23.7 Amending the Documents

The ability to amend governing documents is a crucial aspect of our democratic system, allowing citizens to adapt and refine the laws that govern them. Each document—the U.S. Constitution, the Ohio Constitution, the Ohio Revised Code, and municipal charters—has its own process for amendments, and historical examples illustrate how these processes have been used to bring about significant changes.

U.S. Constitution

Amending the U.S. Constitution is a challenging process, reflecting the importance of changes to the nation’s foundational laws. An amendment can be proposed either by a two-thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of state legislatures. Once proposed, the amendment must be ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures or by conventions in three-fourths of the states. For example, the 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, which granted women the right to vote, was the result of decades of advocacy and is a powerful example of how the amendment process can lead to significant societal change.

Ohio Constitution

The Ohio Constitution can be amended in several ways. An amendment can be proposed by a three-fifths majority in both houses of the Ohio General Assembly or by a petition signed by a certain number of Ohio voters. Proposed amendments are then put to a statewide vote, where they must be approved by a majority of voters. A historical example is the 1912 amendments, which introduced the initiative and referendum processes, allowing Ohioans to propose and vote on laws directly. This change greatly increased public participation in state governance.

Ohio Revised Code (ORC)

The ORC can be amended through the legislative process. A bill proposing changes to the ORC can be introduced by a member of the Ohio General Assembly, debated, and, if approved by both houses and signed by the governor, becomes law. Citizens can influence these changes through lobbying, public comment, and by voting for representatives who support their views.

Municipal Charters

Amending a home rule charter is typically done through a local process. A city council may propose amendments, or citizens can initiate the process by gathering signatures on a petition. The proposed amendments are then usually voted on by the local electorate. For example, many cities in Ohio have used this process to adopt the council-manager form of government, which has been credited with making local government more professional and efficient.

Empowerment through Civic Action

Understanding the amendment process empowers you to take an active role in shaping the laws that govern your life. These documents are not static; they are living entities that can and should evolve to meet the changing needs of society. By participating in the amendment process, whether through voting, advocacy, or even proposing changes, you become a vital part of the democratic system. This engagement allows you to help shape the future of your community, your state, and your nation, ensuring that the government reflects the will and values of the people it serves.