{"id":308,"date":"2026-06-30T17:52:29","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T17:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/western-african-perspectives\/?post_type=chapter&p=308"},"modified":"2026-07-08T17:15:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T17:15:31","slug":"selected-photos","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/western-african-perspectives\/chapter\/selected-photos\/","title":{"rendered":"Selected Photos"},"content":{"raw":"The centuries-old city of Kano (Birnin Kano) is surrounded by a fifteen-mile, decaying mud-brick wall.\u00a0 When used centuries earlier as a fortification, the forty-foot-high walls and moat were annually restored each December as a community project.\u00a0 Photo 1 below shows one of the original fifteen entrance gates, many like this one having been restored with modern construction materials.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_111\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"Yellow Photo 1[\/caption]\r\n\r\nDespite the heavy traffic into the city, the quieter residential streets provide space for a range of activities, especially for children. Photo 2 show one group of boys preparing to play football (soccer) and another group receiving primary Islamic instruction from their local teacher (mallam). Activities of young girls occur more often within the walled compounds (family living quarters) that border these streets.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_121\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"A Photo 2 (stylized)[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_119\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"Islamic Photo 3 (stylized)[\/caption]\r\n\r\nPhoto 4 shows a line of parked go-carts and drivers, the public transportation used by women and their small children when they leave the seclusion of their family.\u00a0 For years they were expected to stay inside their compound until dusk.\u00a0 This custom was relaxed within the more modern suburbs outside the wall of the cities.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_122\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"640\"]\"Line Photo 4[\/caption]\r\n\r\nPhotos 5 and 6 show a festive gathering of women within the city and within the outer wall of a family compound. These women are attending a wedding celebration, awaiting the delivery of the customary bride-price from the men gathered outside.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_126\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Photo 5 (stylized)[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_285\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"7 Photo 6[\/caption]\r\n\r\nPhoto 7 shows a cow that is being herded back into the city after a daytime of grazing outside the city walls.\u00a0 In the northern area of the city, one often sees boys herding cows, goats, or sheep to locations inside or outside the walls.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_286\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"Cow Photo 7[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAbout two miles outside the walls is the modern Bayero University, with an enrollment of over 30,000 male and female students, all in shared solace unlike in the city. \u00a0\u00a0After passing through a busy entrance gate staffed by security officers (Photo 8), one enters a serene academic campus with spacious buildings (Photos 9-12).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_287\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"City Photo 8[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_288\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"A Photo 9[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_290\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"Serene Photo 10[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_291\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"A Photo 11[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"Words Photo 12[\/caption]\r\n\r\nHere students are taking final examinations, seated in a large patio next to their department building (Photos 13-14).<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_293\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"Dozens Photo 13[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_294\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"Students Photo 14[\/caption]\r\n\r\nDuring this summer of 2007, the city political leaders were receptive to data collection by the Sociology Department, a survey of adolescents residing in a sample of wards within the city, replicating a survey done twice earlier. \u00a0Photos 15 and 16 show interviews conducted by students of the department.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_296\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"2 Photo 15[\/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_295\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"2 Photo 16[\/caption]\r\n\r\nFinally, at the conclusion of the data collection, this group project was celebrated with an exchange of gifts, Photo 17 shows the editor wearing his new baba riga, the formal attire of Hausa men, next to the presenter, Dr. Salisu Abdullahi, a faculty colleague and former student.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_297\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"This Photo 17[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThis final photo (18) shows one of the ward heads who helped identify and locate the youth in his ward in the current and previous survey.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_298\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"2 Photo 18[\/caption]\r\n\r\n ","rendered":"

The centuries-old city of Kano (Birnin Kano) is surrounded by a fifteen-mile, decaying mud-brick wall.\u00a0 When used centuries earlier as a fortification, the forty-foot-high walls and moat were annually restored each December as a community project.\u00a0 Photo 1 below shows one of the original fifteen entrance gates, many like this one having been restored with modern construction materials.<\/p>\n

\"Yellow
Photo 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Despite the heavy traffic into the city, the quieter residential streets provide space for a range of activities, especially for children. Photo 2 show one group of boys preparing to play football (soccer) and another group receiving primary Islamic instruction from their local teacher (mallam). Activities of young girls occur more often within the walled compounds (family living quarters) that border these streets.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"A
Photo 2 (stylized)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Islamic
Photo 3 (stylized)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Photo 4 shows a line of parked go-carts and drivers, the public transportation used by women and their small children when they leave the seclusion of their family.\u00a0 For years they were expected to stay inside their compound until dusk.\u00a0 This custom was relaxed within the more modern suburbs outside the wall of the cities.<\/p>\n

\"Line
Photo 4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Photos 5 and 6 show a festive gathering of women within the city and within the outer wall of a family compound. These women are attending a wedding celebration, awaiting the delivery of the customary bride-price from the men gathered outside.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Photo 5 (stylized)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"7
Photo 6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Photo 7 shows a cow that is being herded back into the city after a daytime of grazing outside the city walls.\u00a0 In the northern area of the city, one often sees boys herding cows, goats, or sheep to locations inside or outside the walls.<\/p>\n

\"Cow
Photo 7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

About two miles outside the walls is the modern Bayero University, with an enrollment of over 30,000 male and female students, all in shared solace unlike in the city. \u00a0\u00a0After passing through a busy entrance gate staffed by security officers (Photo 8), one enters a serene academic campus with spacious buildings (Photos 9-12).<\/p>\n

\"City
Photo 8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"A
Photo 9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Serene
Photo 10<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"A
Photo 11<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Words
Photo 12<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Here students are taking final examinations, seated in a large patio next to their department building (Photos 13-14).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Dozens
Photo 13<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Students
Photo 14<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

During this summer of 2007, the city political leaders were receptive to data collection by the Sociology Department, a survey of adolescents residing in a sample of wards within the city, replicating a survey done twice earlier. \u00a0Photos 15 and 16 show interviews conducted by students of the department.<\/p>\n

\"2
Photo 15<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"2
Photo 16<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Finally, at the conclusion of the data collection, this group project was celebrated with an exchange of gifts, Photo 17 shows the editor wearing his new baba riga, the formal attire of Hausa men, next to the presenter, Dr. Salisu Abdullahi, a faculty colleague and former student.<\/p>\n

\"This
Photo 17<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

This final photo (18) shows one of the ward heads who helped identify and locate the youth in his ward in the current and previous survey.<\/p>\n

\"2
Photo 18<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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