2.5 Popular Sovereignty & Civic Responsibility

Along with creating safeguards against tyranny, Madison also recognized the importance of citizens taking an active role in their government.

Again, he was influenced by John Locke, who emphasized that governments derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed. He also was influenced by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose Social Contract (1762) stressed the ideas of popular sovereignty and civic responsibility:

• Popular sovereignty means that the ultimate source of political power rests with the people, and that government exists only because citizens grant it authority.
• Civic responsibility refers to the duties individuals have to support the well-being of their political community. These duties include voting in elections, following fair laws, serving on juries, and contributing to the common good through community service or other forms of participation.

These ideas shaped the design of American government.

• Popular sovereignty is reflected in the Constitution’s opening phrase “We the People,” in the election of members of the House of Representatives, in the ratification and amendment process, and in presidential elections that give citizens a voice in national leadership.
• Civic responsibility is embedded in federal institutions such as jury service in U.S. courts, compliance with federal laws and taxes, military service during times of national need (historically through conscription), and the protection of constitutional rights like voting and petitioning Congress.

Throughout this textbook, we will continue to explore civic responsibility and the role you can play in participating in public life.