families a child\u2019s name is chosen on the basis of a\u00a0vak<\/em>, as the first word of the hymn on the left-hand page provides the initial for the infant\u2019s given name. So, if the first word began with \u2018s\u2019, names such as Sukhvinder, Satnam and Simran might be considered. Most Sikh forenames are unisex: in a boy\u2019s case his name will be announced as, for example, \u2018Satnam Singh\u2019 while a girl would be \u2018Satnam Kaur\u2019.\r\n\r\nThe Guru Granth Sahib is literally at the heart of the rite of\u00a0anand karaj<\/em>\u00a0(marriage), as \u2013 linked by a scarf that hangs over the groom\u2019s\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_655\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]\"A<\/a> A Sikh couple getting married. Anand Karaj ceremony.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nright shoulder \u2013 the couple walk around it clockwise four times, with the groom leading the way and the bride following close behind him. She is helped on her way by her close male relatives. Before each round, the officiant reads one stanza of Guru Ram Das\u2019s hymn entitled\u00a0Lavan\u00a0<\/em>(Guru Granth Sahib, page 773) and the\u00a0ragis\u00a0<\/em>(musicians) sing this again as the bridegroom precedes the bride around the\u00a0palki<\/em>. The stanzas of the\u00a0Lavan\u00a0<\/em>evoke the progress of the human soul and the enthroned scripture is witness to the marriage. The service concludes with six verses of Anand Sahib (Guru Amar Das\u2019s composition on pages 917-922 of Guru Granth Sahib), followed by the\u00a0Ardas<\/em>\u00a0(congregational prayer) and a distribution of\u00a0karah prasad\u00a0<\/em>(made from ghee, sugar, wheat flour and water).\r\n\r\nAt a Sikh\u2019s funeral, the late evening prayers (kirtan sohilla<\/em>) are recited and, following someone\u2019s death, the entire Guru Granth Sahib is read over a period of up to ten days (this is known as a\u00a0sahaj path<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0sadharan path<\/em>). The ashes of the deceased person are immersed in a river \u2013 in many cases the river Satluj at the town of Kiratpur in north India.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_654\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]\"The<\/a> The Darbar Sahib of a Gurdwara in New Delhi, India.[\/caption]\r\n

Sikh Worship<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nSikhs worship in Gurdwaras.\r\n\r\nA\u00a0gurdwara\u00a0<\/em>is a building in which Sikhs gather for congregational worship. However, wherever the Guru Granth Sahib is installed is a sacred place for Sikhs, whether this is a room in a private house or a\u00a0gurdwara<\/em>. The word is often translated as \u2018doorway to the Guru\u2019 and it means the place in which the Guru, embodied in the Guru Granth Sahib, is resident and honoured. In the 18th and 19th centuries the word\u00a0gurdwara\u00a0<\/em>gradually replaced the earlier term \u2018dharamsala\u2019 for rooms used for religious purposes during the Gurus\u2019 lifetimes.\r\n\r\nThere are\u00a0gurdwaras\u00a0<\/em>in every country where Sikh communities have settled. In the UK alone there are probably about 300\u00a0gurdwaras<\/em>. In the early years of Sikh settlement in the UK, rented premises served as\u00a0gurdwaras<\/em>. The next stage was to purchase a building and modify it for Sikh worship. An increasing number of\u00a0gurdwaras\u00a0<\/em>are purpose-built, with architectural features inspired by historic\u00a0gurdwaras\u00a0<\/em>in India.\r\n\r\nIn a\u00a0gurdwara\u00a0<\/em>both men and women must wear a head covering to show their respect for the Guru Granth Sahib and footwear must be removed on entering the building. No tobacco or non-vegetarian food is allowed inside and no-one may enter under the influence of alcohol. In the worship hall it is respectful to bow before the enthroned Guru Granth Sahib and then sit on the floor, cross-legged and facing the Guru Granth Sahib.\r\n\r\nMost of the Sikh historic\u00a0gurdwaras\u00a0<\/em>are in north India though some are in Pakistan. (In the Gurus\u2019 time, and until 1947, the Punjab region was not bisected by a national frontier, as Pakistan had not been created.) The architecture of major historic\u00a0gurdwaras<\/em>, involving fluted cupolas (gumbads<\/em>), is influenced by Mughal style. Famous gurdwaras in Pakistan commemorate Guru Nanak\u2019s life: in Nankana Sahib a gurdwara\u00a0 <\/em>marks the place where he was born and at Kartarpur Sahib a\u00a0gurdwara<\/em> stands where he founded a settlement and (in 1539) passed away. Equally well-known is Panja Sahib gurdwara\u00a0<\/em>in Hasan Abdal (about 40 kilometres north-west of Islamabad), where a rock bears what is believed to be the imprint of Guru Nanak\u2019s hand.\r\n\r\nThe title \u2018sahib<\/em>\u2019 in the names of cities (e.g. Anandpur Sahib) and major\u00a0gurdwaras<\/em>\u00a0expresses Sikhs\u2019 reverence for locations associated with their Gurus\u2019 lives.\r\n\r\nFive notable\u00a0gurdwaras\u00a0 <\/em>in India are known as\u00a0takhts<\/em>:\u00a0takht\u00a0<\/em>means throne or seat of authority.\r\n\r\n \r\n
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Example of a Gurdwara: HARIMANDIR SAHIB(Golden_Temple)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\n\"Harimandir<\/a>\r\n\r\nSikhs emphasize the fact that Harmandir Sahib has entrances on all four sides, reminding them that the gurdwara\u00a0<\/em>is open to every sort of person. This symbolises a Sikh commitment to equality regardless of gender, religion or ethnicity. According to tradition, at Guru Arjan Dev\u2019s invitation, a\u00a0pir\u00a0<\/em>(Muslim spiritual master) laid the gurdwara\u2019s foundation stone, so affirming inter-religious friendship.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\nThe Akal Takht (\u2018throne of the Timeless One\u2019) is in Amritsar (Punjab), facing the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple), and it is the highest seat of authority. The Akal Takht was first established by Guru Hargobind and the two\u00a0nishan sahibs\u00a0<\/em>(pennants flying from flagpoles, honored and clad in orange cloth) are a reminder of his two swords that signified the principle of miri piri<\/em>\u00a0(a balance of worldly and spiritual authority).\r\n\r\n \r\n

What are the Sikh festivals?<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nThe Sikh religious calendar consists of\u00a0melas\u00a0<\/em>(literally \u2018fairs\u2019) and\u00a0gurpurabs\u00a0<\/em>(anniversaries of Gurus). The Vaisakhi festival in April is the\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_657\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"371\"]\"A<\/a> A demonstration of the Vaddah Chakar, the Sikh martial arts weapon, during the 2010 Vaisakhi Festival in Southampton[\/caption]\r\n\r\nmost important mela, a commemoration of the founding of the\u00a0Khalsa\u00a0<\/em>in 1699 at the first\u00a0khande di pahul<\/em>\u00a0on what was already a spring harvest day in the calendar of Punjabi celebrations. Notable\u00a0gurpurabs\u00a0<\/em>are the birthdays of Guru Nanak (celebrated on the day of the November full moon) and Guru Gobind Singh; the\u00a0shahidi\u00a0<\/em>(martyrdom) days of Guru Arjan and Guru Teg Bahadar and the anniversary of the day when the Guru Granth Sahib was installed in the Harmandir Sahib.\r\n\r\nUntil recent years Sikh festivals were observed according to the north Indian Bikrami calendar. As most anniversaries were determined by the phase of the moon, the date would vary each year by the secular western calendar. In the 21st century many Sikhs instead follow the Nanakshahi calendar in which most festivals\u2019 dates have a fixed date according to the secular calendar.\r\n\r\n48 hours before the morning of the festival, an\u00a0akhand path\u00a0<\/em>begins. On major festivals there is an extended\u00a0kirtan\u00a0<\/em>in the\u00a0gurdwara\u00a0<\/em>and, in some cities, Vaisakhi or the birthday of Guru Gobind Singh may be celebrated with a\u00a0nagar kirtan<\/em>. This means that the Guru Granth Sahib, duly enthroned and attended, is driven slowly through the streets.\u00a0Panj piare<\/em>, dressed in orange, blue or white, provide the vanguard and hundreds or thousands of Sikhs follow in joyful procession, while refreshments are offered to the walkers by volunteers along the route.\r\n\r\n \r\n
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The evolution of a religion...from the Khan Academy<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/lIHJcTf31NM\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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Listening to a modern Sikh woman talk about love.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5ErKrSyUpEo\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"\"<\/a>\r\n
\r\n\r\nNesbitt, Eleanor. \u201cOrigins and Development of Sikh Faith: The Gurus.\u201d The British Library:Discovering Sacred Texts<\/i>, The British Library, 3 Dec. 2018, www.bl.uk\/sacred-texts\/articles\/origins-and-development-of-sikh-faith-the-gurus.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nNesbitt, Eleanor. \u201cSikhism: A Very Short Introduction | Eleanor Nesbitt.\u201d A Very Short Introduction: Oxford Press<\/i>, Oxford Press, 23 June 2016, www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QNPhLQmR5W0.\r\n\r\n \r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\u201cGuru Nanak's Universal Message in 60 Seconds!\u201d Sikhnet.com<\/i>, YouTube, 26 Nov. 2019, www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RfcBI_cXe74.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\nNesbitt, Eleanor. \u201cSikh Prayer and Worship.\u201d The British Library: Discovering Sacred Texts<\/i>, The British Library, 3 Dec. 2018, www.bl.uk\/sacred-texts\/articles\/sikh-prayer-and-worship.\r\n\r\n \r\n
<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nNesbitt, Eleanor. \u201cSikh Sacred Places.\u201d The British Library: Discovering Sacred Texts<\/i>, The British Library, 17 May 2019, www.bl.uk\/sacred-texts\/articles\/sikh-sacred-places.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u201c3 Lessons of Revolutionary Love in a Time of Rage | Valarie Kaur.\u201d Ted Talks<\/i>, 5 Mar. 2018, www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5ErKrSyUpEo.\r\n\r\n \r\n
<\/div>\r\n\u201cSikhism Introduction.\u201d Khan Academy: Sikhism Introduction<\/i>, Khan Academy, 2021, www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/world-history\/renaissance-and-reformation\/sikhism\/v\/sikhism-introduction-khan-academy-world-history.\r\n\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n\u201cContinuity: Connections to Hinduism and Islam.\u201d Khan Academy: Sikh Connections to Hinduism and Islam<\/i>, Khan Academy, 2021, www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/world-history\/renaissance-and-reformation\/sikhism\/v\/continuity-sikhism-connections-to-hinduism-and-islam.\r\n
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\"19th<\/a>
19th century mural painting from Gurdwara Baba Atal depicting Nanak<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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The Sikhs are a later development in the Dharmic traditions, and came about through one man, initially, Guru Nanak.\u00a0 Gurus are central to Sikh beliefs and values, and there are 10 that were followed in the beginning as this tradition developed.<\/p>\n

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Getting Started: a little history and background<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

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An overview of the founding of the Sikh religion started by Guru Nanak.<\/p>\n