18.2 Intergovernmental Relations

A key component of federalism is the relationships and interactions between governments.

Intergovernmental relations (IGR) in the United States refer to the interactions and collaborative efforts among different levels of government: federal, state, and local. These relationships are essential for the effective governance and administration of public policies and programs. The concept encompasses both vertical relationships (between different levels of government) and horizontal relationships (among governments at the same level).

Vertical IGR involves the relationships between federal, state, and local governments. These relationships often include activities such as seeking information, funding, administering programs, and seeking technical assistance and regulatory relief. For example, local governments frequently interact with state and federal agencies to secure grants and technical support for various initiatives. Grants categorized as categorical, block, formula, and project grants play a significant role in these interactions by providing necessary funding for specific purposes.

Horizontal IGR refers to the cooperation and collaboration among local governments. This type of relationship is crucial for addressing regional issues that cross jurisdictional boundaries, such as transportation, environmental management, and emergency services. Horizontal activities often include interjurisdictional agreements, contracts, and partnerships which enable local governments to pool resources and expertise to tackle common challenges.

Understanding IGR helps to appreciate the collaborative nature of American governance and the importance of both vertical and horizontal cooperation among government units.

Reference

McGuire, Michael. 2004. Chapter 7 – Relating to Other Organizations in The Effective Local Government Manager, edited by Charldean Newell, 181-207. Washington D.C.: ICMA.