Part Two: Polish Immigration to the United States by Alice Boberg and Ralph Wroblewski
Poles in World War II
Recruitment Attempts
Shortly after the German attack on Poland and the bombing of Warsaw, appeals were made to gain the support of the American Poles and their descendants similar to those made at the outbreak of World War I.
General Sikorski and other renowned Polish leaders toured the United States and spoke to residents earnestly soliciting their help. The recruitment was poor, however, as the second and third generation young American Poles were willing to fight only in the American Army.[1]
During a second tour through the United States, Sikorski’s appeals to the Poles were filled with sarcastic remarks which accused the Poles of neglecting their homeland. Because of his remarks, Sikorski’s cause was lost. Moreover, the American Poles retaliated in an anger which was shocking. Now there existed an obvious attitudinal change among the American Poles quite different from what was felt in World War I. The PNA (Polish National Alliance) stated in their newspaper the “Alliance Daily”: “We have our own problems.” The concern for Poland was much less than it was in the past. The greater concern was now for America and her war problems.[2] Polish Americans not only enthusiastically supported President Roosevelt’s action on behalf of the anti-axis powers, but also enlisted in great numbers in the military.
Over 900,000 Poles were in the Armed Forces in World War II. Army and Navy records list 20 percent as American Poles. The names of Poles were heard throughout the Marine Corps, Army and Navy, as well as the WACS, SPARS, and WAVES. Throughout the United States recruiting offices stated that 50 percent of their volunteers were of Polish descent and were “among the first to enlist.” Some of the men who attained the rank of General in World War II were: John Wisniewski, Joseph Berzynski, and John Rataj.
Poles at Home
Americans of Polish ancestry contributed to war efforts heavily. The Polish National Alliance and the Polish Roman Catholic Union purchased enough United States bonds to cover the cost of five bombers; all the planes were given Polish names.
They also contributed generously to service organizations and organized special committees to aid both war victims of Poland and Polish refugees. More than ten million dollars was contributed to alleviate the suffering. They also provided additional means for religious services for needy war victims.
Finally, they contributed additional funds for relief, and in doing so, kept alive in America the reasons for Polish freedom.[3]