Chapter 9 – The Governor & Other Executives
9.1 Governor
The Governor of Ohio is the head of the state’s executive branch, with extensive responsibilities and powers. The Governor oversees the execution of state laws, appoints heads of state agencies and departments, prepares the state budget, and grants pardons and reprieves. The Governor can call special legislative sessions and has the authority to veto legislative bills. The Governor’s office is central to Ohio government and politics, making the Governor the chief policy promoter and advocate in Ohio. The role also includes serving as the head of state, attending official ceremonies, and representing Ohio in various capacities.
The Governor’s formal powers include appointment authority, which allows the Governor to appoint officials to key positions within the state government. This power extends to members of various boards and commissions, often with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Governor also plays a major role in budget-making, presenting a biennial budget to the General Assembly, which becomes the basis for legislative deliberations. Additionally, the Governor has strong veto power, including a line-item veto, which can be used to strike specific provisions in appropriation bills.
Another critical aspect of the Governor’s role is the power to call out the Ohio National Guard during emergencies, such as natural disasters or civil disturbances. This authority highlights the Governor’s role as the chief of security and safety for the state. Furthermore, the Governor has the power of clemency, which includes granting pardons and commuting sentences. This power is significant in cases where the Governor believes justice necessitates such actions.
The Governor also functions as the state party leader, influencing political party activities within Ohio. This role often involves navigating complex relationships with other elected officials and party leaders. Additionally, the Governor acts as a crisis manager, addressing unexpected challenges such as natural disasters, economic crises, or significant public safety issues.
Overall, the Governor’s position is multifaceted and encompasses a wide range of responsibilities that impact various aspects of state governance. The Governor is limited by Ohio law to serving only two terms in office.
Foundational Facts
Under Article III of the Ohio Constitution, the Governor holds the highest executive authority in the state. This includes enforcing state laws, appointing officials (with Senate approval), preparing the state budget, and wielding veto power over legislation. The Governor also has the power to call special legislative sessions and mobilize the Ohio National Guard in emergencies. These powers, outlined in Ohio’s Constitution, position the Governor as a central figure in state government.
References
Ohio Legislative Service Commission. 2023. Chapter 10 – The Executive Branch in A Guidebook for Ohio Legislators. Columbus OH.
Sracic, Paul A. and William C. Binning. 2015. Chapter 4 – The Ohio Executive Branch in Ohio Government and Politics. Washington DC: CQ Press.
